Manufacturing Industries

Production

Sales

Money
Industry
Service
Raw Materials
Transport
Market

Manufacturing
Production of goods in large quantities after
processing from raw materials to more valuable
products is called manufacturing.

Paper from Wood

Sugar from
and .from Iron ore
..from Copper

 Primary
Secondary : Manufacturing
Tertiary

Economic strength of a country is measured

by the development of manufacturing
industries

Manufacturing sector is considered the

backbone of development
It help to modernise agriculture
Reduce heavy dependence of people on
agriculture
Provide jobs to them

It eradicate of unemployment and poverty

from our country
Export of manufacture goods expands
trade and commerce

Location ?
British period
Mumbai,
Kolkata
Chennai etc.
Now ?

Location ?
Influence of raw materials
Labour , Capital ,
Power , Market

Try to find out location it can be arranged

at lower cost

 Industry leads to urbanisation

Both go in hand in hand
City provide
Services such as banking, insurance, electricity
transport etc

Industries tend to come together to make use of

the advantages offered by the urban central
known as agglomeration economies

CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES
1

On the basis of raw materials

Agro Based Industries:

Cotton,

woolen, jute,

silk textile, rubber,

CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES

Mineral Based Industries

Iron and steel,

Cement,

Aluminium

2. According to their main role:

Basic or Key Industries
Consumer Industries

These industries produce goods which

are directly used by consumers, e.g.
sugar, paper, electronics, soap, etc.

These industries supply

their products or raw
materials to manufacture
other goods, e.g. iron and
steel, copper smelting,
aluminum etc..

Why iron and steel industry called the

basic industry? Explain any 3 reason
Most of the industries , heavy-medium and light
depend on it for their machinary and tools
Steel is used to manufacture a variety of
engineering goods, defence, construction and
other consumer goods
Pdn and consumption of steel is considered as
an index of the countrys economic dvpt.

3. On the basis of capital investment:

Small Scale Industry & Large Scale
Industry
If the invested capital is upto Rs. one crore, then the
industry is called a small scale industry.
Large Scale Industry: If the invested capital is more than
Rs. one crore, then the industry is called a large scale
industry

4. On the basis of ownership

Public Sector
Private Sector
Joint Sector
Cooperative Sector

These industries are owned and

operated by government agencies,
e.g. SAIL, BHEL, ONGC, etc.
These industries are owned and
operated by individuals or a group of
individuals, e.g. TISCO, Reliance,
TATA etc.
These industries are jointly owned
by the government and individuals
or a group of individuals, e.g. Oil
India Limited.

These industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw
materials, workers or both. The resources are pooled by each stakeholder and
profits or losses are shared proportionately. AMUL which is milk cooperative is a
good example. The sugar industry in Maharashtra is another example.

5. Based on the bulk and weight of raw

materials and finished goods:
Heavy Industries: Iron and steel.
Light Industries: Electronics

A Presentation on Indian Industries

Agro Based Industries
Textile industry
Cotton
Jute
Sugar

- Ashfaq
- Fahim
- Jaseem
- Shibil

Mineral based industries

Iron and Steel
- Samah
Aluminium & Chemical - Bahiya
Fertiliser , Cement & Automobile - Fida

Procedure

Introduction
Location / distribution
Representation of Map
Reasons for its present location
Special features (if any)
Problem faced (if any)
Level of pollution caused

Measures to control environment degradation

Content accuracy
Use of Maps , diagrams
Additional information
Presentation

Agro Based Industries

Textile
This industry is the second largest after agriculture
It has a unique position in Indian Economy
Contribute significantly to industry
Industrial Production

14 %

Employment
Generation

35 Million persons

Foreign Exchange
earning

24.6 %

GDP

4%

Textile Industry
The textile industry contributes 14% to industrial
production in India.
In terms of employment generation, this industry is the
second largest after agriculture.
35 million persons are directly employed in the textiles
industry in India.
The contribution of textiles industry to GDP is 4%.

