Antacids and
Gastric acids
PREPARED BY:
Zineka Ninlu C. Rodil
Phar 1-1
De La Salle Health Sciences Institute
ANTACIDS
Antacids are a class (group) of medicines which help to
neutralise the acid content of your stomach. Antacids include:
aluminum hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, and magnesium
trisilicate. These come in various different brand names and are
available as tablets and liquids.
Antacids help to treat heartburn (indigestion). They
work by changing the stomach acid that causes your
heartburn.
ANTACIDS
Some antacids are combined with another
medicine called simeticone which helps to reduce
flatulence (wind).
Another group of medicines called alginates
are found in some brands of antacid medication.
Alginates are added to help protect the lining of the
esophagus (gullet) from stomach acid. Alginates
include: sodium alginate and alginic acid. They are
present in antacid medications with various different
brand names.
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ANTACIDS
Modern medicines called proton pump
inhibitors and H2-receptor antagonists
(commonly called H2 blockers) are now
more widely used for these conditions, as
they are much more effective than
antacids.
H2 blockers
H2 blockers are a group of medicines that
reduce the amount of acid produced by the
cells in the lining of the stomach. They are also
called 'histamine H2-receptor antagonists' but
are commonly called H2 blockers. They
include: cimetidine, famotidine, nizatidine and
ranitidine, and come in various different brand
names
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a class (group) of drugs that work on the cells that line the
stomach, reducing the production of acid. They include: esomeprazole, lansoprazole, omeprazole,
pantoprazole and rabeprazole, and come in various different brand names.
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GENERIC AND BRAND NAMES
GENERIC NAME
Aluminium hydroxide
Magnesium hydroxide
Aluminum hydroxide with
magnesium hydroxide
Aluminum carbonate gel
Calcium carbonate
Sodium bicarbonate
Hydrotalcite
Bismuth subsalicylate
Magaldrate with
Simethicone
BRAND NAMES
Amphojel, AlternaGEL
Phillips Milk of Magnesia
Maalox, Mylanta, Diovol
Basaljel
Alcalak, TUMS, Quick-Eze, Rennie,
Titralac, Rolaids
Bicarbonate of soda, Alka-Seltzer
Talcid
Pepto-Bismol
Pepsil
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Milk of Magnesia
A milky white aqueous suspension
of magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)
2, used as an antacid and a laxativ
e.
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DOSAGE
1. Antacid ingredients:
The minimum recommended dosage must provide a minimum acid neutralising capacity (ANC) of 5
mEq and result in a pH of 3.5 or greater at the end of the initial ten minute period as measured by the
procedure outllined in the United States Pharamacopeia XXII/National Formulary XVII. Evidence that
a product meets this standard must be available on request.
The maximum daily dose of acceptable ingredients should not exceed the following levels:
Aluminum hydroxide 10000 mg
Dihydroxyaluminum aminoacetate 4000 mg
Dihydroxyaluminum sodium carbonate 8016 mg
Magnesium carbonate 3288 mg
Magnesium hydroxide 7200 mg
Magnesium oxide 1920 mg
Magaldrate 10800 mg
Calcium carbonate 8000 mg
Sodium bicarbonate 6000 mg
Magnesium trisilicate 4680 mg
Glycine 8000 mg
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DOSAGE
2. Combination non-antacid ingredients:
The maximum daily dose should not provide more than the following
levels
Alginic acid 4000 mg
Simethicone 640 mg
3. Dosage as an antacid should be specified as being for adults
4. Dosages for mineral supplementation (where applicable) should
not exceed those given in the Mineral Supplement Labelling
Standard:
for calcium, up to a maximum of 1500 mg per day
for magnesium, up to a maximum of 500 mg per day
GASTRIC PAIN
The gastric pain, upper abdomen is most commonly known nonulcer dyspepsia.
Non-ulcer dyspepsia, also known as functional dyspepsia, is the
term used for gastric pain when all organic causes have been
ruled out.
Non-ulcer dyspepsia treatment
As stress is suspected to be a cause of non-ulcer
dyspepsia, doctors may prescribe low doses of antidepressants
and anxiety-relieving drugs to help alleviate symptoms.
Medication to reduce stomach acid is also often given. There are
two types of stomach acid-reducing medicines:
H2 blockers, or histamine-2 blockers, which include cimetidine,
rantidine, nizatidine and famotidine
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which include omeprazole,
lansoprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole, and esomeprazole.
Although both work in different ways, they help lower the amount
of acid that the stomach produces.
END OF SLIDE
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