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Neonatal Pneumonia

Neonatal pneumonia can occur early within hours of birth as part of sepsis or later after 7 days, often in the NICU. It is usually caused by bacteria like GBS, E. coli, or viruses. Symptoms include lethargy, apnea, poor feeding and respiratory distress. Diagnosis involves tests like CBC, cultures and chest x-ray. Treatment involves antibiotics targeting the likely pathogens, oxygen, fluids and other supportive care.

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4K views15 pages

Neonatal Pneumonia

Neonatal pneumonia can occur early within hours of birth as part of sepsis or later after 7 days, often in the NICU. It is usually caused by bacteria like GBS, E. coli, or viruses. Symptoms include lethargy, apnea, poor feeding and respiratory distress. Diagnosis involves tests like CBC, cultures and chest x-ray. Treatment involves antibiotics targeting the likely pathogens, oxygen, fluids and other supportive care.

Uploaded by

api-19916399
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Neonatal Pneumonia

Illustration
Etiology
risk factors for neonatal infection
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Treatment
Illustration

Neonatal pneumonia is lung infection in a


neonate.
Onset may be within hours of birth and part of a
generalized sepsis syndrome, or after 7 days
and confined to the lungs.
The incidence of pneumonia in the newborn is
relatively high – 1~2‰. The pneumonia in a
neonate is usually of bacterial origin.
Illustration
 Early-onset pneumonia is part of generalized sepsis
that presents at or within hours of birth.
 Late-onset pneumonia usually occurs after 7 days of
age, most commonly in neonatal ICUs in infants who
require prolonged endotracheal intubation because
of lung disease.
Etiology
 Bacterial organisms :
• group B streptococci
• gram-negative bacilli including E. coli, Klebsiella, and
Pseudomonas
• listeria
• Staphylococcus species
• other rarer bacterial pathogens include anaerobiotic
bacilli and Chlamydia
Etiology

 Nonbacterial pathogens
• mycoplasma pneumonia
• candida albicans
• cytomegalovirus
• pneumocystis carinii
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
 Early symptoms include:
• Lethargy
• Apnoea
• Bradycardia
• Poor feeding - there may be temperature
instability
• on examination, there may be diminished air
entry over areas of consolidation or effusion.
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis

 Late-onsethospital-acquired pneumonia
may begin gradually, with more secretions
being suctioned from the endotracheal
tube and higher ventilator settings.
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis

 Features which are used to define


respiratory distress include:
 respiratory rate of greater than 60/min for more
than an hour
 grunting expiration
 subcostal or sternal recession on inspiration
 flaring of the nasal alae
 with or without cyanosis in air - increased oxygen
requirement
Investigations

 septic screen in neonates


 full blood count
 urea and electrolytes, with glucose estimation
 blood culture
 chest radiology
 lumbar puncture
Chest X-ray

Spot laminated shape


Figure 1. Note asymmetric coarse Figure 2. Note diffuse fine
patchy infiltrates. granular infiltrates.
.
Treatment

 Antibiotics:
 In early-onset sepsis, initial therapy should
include ampicillinor penicillin G plus an
aminoglycoside.

 In late-onset hospital-acquired sepsis, initial


therapy should include vancomycin plus an
aminoglycoside.

 Ceftazidime ,ceftriaxone
Erythromycin;
mycoplasma pneumonia
Chlamydia pneumonia

Antifungusagent: candida albicans


Flaconazole
Ketoconazole
Treatment

 The other treatment:


• Keep warm
• Feeding
• Oxygen
• Fliud

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