Cotton Textiles:
Cotton textiles were traditionally produced with hand spinning and
handloom weaving techniques.
Power-looms came into use after the 18th century.
During the colonial period, England destroyed the Indian textiles
industry.
At present, there are 1600 cotton and synthetic textile mills in India.
Almost 80% of them are in the private sector.
Location of Cotton Textile Industry:
This industry was earlier concentrated in the cotton belt of Maharashtra
and Gujarat.
This industry supports many other industries; like chemical and dyes,
mill stores, packaging materials and engineering works.
Spinning still continues to be centralized in Maharashtra, Gujarat and
Tamil Nadu. However, weaving is highly decentralized and there are
many weaving centres in the country.

Explain with examples , how industries in india

have given a major boost to agriculture ?

2.
How industry and agriclutre go hand in
hand with each other.

 Introduction
Ancient, 18th C, Now

Location / distribution
Maharashtra
Gujarat.
Tamilnadu
West Bengal

 Representation of Map
Reasons for its present location
Availability, Market, Transport, Climate

Special features (if any)

Provide farmers jobs,
Support Other industries like chemicals
India exports cotton yarn to Japan, UK, Russia,
France, East European countries, Nepal, Singapore,
Sri Lanka and African countries.

 Problem faced Unreliable power supply and obsolete (out of date)

machinery are the major problems.
Low output of labour and stiff competition; with the
synthetic fibre are the other problems.

Level of pollution caused

Measures to control environment degradation

How does the cotton textile industry occupy a unique position in the
Indian economy?
Cotton textile industry occupies unique position in the Indian
Economy because of the following reasons:
It is one of the largest industry in India with 1600 cotton textile mills
situated over 80 towns and cities.
It is one of the most important sources of employment. It has been
estimated that it accounts for 20% of our industrial workforce.
There is a large market for cotton textiles within and outside country.
Large amount of cotton is exported significantly adding to the inflow of
foreign capital. In fact India is one of the largest exporter of cotton
textiles in the world.

Jute Textiles

Introduction

India is the largest producer of raw jute and jute

goods in the world.
It is the second largest exporter of jute; after
Bangladesh.
The first jute mill @ Kolkata in 1859 at Rishra.
In 2010-11, there were 80 jute mills
Most of the 70 jute mills in India are located in West
Bengal; mainly along the bank of Hooghly.
The jute industry is in a narrow belt which is 98 km
long and 3 km wide.

 Location advantages of Hooghly basin:

Proximity (nearness )of the jute producing

areas,
Inexpensive water transport,
Good rail and road network, abundant water
for processing raw jute
Cheap labour from West Bengal, Bihar,
Orissa and Uttar Pradesh

 Problem faced
The jute industry directly supports 2.61 lakh workers.
It also supports 40 lakh small and marginal farmers who are
engaged in cultivation of jute
Jute industry is facing challenge from synthetic fibre and also
from other competitors like Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines,
Egypt and Thailand.
The National Jute Policy was formulated in 2005 with an
objective to increase productivity, improve quality and ensure
good prices for the jute farmers. Due to growing global concern
for environment friendly and biodegradable material; the future of
jute looks bright. USA, Canada, Russia, UAE, UK and Australia
are the main markets.

Why has the use of jute products come up again ?

The Government of India has made compulsoryThe use of jute

products come up again because:

The Government of India has made mandatory, the use of jute
packaging
The global concern for environment friendly, biodegradable
materials has opened new markets for jute
The National Jute Policy of 2005 has amongst other objectives,
ensured good prices to the jute farmers, encouraging them to
grow the crop
, the use of jute packaging
The global concern for environment friendly, biodegradable materials
has opened new markets for jute
The National Jute Policy of 2005 has amongst other objectives, ensured
good prices to the jute farmers, encouraging them to grow the crop

Sugar Industry
India is the second largest producer of sugar in
the world.
It is the largest producer of gur and khandsari.
There are over 460 sugar mills in the country.
Location / distribution
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil
Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana
and Madhya Pradesh.
Sixty percent mills are in UP and Bihar.

Special features
Special features
Seasonal
More suited to the cooperative sector.
In recent years, there has been a growing
tendency to shift and concentrate in the
southern and western states; especially in
Maharashtra.
The cooler climate of this region ensures a
longer crushing season.

 Problem faced
Seasonal nature of industry,
Old and inefficient methods of production,
Transport delay and the need to maximize the
use of baggage are the major challenges for
this industry.

 Sugar industry suited to the cooperative sector because:

sugar production is seasonal in nature
Need more workers
It saves the producers from the exploitation of money lenders