SHRI DADAJI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE
SEMINAR ON SPEED CONTROL OF DC MOTOR
H.O.D: MISS. POOJA SHARMA GUIDED BY: Mr. Dilip Kushwah
SUBMITTED BY Palash Patel (0823EX101036)
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INTRODUCTION
Five major types of dc motor: 1- separately excited dc motor 2-shunt dc motor 3-permnent-magnet dc motor 4- series dc motor 5-compounded dc motor
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT
Figure below shows a dc motor equivalent cct.
Armature cct. represented by an ideal voltage source EA & a resistor RA This is thevenin equivalent of entire rotor, including coils, interpoles & compensating windings Brush voltage drop represented by a small battery Vbrush opposing direction of current flow
SHUNT DC MOTORS
Equivalent cct. of separately excited dc motor shown below
separately excited dc motor is a motor whose field cct. is supplied by another constantvoltage supply shunt dc motor is a motor whose field circuit gets its power directly from armature terminals of motor Kirchhoffs voltage law KVL equation for armature cct. of these motors is: VT=EA+IARA
CHARACTERISTIC of a SHUNT DC MOTOR
Terminal characteristic of a motor is a plot of output torque versus speed If load on shaft of a shunt motor is increased, then load torque Tload exceed induced torque Tind & motor will start to slow down & Its internal generated voltage EA=K decrease Then IA= (VT-EA)/ RA increases consequently Tind=KIA increases & finally Tind will equal Tload at a lower mechanical speed
CHARACTERISTIC of a SHUNT DC MOTOR
O/P characteristic of shunt dc motor can be derived using Tind, EA equations & KVl Combing these three equations: VT=EA+IARA VT=K+IARA & IA = Tind /(K) VT=K+ Tind /(K) RA = VT / (K) - Tind/(K)^2 RA This equation is a straight line with a negative slope
CHARACTERISTIC of a SHUNT DC MOTOR
Torque speed characteristic of a shunt or separately excited dc motor
NONLINEAR ANALYSIS of a SHUNT DC MOTOR
flux & EA of a dc machine is a nonlinear function of mmf anything that changes mmf cause a nonlinear effect on EA mmf should be used to determine EA & mmf
determined based on field current.
SPEED CONTROL of SHUNT DC MOTOR
Two common methods: 1- Adjusting the field resistance RF (and thus the field flux) 2- Adjusting the terminal voltage applied to the armature Less common method: 3- Inserting a resistor in series with the armature circuit
SPEED CONTROL of SHUNT DC MOTOR
Changing the Field Resistance If the field resistance increases, field current decreases (IF = VT/RF), and as the field current decreases, flux decreases as well. A decrease in flux causes an instantaneous decrease in the internal generated voltage EA (=K), which causes a large increase in the machines armature current since
VT E A I A RA
SPEED CONTROL of SHUNT DC MOTOR
Induced torque in a motor is given by ind =KIA since flux in machine decreases while current IA increases, which way does the induced torque change? Look at this example: armature current flow is IA=(250V-245V)/ 0.25= 20A
SPEED CONTROL of SHUNT DC MOTOR
According to equation of speed presented before: (a) no-load speed is proportional to reciprocal of flux in motor (b) while slope of the curve is proportional to reciprocal of flux squared Therefore a decrease in flux causes slope of torquespeed to become steeper
over this range, an increase in field resistance increases motors speed For motors operating between no-load & full- load conditions, an increase in RF may reliably be expected to increase operating speed
SPEED CONTROL of SHUNT DC MOTOR
Power & Torque limits as a function of speed for a shunt motor under VA & RF control
Thank-You
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