EMBEDDED SYSTEM
DESIGN
(ECE 1021)
INTRODUCTION TO
EMBEDDED
SYSTEMS
PRIYANKA MATHUR
Asst. Professor/ECE
COURSE OBJECTIVE:
To understand the meaning of embedded system
and applications in which they are used
To study Hardware, Software architecture of ES
and architecture of Real Time Operating Systems
(RTOS)
COURSE OUTLINE AND STRUCTURE:
Introduction to Embedded System:
The Typical Embedded System
Characteristics and Quality Attributes of Embedded System
Embedded Systems Application and Domain Specific
Hardware Software Co-Design and Program Modeling
Design and development of embedded product
Embedded Firmware Design and Development
Real Time Operating System (RTOS) based Embedded System Design
An Introduction to Embedded System Design with VxWorks and
MicroC/OS-II (COS-II) RTOS
Integration and Testing of Embedded Hardware and Firmware
The Embedded System Development Environment
Product Enclosure Design & Development
Embedded Product Development Life Cycle (EDLC)
Trends in the Embedded Industry
TEXT BOOK /REFERENCE BOOK
Shibu K.V., Introduction to Embedded Systems,
TMH Private Limited, New Delhi, 2009.
Raj Kamal, Embedded Systems Architecture,
Programming and Design, Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi
TOPICS TO BE DISCUSSED
System
Embedded System
Embedded system vs general computing
system
History of ES
Classification of ES
Application areas
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A SYSTEM?
A system is a way of working,
organizing or doing one or many tasks
according to a fixed plan, program or set
of rules.
A system is also an arrangement in
which all its units assemble and work
together according to the plan or
program.
SYSTEM EXAMPLES
WATCH
It is a time display SYSTEM
Parts: Hardware, Needles,
Battery, Dial,
Chassis and Strap
Rules
1.All needles move clockwise only
2.A thin needle rotates every second
3.A long needle rotates every minute
4.A short needle rotates every hour
5.All needles return to the original
position after 12 hours
SYSTEM EXAMPLES
WASHING MACHINE
It is an automatic clothes
washing SYSTEM
Parts: Status display panel,
Switches & Dials, Motor, Power
supply & control unit, Inner water
level sensor and solenoid valve.
Rules
1.Wash by spinning
2.Rinse
3.Drying
4.Wash over by blinking
5.Each step display the process stage
EMBEDDED SYSTEM
Definition: An Embedded System is one that has
computer hardware with software embedded in it
as one of its important components. Its software embeds
in
ROM
(Read
Only
Memory). It does not
need
secondary
memories
as
in
a
computer
SOFTWARE
PROGRAM
HARDWARE
#include <16f876a.h>
#use delay (clock=20000000)
#byte PORTB=6
main()
{
set_tris_b(0);
portb=255;//decimal
delay_ms(1000);
portb=0x55;//hexadecima 9
l
delay_ms(1000);
portb=0b10101010;//binary
delay_ms(500);
EMBEDDED SYSTEM
An embedded system is an electronic /electro
mechanical system designed to perform a specific
function and is a combination of both hardware
and firmware(software)
ES VS GENERAL COMPUTING
SYSTEM
GENERAL PURPOSE
COMPUTING SYSTEM
EMBEDED SYSTEM
Combination of generic hardware
and general purpose operating
system for executing a variety of
applications
Combination of special purpose
hardware and embedded OS for
executing a specific set of
application
Contains GPOS
May or may not contain OS
Applications alterable by user
Firmware is pre programmed and
not alterable by end user
Performance is key for selection
(faster the better)
Application specific requirement
(performance, power usage, memory
usage)
Response requirement not time
critical
Response requirement are time
critical (mission critical systems)
HISTORY OF ES
First recognised modern embedded system is
The Apolli Guidance Compuetr (AGC) developed
by MIT instrumentation lab for lunar expedition
The first mass produced ES was guidance
computer for Minuteman I missile in 1961
Autonetics D-17
CLASSIFICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM
1. BASED ON GENERATION
First
Second
Third
Fourth
generation
generation
generation
generation
8 bit
microprocessor
16 bit
microprocessor/
microcontroller
32 bit
microprocessor
or 16 bit
controller
System on chip
(SoC)
Assembly code
firmware
Embedded OS
DSP o r ASIC
processor
Reconfigurable
processor
Stepper motor
control, digital
phone keypad
Data acquisition
system
Robotics,
networking
Smart phones ,
MID
2. BASED ON COMPLEXITY AND
PERFORMANE
1.
Small Scale Embedded System
2.
Medium Scale Embedded System
3.
Sophisticated Embedded System
SMALL SCALE EMBEDDED
SYSTEM
Simple in application needs
Not time critical
Single 8 bit or 16bit Microcontroller.
Little hardware and software complexity.
They May even be battery operated.
Usually C is used for developing these system.
Eg : electronic toy
MEDIUM SCALE EMBEDDED
SYSTEM
Single or few 16 or 32 bit microcontrollers
or Digital Signal Processors (DSP) or
Reduced
Instructions
Set
Computers
(RISC).
Both hardware and software complexity.
SOPHISTICATED EMBEDDED
SYSTEM
Enormous hardware and software complexity
Which may need scalable processor or configurable
processor and programming logic arrays.
Employed in
performance
mission
critical
application
for
high
32/64 bit RISC or reconfigurable processor may be used
APPLICATIONS
Household appliances:
Microwave ovens, Television, DVD
Players & Recorders
Audio players
Integrated systems in aircrafts and
missiles
Cellular telephones
Electric and Electronic Motor
controllers
Engine controllers in automobiles
Calculators
Medical equipments
Videogames
Digital musical instruments, etc.
