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Monitoring Sulphur Dioxide Emissions

This document discusses monitoring ambient air for sulfur dioxide (SO2) using a UV analyzer. It describes SO2 as a highly reactive gas that is emitted through fossil fuel combustion at power plants, industrial facilities, and other natural and human sources. High concentrations of SO2 can adversely affect respiratory health and the environment by contributing to acid rain and reduced visibility. The UV analyzer works by using ultraviolet light to excite SO2 molecules in a sample, which then emit fluorescence. The analyzer detects and measures this fluorescent radiation to determine SO2 concentrations. It has components for sampling, UV analysis, and electronic signal processing to analyze SO2 levels in ambient air.

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Wan Nabil
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182 views17 pages

Monitoring Sulphur Dioxide Emissions

This document discusses monitoring ambient air for sulfur dioxide (SO2) using a UV analyzer. It describes SO2 as a highly reactive gas that is emitted through fossil fuel combustion at power plants, industrial facilities, and other natural and human sources. High concentrations of SO2 can adversely affect respiratory health and the environment by contributing to acid rain and reduced visibility. The UV analyzer works by using ultraviolet light to excite SO2 molecules in a sample, which then emit fluorescence. The analyzer detects and measures this fluorescent radiation to determine SO2 concentrations. It has components for sampling, UV analysis, and electronic signal processing to analyze SO2 levels in ambient air.

Uploaded by

Wan Nabil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Monitoring Ambient Air

(Sulphur Dioxide)

SO2
highly reactive
gasses

Source

fossil fuel combustion at power plants


other industrial facilities fertiliser manufacturing, aluminium smelting and steel making
coal and oil (for example, coal being burnt in a home fireplace for heating and diesel-powered vehicles).
Natural sources - geothermal activity

One of the
criteria
pollutants
as the
indicator
gaseous sulfur
oxides (SOx).

Effects

5
minutes
- 24
hours

high concentrations of
SO2 formation of other SOx

adverse
respiratory

penetrate
deeply into
sensitive parts
of the lungs
and can cause
or worsen
respiratory
disease, such
as
ecosystems

SOx can react


with other
compounds

acid rain affect


vegetation
around
industrial
discharges
and in cities

visibility

Haze

reduce
visibility.

MAIN COMPONENTS OF UV
ANALYZER

Pneumatic
system

Analytical
system

Electronic
hardware

sample inlet
line
particulate filter
hydrocarbon
scrubber/kicker
dryer (if
needed)
sample cell
reaction
chamber
flowmeter
pump

UV source with
the associated
source filters,
lenses, and
optics
light baffles
detector
(photomultiplier
tube)
bandpass
filters.

consists of the
electronic
components
that control the
analyzer and
process the
signals.

UV SAMPLER COMPONENTS

Instrument
shelter

Calibration
system

Data
acquisition
system
(DAS)

Wiring,
tubing &
fittings

OPERATING PRINCIPLE

Measures emitted fluorescence of SO2 produced by the


absorption of uv light

Narrow band-pass filter mirror allows only light wavelengths


of 190 to 230 nm to pass into the fluorescent chamber

The SO2 molecules absorbed are excited by UV light and


emit a characteristic decay radiation

A second filter allows only this decay radiation to contact a


photomultiplier tube (PMT). Electronic signal processing
transfers the light energy impinging on the PMT into a voltage
which is directly analyzed

SO2 +h1 SO2 *SO2 +h2 where:

Where
h1 = incidence light,
h2 = fluoresced light
SO2* = SO2 in its excited state

METHODS FOR UV SAMPLER

In sample mode, the sample is


drawn into the analyzer through the
sample bulkhead.

The sample flows through a


hydrocarbon kicker (scrubber) which
allows only hydrocarbon molecules
to pass through the tube wall.

The sample flows into the


fluorescence chamber, where
pulsating UV light excites the SO2
molecules.

The band pass filter allows only the


wavelengths emitted by the excited
SO2 molecules to reach the PMT. The
PMT detects the UV light emission
from the decaying SO2 molecules

The sample then flows through a flow


sensor

Outputs the SO2 concentration to the


front panel display and the analog or
digital outputs.

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