Um Interface and

Radio Channels

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Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Contents
 Overview

 Processing of Voice Signal

 Radio Channel

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 Radio Interface
Ano ther M SC
PS TN
ISD N
BT S

BSC

MS A- bis A MSC/VL R

HL R/AUC
MS
SMC
OMC
Um

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 Hierarchical Structure of Um
Interface
Communication management (CM)
Networ k appl icati on l ayer ( L3)
Mobility and security management
(MM)

Radio resources management (RR)

Data l ink layer ( L2)

Integrated management

RAC H BC CH AG CH/PC H SD CC H SA CC H TC H FA CC H

Ph ysi cal li nk lay er ( L1) TCH 0 TC H1 TC H2 。。 SA CC H 。。 TC H2 3 I DL

Mul tifr am e

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 Radio Access Technology
Tim e Time TDM A
FDMA

Freq ue ncy Freq ue ncy

Time
CDM A

Co de

Freq uen cy

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 Radio Access Technology
Time Tim e TDM A
FDM A

Freq uen cy Freque ncy

Time
CDM A

Cod e

Freq ue ncy

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 Contents
 Overview

 Processing of Voice Signal

 Radio Channel

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 Voice Signal Processing

20m s
8K Hz ， 13bi t Se gme 13kb it/s
A/D Speech Chann el
Vo ice nta tio
co din g codi ng
n

22.8k bi t/s

33 .8k bi t/ s
Inter leavi n Bur st
Encr yptio n Modul ati on Tr ansm issi on
g for matt ing

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 Speech Coding
 The coding mode is called Regular Pulse Excited-
Long Term Prediction (RPE-LTP).
 It works as follow: 8KHZ of sampling is performed
first, then divided into frames with 20ms; every
frame has 4 sub-frames; the duration of every sub-
frame is 5ms; and the pure bit rate is 13kbit/s.

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 Channel Coding
+3 *2+4

Block
50 bit
co der
456b it
Excite d
code r
13 2bit

78 bit

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 Interleaving
B
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ... ... 45 2 4 53 454 45 5 456

Fir st inte rlea ving B0

: B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
. . . . . . . .
... . . . . . . . . .
... .
. . . . . . . .
449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456

Sec ond inte rle avin g:

{A4,B0 } {A5,B1} {A6,B2 } {A7 ,B3 } { B4 ,C0 } {B5 ,C1 } {B6,C2 } {B7,C3 }

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 Interleaving
B
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ... ... 45 2 4 53 454 45 5 456

Fir st inte rlea ving B0

: B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
. . . . . . . .
... . . . . . . . . .
... .
. . . . . . . .
449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456

Sec ond inte rle avin g:

{A4,B0 } {A5,B1} {A6,B2 } {A7 ,B3 } { B4 ,C0 } {B5 ,C1 } {B6,C2 } {B7,C3 }

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 Voice Burst

3 57 1 26 1 57 3

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 Timing Advance (TA)

Th e mo bi le p hone sh oul d
send t he sig nal i n advan ce!!

TA
Tran smis sion de lay t

Tran smis sion de lay t

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 Timing Advance (TA)

Th e mo bi le phone sh oul d
send t he sig nal in a dvanc e!!

TA
Tran smis sion de lay t

Tran smis sion de lay t

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 Frequency Hopping
Frequency

f0

f1

f2

f3

f4

Frame Time

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 Frequency Hopping
Frequency

f0

f1

f2

f3

f4

Frame Time

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 DTX
 DTX: Discontinuous Transmission

Shut off the transmission at voice intervals;
 Only transmit SID frames’
 The transcoder at the RX terminal produces comfortable
noise.

 VAD: Voice Activity Detection

 Implemented by the transcoder.
Prolong battery life and
reduce interference

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 DTX
 DTX: Discontinuous Transmission

Shut off the transmission at voice intervals;
 Only transmit SID frames’
 The transcoder at the RX terminal produces comfortable
noise.

 VAD: Voice Activity Detection

 Implemented by the transcoder.

Prolong battery life and

reduce interference

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 Power Control
 Prolong battery life
 Reduce network interference
 Include both uplink power control and downlink power
control
 Level and quality are taken into account
 BSC or BTS is the final adjudicator
Si gnal lev el

Ta rget le vel val ue:

BCC H Car rier is not e.g. - 85 dm
inv olv ed in pow er
cont rol.

