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Effective learning
A collection of slides on education
Educational Solutions for Workforce Development
Effective means of learning
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Educational Solutions for Workforce Development
Questions and Knowledge
Hierarchy of knowledge with examples of questions to determine the
learners knowledge
LAKE et al, Effective use of questions. 2005
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Stages of Learning
Lake FR, et al. Teaching a skill 2004
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Grow
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Matching learner stages to teaching styles
Teacher styles
Authority
Dependent learner
Learner stage
Interested learner
Self-directed learner
Adapted from Grow
Motivator
facilitator
Delegator
Match
Match
Match
Educational Solutions for Workforce Development
Miller's pyramid for clinical assessment
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Cate, O. t. BMJ 2006;333:748-751
Copyright 2006 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
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Miller's pyramid with levels of awareness
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Peile, E. BMJ 2006;332:645
Copyright 2006 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
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Uncertainty
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self
scientific community
known
personal
opinion
evidence
unknown
personal ignorance
genuine scientific
uncertainty
Naylor (1995) Grey zones of clinical practice. The Lancet
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Integrated Learning.
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Cognitive
Psychomotor
Affective
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Assessment
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What and how students learn
depends to a major extent on
how they think they will be assessed
Biggs, Teaching for Quality Learning at University
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Assessment
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Assessment FOR learning
Assessment AS learning
when teachers use inferences about
student progress to inform their
teaching
when students reflect on and monitor
their progress to inform their future
learning goals
Assessment OF
learning
when teachers use evidence of student
learning to make judgements on student
achievement against goals and standards
State of Victoria (Department of Education) 2002 Assessment Professional Learning Modules
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Assessment and Learning
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Effective assessment empowers students to ask reflective questions
and consider a range of strategies for learning and acting
students move forward in their learning when they can use their
personal knowledge to construct meaning, have skills of selfmonitoring to realize that they dont understand something, and have
ways of deciding what to do next
Earl 2003
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Assessment and Learning
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It is very difficult for students to achieve a learning goal unless they
understand that goal and can assess what they need to do to reach it
so self-assessment is essential to learning
Black et al. 2003
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Assessment Roles and Goals
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Role
Goal
Mentor
Provide feedback and support to each student
Guide
Gather diagnostic information to lead the student or group through the
work at hand
Accountant
Maintain records of students progress and achievement
Reporter
Report to administration about student progress and achievement
Program director
Make adjustments and revisions to teaching
Adapted from Assessment Roles and Goals (Wilson, 1996; Earl, 2003)
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Self-Assessment
Self-assessment involves students in
reflecting on past experience
seeking to remember and understand what took place
attempting to gain a clearer idea of what has been learned and achieved
sharing responsibility for the organisation of their work
keeping records of activities undertaken
making decisions about future actions and targets
Paul Weeden et al. 2002
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