Modern Combined Cycle Power Plants –

Improvement of a high efficient and clean

technology
O. Kreyenberg, H. Schütz, H. Friede Siemens PG
"Energy Efficiency in IPPC-installations"
21 and 22 October 2004
Oct. 21, 2004
Vienna
Modern Combined Cycle Power Plants – Power Generation 1
Improvement of a high efficient and clean technology Authors: Schütz, Kreyenberg, Friede SPG
 Agenda

Market Drivers
Market Drivers

Reference Power
Reference Power Plant
Plant Product
Product Overview
Overview
-- Steam
Steam Power
Power Plant
Plant
-- Combined
Combined Cycle
Cycle Power
Power Plant
Plant

Reference Power
Reference Power Plant
Plant Design
Design Philosophy
Philosophy

Design Targets
Design Targets

References
References

Oct. 21, 2004

Modern Combined Cycle Power Plants – Power Generation 2
Improvement of a high efficient and clean technology Authors: Schütz, Kreyenberg, Friede SPG
 Reference Power Plant
Product Overview

Oct. 21, 2004

Modern Combined Cycle Power Plants – Power Generation 3
Improvement of a high efficient and clean technology Authors: Schütz, Kreyenberg, Friede SPG
 Our Reference Power Plants are Focused on
International Main Market Demand for IPP’s

Varioplant 300 300- 450 MW

700 500- 750 MW
900 800- 1000 MW
Coal/Oil
Customized...
Customized... of
ofthe
theshelf...
shelf...

Components,
Components,Islands
Islands
and
andTurnkey
Turnkey
Gas/Oil Gas/Oil
Single-Shaft 50 Hz 100, 290, 400 MW Multi-Shaft 50 Hz 200, 580, 800 MW
60 Hz 100, 270, 365 MW 60 Hz 200, 540, 730 MW

Oct. 21, 2004

Modern Combined Cycle Power Plants – Power Generation 4
Improvement of a high efficient and clean technology Authors: Schütz, Kreyenberg, Friede SPG
 Evolution of Combined Cycle Power Plant
Efficiency

Steam cycle
Single pressure Dual pressure Tripple pressure with reheat
Net efficiency
60 (%)
Turbine inlet
1160°C 1250°C temp. (ISO)
58 — 1230°C 1230°C 200°C Fuel preheating
1120°C 100 bar 130°C
1190°C 130°C 160 bar Life steam
56 1050°C — 520°C 125 bar 580°C pressure
200°C 110 bar
— 80 bar 565°C Life steam
110 bar 550°C temperature
54 75 bar 520°C
1000°C 540°C
510°C
52 —
960°C 60 bar Fuel gas firing
50 — 485°C ISO ambient conditions
50 bar (15°C, 1013 mbar, 60% rel. humidity)
48 460°C Condenser back pressure 0.04 bar
46
1983/84 1987/88 1990/91 1992/93 1994/95 1996/97 1998/99 2001 2005/06
Year of commissioning
Source: Siemens Gas Turbines

Oct. 21, 2004

Modern Combined Cycle Power Plants – Power Generation 5
Improvement of a high efficient and clean technology Authors: Schütz, Kreyenberg, Friede SPG
 Economical Evaluation Factors

Evaluation Factors (price related)

(at 12% targeted Internal Rate of Return for additional investment)

Power Output 0.55

0‘6 mill
mill€€/ /MW
MW
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Efficiency 7.1
9‘8
millmill
€ /€%-point
/ %-point
0 4 6 8 10 12

Lead Time 2.5

0‘9
millmill
€ /€month
/ month
0 0.5 1 1,5 2

Availability 2.7
2‘6
millmill
€ /€%-point
/ %-point
0 1 2 3 4

Boundary Conditions
Power Output 397 MW Lead Time 24  22 months
Efficiency 57.00 % Overall Project Costs 185 mill €
Load Regime Base Load (7000hr/a) Debt/ equity ratio 70 / 30
Electricity Price 37 € / MWh (escalation 1%/a) Income Tax 35 %
Fuel Price 3.9 € / GJ (escalation 1%/a) Operating Period 20 years

Oct. 21, 2004

Modern Combined Cycle Power Plants – Power Generation 6
Improvement of a high efficient and clean technology Authors: Schütz, Kreyenberg, Friede SPG
 Power Output, Efficiency, NOx-Emission and
Cooling Air Demand versus Combustion
Temperature

Boundary
Boundaryconditions:
conditions:
Ex- The
The same technologyfor
same technology for .
haust blade
bladecooling,
cooling,combustion
combustion mKL
Gas turbine gas chamber
102% NOX chambercooling
coolingand
and
Tcomb. burner.
burner.
Fuel
2%
Heat recovery
steam generator
Combustion Combustion
air 80% chamber NOX
Air intake 100% Electricity

