GURU NANAK DEV THERMAL PLANT
BATHINDA
HISTORY
Foundation stone of G.N.D.T.P. at bathinda was
laid on 19th November 1969
First unit commissioned
Sept, 1974
Second unit commissioned
Sept, 1975
Third unit commissioned
Mar, 1978
Fourth unit commissioned
Jan, 1979
Each unit have capacity of 120MW
INTRODUCTION
It is a coal-based plant
combustion of coal Heat convert water in
pipes into steam steam run the turbine
Rotates generator three phase electric
supply is produced
Hence basic requirements are :
Fuel (coal)
Boiler
Steam turbine
Generator
Ash handling system
Unit auxiliaries
PLANT LAYOUT
DIFFERENT CELLS OF PLANT
CHP(Coal Handling Plant)
Coal is unloaded from wagons using wagon
tippler
When coal reaches the plant, normal size of coal is
about 500mm primary crusher 120mm
secondary crusher 25mm coal mill
pulverized coal feeded in boiler.
Wagon tippler
BOILER
Coal burnt heat (15000 C) Superheated
Steam(high P & T) in boiler pipes
Turbine(power obtained)
TURBINE
steam rotates turbine at 3,000 rpm Rotates
power generator electricity produced
CIRCULATING WATER PUMP
Two nos. of circulating water pumps provided
for each unit.
One for steam cycle in turbine-condenserboiler
2nd for condenser-cooling tower water cycle
Each have capacity of 17200 T/hr
COOLING TOWER
These are massive ferro-concrete structure
having hyperbolic profile creating natural
draught of air responsible for achieving the
cooling effect.
Height -- 120 m
Cooling capacity 18000 T/hr for every 100c
ASH PRECIPITATORS
Fly ash carried by outgoing flue gases is
arrested at two stages
a) Mechanical precipitators ash particles
are separated out by centrifugal action.
b) Electrostatic Precipitators ash particles
pass through high voltage electric field,
particles get ionized and are attracted towards
the collecting electrodes.
ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR
PROJECT
WATER TREATMENT
to prepare boiler
friendly feed water
COAL TESTING
to calculate the grading
of coal
WATER TREATMENT
Natural water is available in abundance, but it
contains impurities in many forms which are
as :
Cationic
Anionic
Undissolved (suspended)
Gaseous
TYPES OF IMPURITIES
Cationic
Anionic
Un-Dissolved
Gaseous
Calcium
Bicarbonate
Turbidity, silt, mud,
dirt and other
suspended matter
Carbon dioxide
Magnesium
Carbonate
colour
Hydrogen Sulphide
Sodium
Hydroxide
Organic matter
Ammonia
Potassium
Sulphate
Colloidal silica
Methane
Ammonium
Chloride
Oil
Oxygen
Manganese
Phosphate
Corrosion products
(condensate)
Chlorine
Iron
Silica
HARDNESS AND SCALING
Bicarbonates or carbonates of Ca and Mg form
soft scale Temporary Hardness Deposits
as soft scale in boiler pipes.
Non-Carbonates of Ca and Mg (e.g.- Sulphates
,Chlorides) permanent hardness
Deposits as hard scale in boiler pipes, which is
difficult to remove.
When pH of feed water to boiler is below the
recommended range chances of corrosion
increases, and when it is above recommended
value then chances of scaling increases.
Corrosion
Scaling
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF SCALING
Decrease operating efficiency
Thermal damage
Reduced working life of a boiler
Increased cleaning time and cleaning costs
WATER TREATMENT STEPS
1. Pre-Treatment of water
Make water free from suspended, colloidal
and organic impurities.
process involved in pre-treatment are :a)Settling and Coagulation(using Alum)
b)Filtration-Clay ,Colloids ,algae etc.
SETTLING AND COAGULATION
Alum is mixed in water to make solid particles
settle down.
Water from
lakes
Clear well
DEMINERALISATION SYSTEM
It is an ion exchange process with following
steps :-
i) Conversion of salts to their corresponding
acids by hydrogen cat-ion exchanger
ii)Removal of acids by anion exchangers
Two exchangers are normally in series. Normally
cat-ion precedes the anion exchanger
WORKING OF DM PLANT
Cation exchanger mainly removes Calcium,
Magnesium, sulfates, chloride , nitrates and
sodium salts alkalinity from raw water
Water from sand
filters
Degasser
Carbon dioxide generated by dissociation of
carbonic acid at cation outlet water, is
removed by degasser system
Cation
Exchanger
Anion
Exchanger
Anion exchangers remove the highly
dissociated acids (like H2So4, HNo3, Hcl ) from
the effluent of cation exchanger
Degasser
Mixed bed
Deioniser
COAL TESTING
Coal used is Bituminous
Carbon = (60-70) %
Ash
= (30-40) %
Moisture < (2) %
Calorific Value = (3500-4500) Kcal/Kg
THANKS ..!!
