Chapter 5 Psychoanalytic Social Psychology: Karen
Horney, Erich Fromm
Karen Horney (1885-1952)
Born in Germany Encouraged to study medicine by her mother Received her degree from University of Berlin Experienced challenges of having a career and children Moved to US Disagreements with Freudian perspective led her to found the Association for the Advancement of Psychoanalysis and American Institute of Psychoanalysis
Anxiety
Anxiety result of social and environmental forces Basic Anxiety
Pervading feeling of being lonely and helpless in a hostile world
Basic evil
Negative factors that provoke insecurity
Neurotic Needs or Trends
Defense attitudes
Developed to permit us to cope with the world Minimize feelings of anxiety
Neurotic needs or trends
Defense attitudes that become exaggerated Three types of coping strategies
Moving towards people Moving against people Moving away from people
Idealized Self
Real self What we are Idealized self What we think we should be Alienation Tyranny of the should
Feminine Psychology
Psychological theory that focuses on womens experiences Re-evaluation of Freud Womb envy
Assessment and Research in Horneys Theory
Used free association and dream analysis as her assessment of personality Systematic self-analysis Stimulated research in
Feminine psychology Hypercompetitiveness Attachment theory Parenting styles
Evaluating Horneys Theory
Horney was engaged in scientific activity and believed her method and therapy must be open to scientific investigation and research Theory reflects deep philosophical commitments Particularly valuable contributions to art of performing therapy
Erich Fromm (1900-1980)
Born in Germany
Received his Ph.D. from University of Heidelberg in 1922 Studied analysis at Institute of Berlin becoming a lay analyst (analyst without formal medical training) Came to the US in 1933 and worked closely with Karen Horney
Basic Human Conditions and Needs
Freedom: a basic human condition that posits a psychological problem
As people have gained freedom, we have become characterized by feelings of separation and isolation
Escape Mechanisms
Escape the burden of freedom
Authoritarianism Destructiveness Automation conformity
Fun Fact
Dogs Pigs Sheep Ultimate goal is care! You know that I care what happens to you, and I know that you care for meAnd any fool knows a dog needs a home, a shelter from pigs on the wing.
Basic Needs
Relatedness Transcendence Rootedness Sense of Identity Frame of Orientation andor Object of Devotion Excitation and Stimulation
Character Orientations
Receptive Exploitative Hoarding Marketing Productive
Assessment and Research in Fromms Theory
Assessment and research have focused on culture and society and their influence of character
Mexican village studies Self-orientation study of corporate leaders Terror management theory
Evaluating Fromms Theory
Fromm rejected scientism Theory shows deep philosophical commitments Fromm has illuminated our understanding of culture and society and how they influence personality
