HEART TALK
Dr. Rahul Gupta
MD,DM(Cardiology)
Mittal Hospital & Research Centre,
Ajmer
Introduction
CVD is nation’s No. 1 killer
It kills over 910,000 in the U.S. every year
Number one killer in India also.
1/3rd death due to sudden cardiac arrest.
80% SCA at home.
95% SCA patients dies before reaching hospital
What is cardio-vascular disease.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) includes -
- coronary artery disease(Myocardial
Infarction,USA,CSA)
- Stroke & TIA
-Hypertension
-Heart failure
- Peripheral vascular disease
Risk factors
Factors that increase a person’s chance of
developing a heart attack or related heart disease.
There are risk factors that can be changed, treated
or modified and risk factors that cannot be changed.
Risk factors
Risk Factors You Can’t Change, Treat or Modify
• Increasing Age
• Heredity
• Race
• Gender (male sex)
Risk factors
Risk factors You Can Change, Treat or Modify
• High blood pressure
• High blood cholesterol
• Tobacco smoke
• Overweight and obesity
• Physical inactivity
• Diabetes
Risk factors
Risk factors You Can Change, Treat or Modify
• High blood pressure
• High blood cholesterol
• Tobacco smoke
• Overweight and obesity
• Physical inactivity
• Diabetes
Risk factors
Other Factors That Can Affect Your Risk
• Individual response to stress
• Drinking too much alcohol
• Illegal drugs
What we can do to prevent CHD
The steps to prevention:
• Know the risk factors
• Identify your risk factors
• Take action to lower your risk
factors
What we can do to prevent CHD
Make Healthy Lifestyle Changes
• Control high blood pressure
• Don’t smoke. If you smoke, quit. Avoid
second hand smoke.
• Maintain healthy cholesterol levels
• Be physically active
• Reduce excess weight or maintain a healthy
weight
• Eat a healthful diet
What we can do to prevent CHD
Make Healthy Lifestyle Changes
• Do not Drink alcohol
• Learn to relax and deal with your stress
• Get friends and family to join you in healthy living
• Take action in your community and workplace
What we can do to prevent CHD
Educate Yourself!
• You’re worth it!
• The information is easy to get
• “Learn and Live”
What is cholesterol.
• Cholesterol is a fat like substance made primarily in
the liver.
• The body needs cholesterol for important biological
functions.
• Typically, the body makes all the cholesterol it
needs.
What is cholesterol.
•Why Is Cholesterol Control Important?
• Too much cholesterol in the blood increases the risk
that fatty deposits (plaque) will form in arteries.
• These plaques limit the amount of blood that can flow
through the artery.
• If a plaque ruptures, blood clots can form and block
the artery resulting in a heart attack or stroke.
What is cholesterol.
“Good” and “Bad” Cholesterol
• HDL cholesterol is the “good” kind
• High HDL lowers your heart disease and
stroke risk
• LDL cholesterol is the “bad” kind
• LDL cholesterol is deposited in artery walls
• High LDL raises your heart disease and stroke risk
Physical activity
Physical Activity Helps You
• About 30% of Americans are active enough for good
heart health
• Physically inactive women are more likely to develop
heart disease
• Regular, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity
o improves your cardiovascular health
o helps reduce your risk of heart
disease
Physical activity
• Exercise helps you
o lower blood pressure
o control blood cholesterol levels
o reach and maintain a healthy weight
o manage diabetes
• For most healthy people, the American Heart
Association recommends 30–60 minutes of
physical activity on most or all days of the week
Eating right
Eating Right Helps You Help Yourself
Healthy food habits can help reduce some of the
risk factors for heart attack and stroke including:
• High blood cholesterol
• High blood pressure
• Excess body weight
• Type II diabetes
What is Diabetes
Diabetes is defined as a fasting blood glucose of 126
milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or more.
• Type II diabetes is the most common
form and occurs when:
o Your body doesn’t make
enough insulin
o Your body doesn’t respond
properly to insulin
What is Diabetes
How Dangerous Is Diabetes?
•Heart disease death rates for adults with diabetes are 2
to 4 times higher than for adults without diabetes
•Stroke risk is 2 to 4 times higher among people with
diabetes
•Causes nerve damage
What is Diabetes
How Can I Reduce My Risk of Insulin
Resistance and Diabetes?
Changing life habits is the key. Start today by:
• Losing excess weight
• Being physically active
• Controlling cholesterol levels and blood
pressure
• Eating a healthful diet
What is Diabetes
How Can I Reduce My Risk of Insulin
Resistance and Diabetes?
Changing life habits is the key. Start today by:
• Losing excess weight
• Being physically active
• Controlling cholesterol levels and blood
pressure
• Eating a healthful diet
Do you know a friend or relative who
has had a heart attack, or have you
ever had a heart attack yourself?
Heart disease develops over time
as fatty build-up, or plaques, which
can narrow the path of blood flow to Time = Muscle
the heart
Plaque breaks, causing a blood
clot
Blood flow is blocked by the clot,
causing a heart attack
If blockage continues, heart muscle
dies
Chest pain or discomfort
Pain or discomfort in the jaw, neck or back
Feeling weak, lightheaded, faint or sweaty
Pain or discomfort in the arms or shoulders
Shortness of breath
Call :108
Patient delay is the biggest cause of not
getting care fast
Do not wait more than a few minutes —5 at
the most—to call 108
Emergency providers can monitor the
condition and begin treatment on the way
to the hospital
They can communicate with Emergency
doctors
Person having a heart attack will be
seen more quickly
Emergency Room can prepare for arrival
Time = Muscle
WARNING SIGNS
Heart Attack Warning Signs
• Chest discomfort. Most heart attacks involve discomfort in the
center of the chest that lasts more than a few minutes, or that goes
away and comes back. It can feel like uncomfortable pressure,
squeezing, fullness or pain.
• Discomfort in other areas of the upper body. Symptoms can
include pain or discomfort in one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw
or stomach.
• Shortness of breath. May occur with or without chest
discomfort.
• Other signs. These may include breaking out in a cold sweat,
nausea or lightheadedness.
Thank You
