Pengantar Teknologi Informasi
Input and Output
Computer
Devices
What Is Input?
What is input?
Data or instructions entered into memory
of computer
Input device is
any hardware
component used
to enter data or
instructions
What Is Input?
What are the two types of input?
Data
Unprocessed text,
numbers, images,
audio, and video
Instructions
Programs
Commands
User responses
The Keyboard
How is the keyboard divided?
Typing area
Numeric keypad
Function keys, special
keys that issue
commands
The Keyboard
What are alternative forms for commands?
Many programs allow you to use key combination,
menu, or button to obtain same result
MICROSOFT WORD KEY COMBINATION EQUIVALENTS
Key Menu |
Command Combination Command Button
Copy Shift+F2 or Edit | Copy
Ctrl+C
Open Ctrl+F12 File | Open
Paste Ctrl+V Edit | Paste
Pointing Devices
What is a mouse?
Pointing device that fits under palm of hand
Pointing device controls
mouse buttons
movement of pointer, also wheel
called mouse pointer button
Mechanical mouse
has rubber or metal
ball on underside ball
mouse pad
Pointing Devices
What is an optical mouse?
No moving mechanical
parts inside
Senses light to detect
mouse’s movement
More precise than
mechanical mouse
Connects using a
cable, or wireless
Voice Input
How does voice recognition work?
Step 1. A user dictates text into a microphone. Step 2. An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) translates
sound waves into digital measurements computer can
process. Measurements include pitch, volume, silences, and
phonemes. Phonemes are sound units such as aw and guh.
10010111010110101100001101
Step 4. To narrow a list down, software presents user Step 3. Software compares
with a list of choices or uses a natural language spoken measurements with those
component to predict most likely match. User may correct in its database to find a match or
any selection made by software. list of possible matches.
Natural Language Engine
Matches
Digital Cameras
What is a digital camera?
Allows you to take
digital pictures
Images viewable
immediately on
camera
Download to
computer
Post pictures
to Web
Digital Cameras
How does a digital camera work? Step 3. CCD generates an analog
Step 1. Point to the image to Step 2. Image is focused on a signal that represents the image.
photograph and take picture. chip called a charge-coupled
Light passes into the lens of the device (CCD).
camera. Step 4. Analog signal is converted
to digital signal by analog-to-
digital converter (ADC).
Step 5. Digital signal processor
(DSP) adjusts quality of image and
usually stores digital image on
miniature mobile storage media in
the camera.
Step 6. Images are transferred to a
Step 7. Using software
computer’s hard disk by plugging one
supplied with the
end of the cable into a camera and the
camera, images are
other end into a computer; or images
viewed on screen,
are copied to hard disk from storage
incorporated into
media used in the camera.
documents, edited, and
printed.
Digital Cameras
What is resolution?
Sharpness and clarity of image
The higher the resolution, the better the image
quality, but the more expensive the camera
Pixel (picture element)
is single point in
electronic image
Greater the number of
pixels, the better the
image quality
Video Input
What is video input?
Process of entering full-motion images
into computer
Video capture card is
adapter card that converts
analog video signal into
digital signal that
computer can use
Digital video (DV)
camera records video as
digital signals
Video Input
What are a PC video camera and a Web cam?
PC video camera — DV camera used to capture video
c c
and still images, and to make
video telephone calls on Internet
Also called PC camera
Web cam — video camera
c c
whose output displays on
a Web page
What is Output?
What is output?
Data that has been processed into a useful form,
called information
Output device is any hardware component that can convey
information to user
Display Devices
What is a display device?
Output device that
visually conveys
information
Information on display
device sometimes
called soft copy
Monitor houses
display device as
separate peripheral
CRT Monitor
What is a CRT monitor?
Contains cathode-ray
tube (CRT)
Screen coated with tiny
dots of phosphor material
Each dot consists of a red,
blue, and green phosphor
Common sizes are 15, 17,
19, 21, and 22 inches
Viewable size is diagonal
measurement of actual
viewing area
CRT Monitor
What is the ENERGY STAR program?
Encourages manufacturers to create energy-efficient
devices that require little power when not in use
Monitors and devices meeting guidelines display
ENERGY STAR label
CRT Monitor
What is resolution?
Sharpness and clarity of image
Higher resolution makes image
sharper, displays more text on
screen, makes some elements
smaller
Refresh rate is speed at which
monitor redraws
images on screen
CRT Monitor
How does video travel from the processor to a CRT monitor?
Video card (also called a graphics card) converts digital
output from computer into analog video signal
Step 5. Electron guns
Step 1. The fire the three color signals
processor sends Step 3. The to the front of the CRT.
digital video data analog signal is
to the video card. sent through a
cable to the CRT Step 4. The
monitor. CRT monitor
separates the
analog signal
into red, green,
and blue signals.
Step 6. An image is
displayed on the screen when
the electrons hit phosphor
Step 2. The video card’s dots on the back of the screen.
digital-to-analog converter
(DAC) converts the digital
video data to an analog signal.
CRT Monitor
What are video standards?
Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA)
develops video standards
CRT Monitor
What are various video card configurations?
Flat-Panel Displays
What is a flat panel display?
Uses liquid crystal display
Also called LCD monitor
Takes up less desk space
than CRT monitor
Consumes less than
one-third the power
Flat-Panel Displays
How does LCD work?
Uses liquid compound to present information on a
display Step 2. As light passes through liquid crystal, electrical
charge causes some of the cells to twist, making light waves
bend as they pass through color filter.
Step 1. Panel
of fluorescent
tubes emits
light waves
through
polarizing glass filter,
which guides light
toward layer of liquid
Liquid crystal cells Step 3. When light reaches
crystal cells.
second polarizing glass filter, light
is allowed to pass through any
Transparent electrodes
cells that line up at the first
Alignment layer polarizing glass filter. Absence
Color filter and presence of colored light cause
Polarizing glass filter image to display on the screen.
Fluorescent tube panel
Flat-Panel Displays
How do you use an LCD monitor with a video card?
Plug monitor into Digital Video Interface (DVI) port
on computer
standard monitor
port S-video port
DVI port
Flat-Panel Displays
What is a gas plasma monitor?
Displays image by applying voltage to layer of gas
Larger screen size and higher display quality than LCD, but
much more expensive
Flat-Panel Displays
What is interactive TV?
Select a movie from a Vote or respond to
Bank
central library of movies network questionnaires
Two-way communications HDTV
(high-definition television)
technology in which users interact works directly with
with television programming interactive TV
Shop Play games Video conference
Printers
How do you know which printer to buy?
Depends on printing needs
Color or
Budget Speed
black and white
Graphics Paper types
Cost per page Photo printing
capability and sizes
System Wireless
Future needs
compatibility capability
Speakers and Headsets
What is an audio output device?
Computer component that produces music, speech, or
other sounds
Speakers and headsets are common devices
