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Transforming Functions

The document discusses functions and their graphical representations. It defines a function as a rule that maps a single input number to a single output number. It provides examples of functions written in different forms like y=2x+3. It also discusses determining whether a given mapping is a function or not based on the input-output relationship. The document further explains concepts like translating functions using additions/subtractions, and stretching functions using scale factors.

Uploaded by

Selva Raj
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© © All Rights Reserved
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111 views8 pages

Transforming Functions

The document discusses functions and their graphical representations. It defines a function as a rule that maps a single input number to a single output number. It provides examples of functions written in different forms like y=2x+3. It also discusses determining whether a given mapping is a function or not based on the input-output relationship. The document further explains concepts like translating functions using additions/subtractions, and stretching functions using scale factors.

Uploaded by

Selva Raj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

A function is a rule that maps a single number to another single number

Functions can be written in different ways


y = 2x + 3
When plotting on axes the vertical axis is labelled f (x) or f : x not y
f(x) 2x + 3

f : x 2x + 3

However, the function f (x)


one input number gives 2 outputs and is
therefore not a function
x

Using the function f (x) x
2
,
one number input gives one number output

Determine which of these mappings are functions:


f(x) 2x - 3 FUNCTION NOT A FUNCTION
FUNCTION
NOT A FUNCTION f(x) x
2
+ 3
FUNCTION
NOT A FUNCTION
f(x) the greatest integer less than or equal to x
FUNCTION
NOT A FUNCTION
f(x) the height of a triangle whose height is x
FUNCTION
NOT A FUNCTION
f(x) 1
x - 1
FUNCTION NOT A FUNCTION f(x)
x
Next Activity
O|Z<111A-=1~
Correct
Return
WRONG!!!
Return
Translating Functions
1 3 4 5 2 7 6
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7
-
1
-
3
-
4
-
5
-
2
-
6
-
2
-
3
-
4
-
1
-
7
-
6
-
5
1
3
4
5
2
7
6
1 3 4 5 2 7 6
-
7
-
1
-
3
-
4
-
5
-
2
-
6
-
2
-
3
-
4
-
1
-
7
-
6
-
5
1
3
4
5
2
7
6
Principles
So the adding or subtracting of an integer
translates the graph up or down
We have seen from the equations of
straight lines that from the general
equation y = mx + c, the integer c has an effect
on where a straight line crosses the y axis
y= x
y= x +3
If y = x is the function f(x) x
Then f(x) + 3
is the function f(x) x +3

1 3 4 5 2 7 6
-
7
-
1
-
3
-
4
-
5
-
2
-
6
-
2
-
3
-
4
-
1
-
7
-
6
-
5
1
3
4
5
2
7
6
This is the same for any function
f(x) + 3
1 3 4 5 2 7 6
-
7
-
1
-
3
-
4
-
5
-
2
-
6
-
2
-
3
-
4
-
1
-
7
-
6
-
5
1
3
4
5
2
7
6
f(x)
f( x)
f( x) +3
This can also be described
as a translation
|
|
.
|

\
|
3
0
Translating Functions
Principles
There are other translations that can be performed on graphs:
The equation (x 2)
2
= 0 has root x = 2
Compare the equation y = (x 2)
2

with the graph y = x
2
y =
x
2

y = (x-2)
2

This can also be described
as a translation
|
|
.
|

\
|
0
2
2 0
So to summarise these two translations:
The graph of y = f (x) + a is the graph of y = f(x) translated by
|
|
.
|

\
|
a
0
The graph of y = f (x - a) is the graph of y = f(x) translated by
|
|
.
|

\
|
0
a
Stretching Functions
We will use the sine wave as an example y = sinx
-2.500
-2.000
-1.500
-1.000
-0.500
0.000
0.500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
-
3
00
3
0
6
0
9
0
1
2
0
1
5
0
1
8
0
2
1
0
2
4
0
2
7
0
3
0
0
3
3
0
3
6
0
3
9
0
4
2
0
4
5
0
4
8
0
5
1
0
5
4
0
5
7
0
6
0
0
6
3
0
6
6
0
6
9
0
7
2
0
7
5
0
Now see what happens when we double the function y =2 x sinx or more precisely written y =2sinx
The graph is stretched to twice its size in the x direction
Now see what happens when we double the x value before finding the sine y =sin (2 x x)
or more precisely written y =sin2x
The graph is squashed to half its size in the y direction
Graph

Description

Translation

Translation

Translation


Stretch by a scale factor a parallel to the y axis


Stretched by scale factor parallel to the x axis

Reflection in the x axis of


Reflection in the y axis of


Summary


a x f y + = ) (
|
|
.
|

\
|
a
0
) ( a x f y =
|
|
.
|

\
|
0
a
) ( a x f y + =
|
|
.
|

\
|
0
a
) (x af y =
) (ax f y =
a
1
) (x f y =
) (x f y =
) ( x f y =
) (x f y =

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