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Comprehensive Guide to Pharmacology

This document discusses various topics related to pharmacology including: definitions of key terms like drug, pharmacology, absorption, and metabolism; routes of drug administration including enteral, parenteral, and topical; factors affecting drug absorption like dissolution rate and bioavailability; nursing considerations for different drug formulations and routes of administration; and the components of a prescription including patient name, date, medication, dosage, route, and prescriber signature.

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161 views38 pages

Comprehensive Guide to Pharmacology

This document discusses various topics related to pharmacology including: definitions of key terms like drug, pharmacology, absorption, and metabolism; routes of drug administration including enteral, parenteral, and topical; factors affecting drug absorption like dissolution rate and bioavailability; nursing considerations for different drug formulations and routes of administration; and the components of a prescription including patient name, date, medication, dosage, route, and prescriber signature.

Uploaded by

api-20014368
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

AL-AZANEREEH RAMOS MADALE, R.N.

 CLASS RULES

 ATTENDANCE

 ACTIVITIES
CHEAT !
 Drug– Any chemical that affects the
physiologic processes of a living organism.

 PHARMACOLOGY- the study or science of


drugs
 Absorption
 Biochemical Effects
 Biotransformation (metabolism)
 Distribution
 Drug History
 Drug Origin
 Excretion
 Mechanism of Action
 Physical and Chemical Properties
 Physical Effects
 Drug Receptor mechanisms
 Therapeutic Effects
 Toxic Effects
 Chemical Name – describes the drug’s
chemical composition and molecular
structure.
 Nonproprietary name given to the drug.
 Shorter and simpler
 Drug’sregistered trade mark and indicates
its commercial use is restricted to the owner
to the patent for the drug.
 Pharmaceutics – dosages of drugs influences
the body.

 Pharmacokinetics what the body does to the


drugs.

 Pharmacodynamics – What the drug does to


the body.
 Pharmacotherapeutics- focuses on the use of
drugs in any clinical indication.

 Toxicology – the adverse effect of drugs.

 Pharmacognosy – study of natural vs.


synthetic source of drugs.
Dissolution – dissolving of solid dosage.

 Fastest

Liquids,elixirs, and syrups


Suspension Solutions
Powders
Capsules
Tablets
Coated Tablets
Enteric Coated Tablets  slowest
 Enteral Capsules,Tablets,
Pills, TRC,
TRT,elixirs,
suspensions,
syrups,emulsions,s
[Link]
or troches, rectal
suppositories.
 Parenteral  Injectable forms,
solutions,
suspensions,
emulsions,
powders for
reconstitution,
sublingual or
buccal tablets.
 Topical  Aerosols,
ointments,
creams, pastes,
powders,
solutions, foams,
gels, transdermal
patches, inhalers
patches, inhalers
and vaginal supp.
 Bioavailability – the extent of drug
absorption.

 First
pass Effect –process the drug is
metabolized in the liver.
 Nursing interventions

 Medications should be taken with or without


food.
 Atleast 6-8 oz.

 Drug interactions taken during same time.


 IF NGT, powdered, 30-60ml and check for
patency.
 Nursing Interventions
 Should be placed under the tongue.
 Once dissolved it may be swallowed.
 If buccal between cheek and gums.
 Drug is usually without flavor and water soluble.
 Nursing interventions
 Frequent monitoring
 Correct volume and amount
 Checked for compatibilities.
 IV site should be monitored.
 If intermittent there should

be clearing or flushing.
 Nursing Interventions
 Correct landmark
 Correct gauge
 Provide information to client.
 Massage after or warm compress (IM)
 Nursing Interventions
 Provide Information
 Correct Positioning
 Universal Precaution
 Provide Privacy
 Correct Dose.
 Nursing Interventions
 Skin must be free from debris.
 If needs measurement, measure carefully
 SHOULD WEAR GLOVES!
 Sterile technique.
 Thetransport of the drug in the body by the
bloodstream to its site of action.
 Alsoreferred as biotransformation . It
involves the biochemical alteration of a drug
into an inactive metabolite to amore soluble
compaound.
 C P450 – an enzyme that aid in the
metabolism of drug in the liver.
 Oxidation

 Reduction

 Hydrolysis

 Conjugation
 The elimination of drug in the body.
 Primary Organ
 Kidney
 Liver
 Bowel
 Patient’sname
 Date order was written
 Name Medications
 Dosages
 Route
 Signature of the Prescriber.
 Right Drug
 Right Dose
 Right Time
 Right Route
 Right Patient

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