ADAPTIVE LEADING
EDGE DROOP MECHANISM
CHRIS, REIDY
MICHAEL
HUMPHREYS
COACH
Michael
Humphreys,
the
Engineering
Teacher at
Xavier High
School, guided
the team to
successfully
perform a valid
engineering
design project.
MEET THE TEAM
MARIO CHRIS
PROJECT MANAGER
Mario Chris
planned and
implemented
team progress,
with additional
work in CAD
and CFD
analyses, wind
tunnel design
and PIV
analyses, and
mathematical
calculations.
JOHN REIDY
TEAM MEMBER
John Reidy
researched the
problem being
addressed,
participated in
construction of
wind tunnel,
and
researched
TSFC and fuel
consumption
data.
PRIVATE
AIRCRAFT
STALLIN
G
ANGLE
FIXED
WING
CUFF
ADAPTIVE
WING CUFF
DESIGN
PROCESS
2D DESIGN
3D DESIGN
INTERNAL
MECHANISM
MATERIALS
STALLING
ANGLE
FUEL
CONSUMPTIO
N
MONETARY
SAVINGS
CARBON
FOOTPRINT
P
R
O
B
L
E
M
S
O
L
U
T
I
O
N
A
D
V
A
N
T
A
G
E
S
B
U
S
I
N
E
S
S
P
L
A
N
1 2 3 4
NEXT STEP
PLAN
SCALE OF
INVESTMENT
TARGET
MARKET
FUNDING
MECHANISM
S
MARKET
APPEAL
COMPETITIV
E
REFERENCE
PRIVATE
AIRCRAFT
STALLIN
G
ANGLE
FIXED
WING
CUFF
P
R
O
B
L
E
M
1
At high angles of attack, private
aircraft undergo stalling caused by
separation of airflow.
Stalling causes sudden drop in lift,
resulting in loss of pilot control.
Fixed leading edge droop mechanism
alleviates airflow separation and
increases stalling angle.
However, it increases drag at cruise
angles of attack.
STALLING ANGLE
PRIVATE AIRCRAFT
ADAPTIVE
WING CUFF
DESIGN
PROCESS
2D DESIGN
3D DESIGN
INTERNAL
MECHANISM
MATERIALS
S
O
L
U
T
I
O
N
2
RESEARCH
FINAL
DESIG
N
MODELING
ACCOMPLISHING THE FINAL DESIGN
DESIGN PROCESS
THE IDEA
FUEL
EFFICIENCY
FLIGHT SAFETY
PRIVATE AIRCRAFT
SPECIFICATIONS
FIXED LEADING
EDGE CUFFS
AIRFOIL AND WING
DESIGN AND
ANALYSIS
INTERNAL
MECHANISM
CALCULATIONS
AND DESIGN
FLIGHT ADAPTABILITY
DROOP MECHANISM
The mechanism can modify angle of leading edge droop during flight.
Alleviates stalling conditions
Increases fuel efficiency
CESSNA SKYCATCHER
FLIGHT CONDITIONS
CROSS-SECTION PROFILES
AIRFOIL DESIGN
BASELINE
NACA 2412
20 CUFF 10 CUFF 15 CUFF
25 CUFF
5 CUFF
XFLR5
2D
CFD
FLIGHT CONDITION OPTIMAL DRAG AIRFOIL OPTIMAL STALLING AIRFOIL L/D STALLING ANGLE
Climb #1 15 Cuff 15 Cuff 125.5 19.5
Climb #2 15 Cuff 20 Cuff 133.5 20
Cruise #1 15 Cuff 20 Cuff 133.0 19.5
Cruise #2 15 Cuff 20 Cuff 135.6 20
Descent #1 15 Cuff 20 Cuff 130.1 20
Descent #2 15 Cuff 20 Cuff 119.8 19.5
OPTIMAL AIRFOILS FOR CRUISE & STALLING
AIRFOIL SELECTION
BASELINE MODEL
CESSNA SKYCATCHER
WING CUFF MODEL
3D GEOMETRY
WING DESIGN
AUTODES
K
INVENTOR
FUSION
FLIGHT CONDITION OPTIMAL DRAG WING OPTIMAL STALLING WING L/D STALLING ANGLE
Climb #1 12.5 Cuff 20 Cuff 66.1 40
Climb #2 12.5 Cuff 22.5 Cuff 68.5 30
Cruise #1 12.5 Cuff --- 72.2 ---
Cruise #2 12.5 Cuff --- 80.4 ---
Descent #1 12.5 Cuff 20 Cuff 58.3 31
Descent #2 12.5 Cuff 20 Cuff 63.2 29
OPTIMAL WINGS FOR CRUISE & STALLING
WING SELECTION
AIRFLOW CONTOURS
WING CFD ANALYSIS
WITHOUT
CUFF
WITH CUFF
PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY
WIND TUNNEL ANALYSIS
CRUISE CONDITIONS STALLING
CONDITIONS
BASELINE
12.5 CUFF
20 CUFF
MOTILE APPARATUS FOR DROOP MODIFICATION
INTERNAL MECHANISM DESIGN
Force = 160 lb
Weight = 10.7 lb
Factor of Safety = 2.5
LINEAR ACTUATOR
Moment = 1000 lb-in
Weight = 8.2 lb
Factor of Safety = 1
ROTARY
ACTUATOR
FINAL INTERNAL MECHANISM
IS LINEAR ACTUATOR
BECAUSE IT HAS HIGHER
FACTOR OF SAFETY FOR
APPROXIMATELY SAME
WEIGHT.
