Scribd
Upload
109 views32 pages

Pengantar Endokrinologi dan Hormon

This document provides an overview of endocrinology and cell signaling. It discusses that endocrinology is the study of endocrine glands and their hormones. Hormones are chemical signals produced by endocrine glands that influence cells through specific receptors. Cells depend on signaling systems to adapt to their environment through controlling processes like metabolism, differentiation, and cell death. Signaling involves ligands that bind to receptors on other cells and can include proteins, amino acid derivatives, small biomolecules, steroids, gases, and photons. Modes of cell-cell signaling include direct contact, autocrine and paracrine signaling using secreted molecules in local environments, and endocrine signaling using hormones carried through the bloodstream to act on

Uploaded by

Apsopela Sandivera
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
109 views32 pages

Pengantar Endokrinologi dan Hormon

This document provides an overview of endocrinology and cell signaling. It discusses that endocrinology is the study of endocrine glands and their hormones. Hormones are chemical signals produced by endocrine glands that influence cells through specific receptors. Cells depend on signaling systems to adapt to their environment through controlling processes like metabolism, differentiation, and cell death. Signaling involves ligands that bind to receptors on other cells and can include proteins, amino acid derivatives, small biomolecules, steroids, gases, and photons. Modes of cell-cell signaling include direct contact, autocrine and paracrine signaling using secreted molecules in local environments, and endocrine signaling using hormones carried through the bloodstream to act on

Uploaded by

Apsopela Sandivera
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Pengantar Endokrinologi

Pugud Samodro Bag/SMF Ilmu Penyakit Dalam FKIK Unsoed/RSUD Prof Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto

ENDOKRINOLOGI Cab. Ilmu kedokteran yang pelajari fungsi kelenjar buntu dalam keadaan fisiologis dan patologis. HORMON Zat yang dihasilkan oleh kelenjar buntu yang dapat pengaruhi sel/jaringan/organ tubuh melalui reseptor khusus RESEPTOR KHUSUS Reseptor yang terletak pada sel yang jadi sasaran (membran sel/intra sel)

No cell lives in isolation


to Cells depend on signaling systems to adapt changing environmental conditions

Why are signals important?


Controlling e.g., metabolism, differentiation, cell division Development of immunity and Eradication of pathogens Prevent excessive growth Elimination of superfluous cells by inducing cell death

Components of Signalling

Signal = Ligand Ligand- A molecule that binds to a specific site on another molecule, usually a protein, ie receptor

What can be the Signal? External message to the c Peptides / Proteins- Growth Factors Amino acid derivatives - epinephrine, histamine Other small biomolecules - ATP Steroids, prostaglandins Gases - Nitric Oxide (NO) Photons Damaged DNA Odorants, tastants

modes of cell-cell signaling


Direct
cell-cell or cell-matrix

Secreted molecules.
Endocrine signaling. The signaling molecules are hormones secreted by endocrine cells and carried through the circulation system to act on target cells at distant body sites. Paracrine signaling. The signaling molecules released by one cell act on neighboring target cells (neurotransmitters). Autocrine signaling. Cells respond to signaling molecules that they themselves produce (response of the immune system to foreign antigens and cancer cells).

Direct communication
(Gap Junction & CAMs)

Gap junction

Contact dependent / Protein channels Cell-Adhesion connexin Direct flow to neighbor Molecules
Electrical- ions (charge) Signal chemicals

Need direct surface contact Signal chemical

Means of cell to cell communication:


Chemical : extra cellular signaling
Autocrine & Paracrine: local signaling Endocrine system: distant, diffuse target

Electrical
Gap junction: local Nervous system: fast, specific, distant target

Autocrine & paracrine


Local communication Signal chemicals diffuse to target Example: Cytokines
Autocrinereceptor on same cell Paracrine neighboring cells

Long distance communication : hormones


Signal Chemicals Made in endocrine cells Transported via blood Receptors on target cells

oct08

12

Long distance communication: neuronal


Neurons
Electrical signal down axon Signal molecule (neurotransmitter) to target cell

Long distance communication : neurohormones


Chemical and electrical signals down axon Hormone transported via blood to target

pembawa Kelenjar H * globulin (>>) * prealbumin * albumin H R post reseptor

Generic Signal Transduction

PENYAKIT ENDOKRIN Dapat terlihat jelas/ tertutup Mudah diobati bila diagnosis tegak sebab terjadinya gangguan :
kelebihan atau kekurangan hormon terbentuknya hormon biologik inaktif antibodi terhadap hormon gangguan reseptor sel (defect reseptor/post reseptor) gangguan pada reseptor sel blocking/antibodi terhadap reseptor yang bersifat simulasi

Efek berkurang :
pabrik rusak pabrik membuat namun kualitas menurun pembawanya kurang Reseptornya kurang Post reseptor kurang

Efek berlebih :
produksi pabriknya berlebihan

Secara etiologik kelainan endokrin : 1. Hipofungsi - atrofi kelenjar/sebab umum, idiopatik - destruksi kelenjar (infeksi, trauma, tumor) - kongenital 2. Hiperfungsi - hiperplasia - adenoma aktif - tumor ganas

SEKRESI HORMON
Hormon tidak keluar terus-menerus, ada pemicu : 1. Neuronal : catecholamine 2. Biokimiawi : insulin terhadap glukosa 3. Hormonal : respon terhadap releasing & inhibiting hormon 4. Kerusakan sel : tiroiditis 5. Pengeluaran hormon secara : - pulsatil : GnRH - siklik : cortisol

You might also like