Generator
Cooling air 20%
TCool.-air

Steam turbine GUD

Circulating Electricity
water
Generator
TIT
Condenser

1570°C 1700°C TCombustion

Oct. 21, 2004

Modern Combined Cycle Power Plants – Power Generation 7
Improvement of a high efficient and clean technology Authors: Schütz, Kreyenberg, Friede SPG
 Efficiency Improvements due to Increasing the
Number of Pressure Stages

Temperature curves in a Efficiency increase

heat recovery steam generator

 net
[%-points]
Temperature [°C] 1-pressure process
125 bar/565 °C
2-pressure process 28 bar/565 °C
600 3
3-pressure process 4 bar/235 °C

125 bar/565 °C
500 29 bar/320 °C
Exhaust gas 5 bar/200 °C
400 2 80 bar/540 °C
5 bar/210 °C
300
2.8
200 1 2.1
1.6
100
65 bar/540 °C
54.1%
0 0
Transfered heat 1-pressure 2-pressure 3-pressure 3-pressure
without with
reheat reheat

Oct. 21, 2004

Modern Combined Cycle Power Plants – Power Generation 8
Improvement of a high efficient and clean technology Authors: Schütz, Kreyenberg, Friede SPG
 Quick Start up Increases Plant Utilisation
Factor...

GT at full load/
Bypass System closed
Start-up after 8h Shut-down
400

Plant
Plantstart-up
start-upwith
with Typical
Typicalplant
plantstart-up
350
improved start-up
improvedequipment
equipment
Plant Load [MW]

300

250

200

150

100

50

≈ 40 min ≈ 90 min Time

Oct. 21, 2004

Modern Combined Cycle Power Plants – Power Generation 9
Improvement of a high efficient and clean technology Authors: Schütz, Kreyenberg, Friede SPG
 Limiting Values for Flue Gas Emissions

Oct. 21, 2004

Modern Combined Cycle Power Plants – Power Generation 10
Improvement of a high efficient and clean technology Authors: Schütz, Kreyenberg, Friede SPG
 Relationship between turbine inlet temperature
and NOx emissions

2,5

2,0

1,5
NOx*

1,0

0,5

0,0
1220 1230 1240 1250 1260 1270 1280 1290 1300 1310
Temperatur in °C

A temperature increase by 70K doubles the NOx- emissions !

Oct. 21, 2004

Modern Combined Cycle Power Plants – Power Generation 11
Improvement of a high efficient and clean technology Authors: Schütz, Kreyenberg, Friede SPG
 One the way to the Technical leadership

now tomorrow

Efficiency 58%* > 59%

TIT** 1230°C 1290°C

NOx 25 ppm 9 – 15 ppm

* depending on cooling conditions

** turbine inlet temperature

Details on additional measures will be presented at a VDI Symposium in Leverkusen

23./24. November 2004

Oct. 21, 2004

Modern Combined Cycle Power Plants – Power Generation 12
Improvement of a high efficient and clean technology Authors: Schütz, Kreyenberg, Friede SPG
 Mainz-Wiesbaden, Germany
Combined Cycle Power Plant V94.3A with
Steam Extraction

Mainz
Mainz- -Wiesbaden
Wiesbaden(Germany) (Germany)
Concept:
Concept: Multi Shaft 1+1V94.3A
Multi Shaft 1+1 V94.3A
Output (nat. gas, site) :
Output (nat. gas, site) : 1 1 x 400 MW
x 400 MW
Efficiency
Efficiency(nat. gas, site):
(nat. gas, site):
>58,4
>58,4%* %*
COD:
COD: July
July2001
2001
Fuels: Natural Gas (Fuel oil Back up)
Fuels: Natural Gas (Fuel oil Back up)
Contract:
Contract:EPC EPCTK TKplus plus10 10y.y.S&M
S&M

Oct. 21, 2004

Modern Combined Cycle Power Plants – Power Generation 13
Improvement of a high efficient and clean technology Authors: Schütz, Kreyenberg, Friede SPG
 Pulau Seraya, Singapore: 2 CC 1S.V94.3A
The Most Efficient Plant in SEA

Pulau
PulauSeraya
Seraya(Singapore)(Singapore)
Concept:
Concept:SingleSingleShaft Shaft1S.V94.3A
1S.V94.3A
Output (nat. gas, site) :
Output (nat. gas, site) : 2x
2x367367MW MW
Efficiency (nat. gas, site):
Efficiency (nat. gas, site): >57.2
>57.2% %
COD:
COD: November
November 2002 2002
Fuels:
Fuels:Natural
NaturalGas Gas(Fuel (Fueloil
oilBack
Backup)
up)
Contract: EPC TK
Contract: EPC TK plus 10 y. S&M plus 10 y. S&M
Oct. 21, 2004
Modern Combined Cycle Power Plants – Power Generation 14
Improvement of a high efficient and clean technology Authors: Schütz, Kreyenberg, Friede SPG