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Carburetion Basics: Air-Fuel Mixture Guide

A carburetor mixes air and fuel for combustion in an internal combustion engine. It stores fuel, delivers it to the engine, filters it, and precisely meters and mixes it with air across different operating conditions such as idle, acceleration, and high speeds. A carburetor uses venturi tubes and fuel circuits to precisely control the air-fuel ratio and deliver the optimal mixture for combustion and engine power.

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188 views20 pages

Carburetion Basics: Air-Fuel Mixture Guide

A carburetor mixes air and fuel for combustion in an internal combustion engine. It stores fuel, delivers it to the engine, filters it, and precisely meters and mixes it with air across different operating conditions such as idle, acceleration, and high speeds. A carburetor uses venturi tubes and fuel circuits to precisely control the air-fuel ratio and deliver the optimal mixture for combustion and engine power.

Uploaded by

PravinSharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Purpose of Carburetion

• A carburetor’s primary purpose is to produce a


mixture of air and fuel for different engine
operating conditions.

1
Purpose of Carburetion
• Store
• Deliver
• Filter
• Mix air and fuel
• Meter air and fuel

2
Idle Speed Screw Idle Mixture screw

Throttle Plate Choke Plate

Float
Pilot Jet
Float Bowl
Main Jet
Pedestal
3
4
Carburetion
Air-fuel
Requirements
• Ratio of air to
fuel.
• Stoichiometric
ratio of 14.7:1
• Example 14.7
lbs of air to 1 lb
of fuel
• Fuel ratios
– Rich / lean 5
Carburetor Operating Conditions
• Cold
– Choke / prime
• Low speed
– Idle
• Mid speed
– Idle and high speed
• Acceleration
– Accelerator pump
• High speed
– Main discharge nozzle
6
Carburetion Pressure Differences
• Vacuum
• Pressure less than atmospheric pressure

• Atmospheric pressure
• Force of air on a surface at 14.7:1psi

• Venturi principle
• A restriction in an air passage which causes an
increase in air speed and a decrease in air pressure

7
Carburetion Pressure Differences
• Air horn
– Air enters at
Atmospheric
pressure

• Venturi
– High vacuum is
created

• Engine side
– Low vacuum
created on the
intake stroke 8
Carburetion
• Atomization
– Turning a liquid
into little droplets

• Vaporization
– Turning liquid
droplets into a
vapor or gaseous
state
9
Carburetion
• Types of carburetors - air direction
– Up Draft

10
Carburetion
• Types of carburetors - air direction
– Down draft

11
Carburetor Circuits
• Float circuit
– To maintain
proper fuel
level

12
Carburetor Circuits
• Choke circuit
– Provides a
rich air-fuel
mixture for
cold starts

13
Carburetor Circuits
• Throttle
– Regulates
air –fuel
mixture
entering the
cylinders

14
Carburetor Circuits
Idle circuit
– Supplies air-
fuel mixture
when the
throttle is
closed for
low speed
operation

15
Carburetor Circuits
• High Speed
circuit
– Full throttle
– Maximum
air – fuel
flow to
develop full
speed and
power

16
Carburetor Circuits
• Accelerator
circuit
– Provides
additional
fuel to
maintain the
air fuel ratio
when the
throttle is
quickly
opened.
17
Carburetion / Governors

• Manual throttle controls


• Governor throttle controls
– Limit low speed
– Limit high speed
– Maintain constant speed

18
Running Conditions
• Too Rich
– Air-fuel mixture with excessive fuel
– HC and CO pollution
– Exhaust black soot
• Too Lean
– Air-fuel mixture lacking fuel
– CO and NOX pollution
– Engine overheating
• Just Right
– Smooth engine operation
– Rapid Acceleration
– Low pollution / Clean Exhaust
– Normal operating temperature 19
Carburetion
• The purpose of the fuel system is store,
deliver, mix and meter air and fuel for the
engine to function over a variety of
operating conditions.

20

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