Ti me

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 Contents
 Overview

 Processing of Voice Signal

 Radio Channel

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 Frame and Channel
Freq uen cy

200 kHz

BP Ti me
Slit

15/ 26 ms

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 Definition of Logical Channel
TDMA FRAME
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3

200K
577 µs

Physical Channel

Logical
channel
Logical
channel different
Logical message
channel types
Logical
channel
Logical
channel

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 Burst
• Access burst (AB): Used in MS initial access
Guard interval
Tail bit Data Tail bit

41 synchronous 36 encrypted
8bit bits bits
3bit 68.25bit

• Frequency correction burst (FB): Used in frequency synchronization

between MS and BTS
Tail bit Data Tail bit Guard interval

3bit 142bit 3bit 8.25bit

• Synchronous burst (SB): Used in timing synchronization between MS

and BTS
Tail bit Data Data Tail bit Guard interval

39 encrypted 39 encrypted
3bit bits
64 synchronous bits
bits
3bit 8.25bit

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 Burst

• Normal burst (NB): Used to carry the information of the traffic channel and
the control channel except for RACH
Tail bit Data Training sequence Data Tail bit Guard interval

3bit 57 encrypted bits 1 26bit 1 57 encrypted bits 3bit 8.25bit

Frame
stealing
flag

• Dummy burst (DB): Used in transmission of filling frames by

BTS at timeslots when there is no information delivered
Tail bit Tail bit Guard interval

3bit 142 modulation bits 3bit 8.25bit

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 Logical Channel Type
 GSM900 and DCS1800 have the same logical channel
category
Lo gic al c han ne l

Com mo n c ha nne l De dic ate d c han ne l

(C CH ) (DC H)

Bro adc ast c ontro l channel Common control channel Contro l channel Voice channel
(BC H) (CC CH ) (TCH )

FCC H SCH BCCH PCH AGCH RA CH FAC CH TCH /F TCH /H

SDCC H
(system inform ati on)

SAC CH

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 Downlink Logical Channel

FCCH
Common BCCH SCH
Channel BCCH

PCH
CCCH
AGCH

SDCCH
Dedicated DCCH SACCH
Channel FACCH

TCH/F
TCH
TCH/H

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 Downlink Logical Channel

FCCH
Common BCCH SCH
Channel BCCH

PCH
CCCH
AGCH

SDCCH
Dedicated DCCH SACCH
Channel FACCH

TCH/F
TCH
TCH/H

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 Uplink Logical Channel

Common
channel
RACH CCCH

SDCCH
DCCH Dedicated
SACCH
channel
FACCH

TCH/F
TCH
TCH/H

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 Uplink Logical Channel

Common
channel
RACH CCCH

SDCCH
DCCH Dedicated
SACCH
channel
FACCH

TCH/F
TCH
TCH/H

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 Use of Logical Channels
Power-on Search for frequency correction burst FCCH
Search for synchronous burst SCH
Listen to the system information BCCH
Idle mode Monitor paging message PCH

Send access burst RACH

Allocate signaling channel AGCH
Dedicated mode Set up the call SDCCH
Allocate voice channel SDCCH
Conversation TCH
Release the call FACCH
Idle mode

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 Physical Combination of Logical
Channel

26-frame multi-frame
TCH/F+SACCH/F (full-rate TCH)
TCH/H+SACCH/H (half-rate TCH)

51-frames multi-frame
FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH (main BCCH)
FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH+SDCCH/4+SACCH/4 (combined BCCH)
BCCH+CCCH (extended BCCH)
SDCCH/8+SACCH/8 (main SDCCH)

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 Structure of Main BCCH
1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms
Group3, Downlink
4
Group Group1 Group2 (same Grpup5
as
Group2)
Channel F S BX4 CX4 F S CX4 CX4 …… F S CX4 CX4 I
Frame
1 12- 16- 4 4 42- 46-
Numbe 0 1 2-5 6-9 10 20-39 50
1 15 19 0 1 45 49
r

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink

Channe
R R R R R R R R R R R R R R……R R R R R
l
Frame
4 4 5
Numbe 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13-46 47
8 9 0
r

F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; R:RACH; I:IDLE

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Structure of Combined
BCCH 1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink

Group Group1 Group2 Group3 Group4 Grpup5

D D D D
B C C C A0 A1
0 1 2 3
Channel F S × × F S × × F S F S F S × × I
× × × ×
4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4
D D D D
B C C C A2 A3
0 1 2 3
Channel F S × × F S × × F S F S F S × × I
× × × ×
4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4
12 16 22 26 32 36 42 46
Frame 2- 6-
0 1 10 11 - - 20 21 - - 30 31 - - 40 41 - - 50
Number 5 9
15 19 25 29 35 39 45 49

