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Cell Specialization Explained

The document discusses cell specialization and differentiation. It defines differentiation as when a cell becomes specialized to perform a particular function. There are different categories of differentiation, such as changing the number of organelles, changing cell shape, or changing cell contents. Examples of specialized cells discussed include red blood cells, neutrophils, sperm cells, and root hair cells. The document also discusses the differences between single-celled and multi-cellular organisms, with single-celled organisms having higher surface area to volume ratios allowing all cells to be exposed to the environment and perform all functions, while multi-cellular organisms have specialized cells that each perform different functions.

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Veer Ramloghun
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593 views11 pages

Cell Specialization Explained

The document discusses cell specialization and differentiation. It defines differentiation as when a cell becomes specialized to perform a particular function. There are different categories of differentiation, such as changing the number of organelles, changing cell shape, or changing cell contents. Examples of specialized cells discussed include red blood cells, neutrophils, sperm cells, and root hair cells. The document also discusses the differences between single-celled and multi-cellular organisms, with single-celled organisms having higher surface area to volume ratios allowing all cells to be exposed to the environment and perform all functions, while multi-cellular organisms have specialized cells that each perform different functions.

Uploaded by

Veer Ramloghun
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

What are these cells? How are they specialised to perform their function?

CELL SPECIALISATION
Define terms differentiation & specialisation -erythrocytes, neutrophils, epithelial cells, sperm cells, palisade cells, root hair cells, xylem, Phloem & cambium

Which organism has the highest surface area to volume ratio?

The single celled Amoeba

Polar bear or other multi cellular organism

Which organism has the highest surface area to volume ratio?

The single celled Amoeba

12:8 = 3:2
Polar bear or other multi cellular organism

20:25

Single celled organisms

Multi-cellular organisms

Large s/a: volume All cells exposed to environment Effective exchange surface-for what? All cells perform all functions

Smaller s/a: volume Not all cells in contact with external environment Therefore: Specialised cells to perform different functions

Young cell

Cell division

Cell growth

Cell specialisation

Mature cell
-Unlikely or unable to divide again

What is Differentiation When a cell becomes specialised to carry out a particular job/function What categories of differentiation are there? Change number of particular organelle e.g. muscle cell Change the shape of the cell e.g. root hair cell Change some of the contents of the cell e.g. RBC ALL 3!!

In your group, split the cells between you. Research your cell. Later you will need to explain your findings to the rest of the group

Specialised Cell Erythrocyte Neutrophil Sperm cell Palisade Cell Root hair cell Guard Cell Ciliated Epithelium

How the cell is specialised for its function

What are tissues, organs and organ systems?


Write a definition and an example of the following on the yellow post-its and stick under the appropriate heading: Tissue Organ Organ system
.

What are tissues, organs and organ systems?


Cells make up TISSUES, groups of the same kind of cells performing a common function e.g. xylem and phloem in plants, muscle tissue in animals Groups of different types of tissues are arranged together to form organs e.g. the stomach consists of mucus membrane tissue, muscle tissue, etc Organs are grouped into systems e.g. respiratory system, reproductive system. organ systems consist of a number of organs working together to perform an overall life function
.

GROUP ESSAY

In this question, one mark is available for the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar. Below is a picture of blood showing both red and white blood cells.

Describe how red blood cells, such as those shown in the picture are adapted for their function. (Allow one lined page). [6] Quality of Written Communication [1] [Total 7 marks] Think about the other side of the course too!!

1 haemoglobin/haem, carries oxygen/AW; 2 detail of no. of oxygen molecules carried; 3 small size/large SA:V ratio, so haemoglobin never far from cell surface/AW; 4 flexible/elastic/stretchy/changes shape/AW; 5 small size/stretchiness/AW, allows red cells to, fit/squeeze, into capillaries; 6 biconcave/AW [A dimpled], gives, increased/AW, surface area relative to volume (for diffusion); 7 no nucleus to maximise room for, haemoglobin/oxygen/AW; 8 contain carbonic anhydrase; 9 describe, the reaction catalysed by carbonic anhydrase/role in maintenance of diffusion gradient/AW; 10 transport of carbon dioxide as carbamino-haemoglobin/CO2 combines with Hb; 11 ref buffering effect; 12 AVP; e.g. further detail of oxygen carriage variable oxidation state of Fe idea that small size allows them to be close to tissue or cells lack of, other/named, named organelles, also increases room for Hb/O2 max 6 13 QWC legible text with accurate spelling, punctuation and grammar; 1[7]

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