STALLING
ANGLE
FUEL
CONSUMPTIO
N
MONETARY
SAVINGS
CARBON
FOOTPRINT
A
D
V
A
N
T
A
G
E
S
3
MONETARY SAVINGS AND CARBON FOOTPRINT
GREEN TECHNOLOGY
COMPARED TO
BASELINE
520 Th gal fuel
$3.227 M
9.575 M lb CO
2
200 Th trees
COMPARED TO
FIXED CUFF
630 Th gal fuel
$3.902 M
11.577 M lb CO
2
240 Th trees
THE ADAPTIVE LEADING EDGE DROOP
IS MORE FUEL EFFICIENT
INCREASED STALLING ANGLE
FLIGHT SAFETY
B
U
S
I
N
E
S
S
P
L
A
N
4
NEXT STEP
PLAN
SCALE OF
INVESTMENT
TARGET
MARKET
FUNDING
MECHANISM
S
MARKET
APPEAL
COMPETITIV
E
REFERENCE
MAKING OUR DESIGN A REALITY
NEXT STEP PLAN
Step
4
Step
3
Step
2
Step
1
Obtain insurance and
patent for design
Propose design and
budget to major
funding organizations
Obtain required
resources and
facilities to construct
design
Perform flight tests on
final aircraft and
perform inspection
PROTECTION FUNDING DEVELOPMENT VERIFICATION
The estimated cost is
$171,870 with an
additional $17,187
management reserve
Total Cost = $189,057
PROTOTYPE PATENT WIND TUNNEL AIRSTRIP / FACILITY
CONSULTING FIRM MANAGEMENT
RESERVE
INSURANCE
REQUIRED BUDGET
SCALE OF INVESTMENT
IDENTIFYING POTENTIAL INVESTORS
TARGET MARKET
PRIVATE
PILOTS
Pre-Market
Manufacturing
Cessna, GKN Aerospace,
etc.
Private Aircraft Companies
Aviation and Aerospace Industry
1. Pitching the design to private aircraft
manufacturers such as Cessna
2. Licensed to private manufacturers for pre-market
production
Government contracts will also
be pursued, specifically from the
Departments of Transportation
and of Energy, with a focus on
the Federal Aviation
Administration
INVESTMENT SOURCES
FUNDING MECHANISMS
GOVERNMENT GRANTS
PRIVATE INVESTMENT
1. Major source of funding will be private aircraft
companies who invest in our design in order to
implement it in their own aircraft and accrue
increased sales / profits in the future.
2. In recent years, government has been pushing for
safer and more fuel efficient transportation, which
is the goal of our project. Government grants will
be pursued from Departments of Energy and
Transportation, and Federal Aviation
Administration.
WHY OUR DESIGN IS ATTRACTIVE
MARKET APPEAL
DESIGN VIABILITY
Our mature design, with ensured dependability,
eliminates most risk factors to be considered.
GOVERNMENT BENEFITS
Improved fuel consumption performance of our
design may qualify for EPA tax credits.
MARKET REVENUE
Aircraft manufacturers are founded upon long-term
revenues. Our design builds on the proven aircraft,
and improves its selling points, thereby improving
manufacturers prominence in market.
BRANDING
If our client rejects our licensing offer, they risk losing
to a competitor aircraft manufacturer.
ATTRIBUTE FIXED WING CUFFS VARIABLE SLATS STOL KITS ADAPTIVE CUFF
Flight Safety
Fuel Efficiency
Price
Ease of Usage
ASSESSMENT
PRODUCT ASSESSMENT
COMPETITIVE REFERENCE
INCREASING STALLING ANGLE
ENDORSEMENT
Professionals in the aeronautical industry have
already shown interest in our design, as evident in
this endorsement from Pratt & Whitney engineer
Dr. Manoj Rahematpura.
We are also currently working to gain support from
GKN Aerospace.
THANK
YOU!
HOPE YOU ENJOYED!