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink

Channel D3×4 R R A2×4 A3×4 R……R D0×4 D1×4 R R D2×4

Channel D0×4 R R A0×4 A1×4 R……R D0×4 D1×4 R R D2×4

Frame
0-3 4 5 6-9 10-13 14-36 37-40 41-44 45 46 47-50
Number

F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; D:SDCCH ;A:SACCH; R:RACH; I:IDLE

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Structure of Logical Channel
Combination Frame-Main SDCCH
1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink

D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 A0 A1 A2 A3
Channel I I I
×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4

D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 A4 A5 A6 A7
Channel I I I
×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4

Frame 8 12- 16- 20- 24- 28- 32- 36- 40- 44- 4 4 5
0-3 4-7
Number -11 15 19 23 27 31 35 39 43 47 8 9 0

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink

A5 A6 A7 D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 A0
Channel I I I
×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4

A1 A2 A3 D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 A4
Channel I I I
×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4
19
Frame 8 15- 23- 27- 31- 35- 39- 43- 47-
0-3 4-7 12 13 14 -
Number -11 18 26 30 34 38 42 46 50
22
D:SDCCH; A:SACCH; I:IDLE

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 Structure of Logical Channel
Combination Frame-TCH

1 multi-frame (26TDMA Frames) 120ms

Channel T T T T T T T…T A T,,,T T T T T T T I

Frame 6… 13…
0 1 2 3 4 5 12 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Number 11 18

T:TCH;A:SACCH; I:IDLE

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 Frame
1 hyper frame=2048 super-frames=2715648TDMA frames (3 hours, 28 minutes, 53 seconds and 760 milliseconds)

TCH 0 1 2 3 2044 2045 2046 2047

SACCH/T
FACCH BCCH
1 super-frame=1326TDMA frames (6.12 seconds) CCCH
SDCCH
0 1 2 3 47 48 49 50
0 1 24 25

1 multiframe=26TDMA frames (120ms) 1 multiframe=51TDMA frames (3060/13ms)

0 1 24 25 0 1 49 50

1TDMA frame=8 timeslots (120/26=4.615ms)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 timeslot=156.25 bit duration (15/26=0.577ms)

(1 bit duration: 48/13=3.68us)
TB 26 training TB GP
Normal burst (NB) 3 58 information bits sequences 58 information bits 3 8.25
TB GP
Frequency correction burst (FB) TB Constant bit 142 3 8.25
TB: Tail bit
3
TB GP GP: Guard period
Synchronous burst (SB) TB Information bit 39 Extended training sequence 64 Information bit 39
3 3 8.25
TB Synchronous sequence 41 TB GP 68.25
Access burst (AB) 3 Information bit 36 3

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 Frame
1 hyper frame=2048 super-frames=2715648TDMA frames (3 hours, 28 minutes, 53 seconds and 760 milliseconds)

TCH 0 1 2 3 2044 2045 2046 2047

SACCH/T
FACCH BCCH
1 super-frame=1326TDMA frames (6.12 seconds) CCCH
SDCCH
0 1 2 3 47 48 49 50
0 1 24 25

1 multiframe=26TDMA frames (120ms) 1 multiframe=51TDMA frames (3060/13ms)

0 1 24 25 0 1 49 50

1TDMA frame=8 timeslots (120/26=4.615ms)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 timeslot=156.25 bit duration (15/26=0.577ms)

(1 bit duration: 48/13=3.68us)
TB 26 training TB GP
Normal burst (NB) 58 information bits sequences 58 information bits 3 8.25
3
TB GP
Frequency correction burst (FB) TB Constant bit 142 3 8.25 TB: Tail bit
3
GP: Guard period
TB Information bit 39 Extended training TB GP
Synchronous burst (SB) sequence 64 Information bit 39 3 8.25
3
TB Synchronous sequence 41 Information bit 36 TB GP 68.25
Access burst (AB) 3 3

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 Configuration of Common Control
Channel

Do wnlink CC CH Uplink C CCH

PCH AGCH RACH

How t o dete rmin e t he tota l CCCH r esou rces of th e cel l? How

to
all oca te A GCH and P CH r ea sona bl y?

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Thank you
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