CHAPTER 11
Pesticide Application Procedures
Chapter 11
National Pesticide Applicator Certification Core Manual
CHAPTER 11
Pesticide Application Procedures
This module will help you: Select appropriate application equipment and pesticide formulations Understand equipment components Determine pesticide application rates Chose drift reduction practices
Application Methods
Broadcast Air, ground, boat Band Crack and crevice
Univ. of Missouri - Lincoln
Application Methods
Spot Basal Space treatment Tree/stem injection
NV Dept. of Ag
Rope-wick or wiper treatment
Application Placement
Foliar Soil injection
Soil incorporation
Tillage, rainfall, irrigation
Washington State University
Types of Safety Systems
Closed mixing and loading systems Mechanical systems Water-soluble packets
Lynn County, OR Russ Glover
Enclosed cabs
Pesticide Containment Pad
Closed Mixing and Loading Systems
Prevent human contact with pesticides while mixing or loading Benefits Increase human safety Reduce need for PPE Decrease likelihood of spilling Accurately measure pesticide
Camlock System
Closed Mixing and Loading Systems: Mechanical Systems
All in one system
Remove pesticide product from container
Continuum
by gravity or suction
Rinse pesticide container Transfer pesticide and rinse solution to tank without being exposed to pesticide!
Closed Mixing and Loading Systems: Mechanical Systems
Product specific Mini-bulk containers 40-600 gallons Pump, drive and meter units deliver accurate amount from mini-bulk container to sprayer Refill containers eliminates waste
Closed Mixing and Loading Systems: Water-soluble packaging
Easy system Unopened pesticide package is dropped into the mix tank Bag dissolves and pesticide is released into the tank
Enclosed Cabs
May prevent exposure to pesticides if sealed correctly Supplement to PPE but not a replacement Consider cab contamination issues
Pesticide Containment System
Containment Pad Catch spills, leaks, overflows and wash water Prevent environmental contamination Impermeable material (sealed concrete, synthetic liners, glazed ceramic tile, etc.) System for recovering and removing material
Application Equipment
Hydraulic Sprayer Liquid Large power sprayers, small backpack and hand-held sprayers
Application Equipment
Air-blast sprayer Mist Uses air as the carrier
Ken Giles, UC Davis
Sprayer Components
Tank
Non-corrosive and easily cleaned Opening top and bottom for ease in filling and cleaning
Tank Agitator Provides continuous mixing of pesticide and carrier
Sprayer Components
Pump Provide pressure and volume to nozzles Corrosion and abrasion resistant Read manufacturer instructions
Roller pump
Sprayer Components
Nozzle Amount of material applied Orifice size => droplet size Distribution and droplet pattern
Coarse droplets -minimize off-target drift Fine droplets -maximum surface coverage
Sprayer Components: Nozzles
Material selection Brass dont use with abrasive material Plastic Best if used with Hardened Stainless Steel wettable powders and dry flowables Ceramic
Avoid application problems and replace all worn nozzles
Application Equipment
Granular Applicators Band or broadcast Application rate affected by Ground speed Gate opening Granule size, shape, and density Terrain and weather conditions
Granular Applicators
Rotary Spreader
Spinning disk or fan Heaviest granules thrown farther
Drop Spreader
Gravity More precise application
Other Application Equipment
Rubs, dipping vats Bait dispensers Foggers
Maryland Dept. of Ag.
Dusters Chemigation
Equipment Calibration
What is meant by calibrating equipment? Determine volume applied per area
18 gallons applied per 1 acre
13 ounces applied per 1,000 sq. ft
equivalent to:
0.18 gals applied per 435.6 sq. ft
Equipment Calibration
Determine Application Rate (volume/area)
Output = nozzles and pressure Sprayer speed
Univ. of Missouri - Lincoln Univ. of Missouri - Lincoln
Equipment Calibration
1.6 feet x 100 feet Nozzle spacing and calibration course length Calibration = Volume applied per area 4 ounces per 160 ft2
Equipment Calibration
Tools needs
Measuring tape, markers
Stopwatch
Scale or container
with graduated volume
Tarp (granular)
Equipment Calibration
Measure/mark a calibration area Apply using same technique when you will apply, time how long it takes 45 seconds Collect spray from one nozzle = 17 oz Multiply by number of nozzles Determine amount applied per area
15 feet x 200 feet
45 seconds
17 oz/nozzle x 10 = 170 oz per 3,000 square feet
Calibration Formula
GPA =
5940 x nozzle output in GPM
MPH x nozzle spacing in INCHES
GPA gallons per acre MPH miles per hour GPM gallons per minute
If using formulas, make sure you measure appropriate units
Equipment Calibration
Calibrate based on label rates Acre 1000 [Link]. 100 [Link]. For accuracy, use the area stated Can use smaller unit area and covert, but you loose some accuracy
Equipment Calibration
Why is calibration important? Adjust equipment to get desired rate Achieve label rate for product delivery
Meet application volume requirements
Effective pest control Does not waste money Personal and environmental safety
Equipment Calibration
How often should you calibrate? Periodically Any change in equipment set up Whenever change products Calibration is important Take the time to do it right and often
Oh no, Math!
Equipment calibration and application requires basic math skills
Remember, you can always refer to manuals for formulas but you need to know how to use the formulas
Area of Square/Rectangle
125 feet 40 feet Area = Length x Width 125 x 40 = 5,000 [Link].
Area of Circle
r = 35 feet Area = 3.14 x r2 r = radius 3.14 x 35 x 35 = 3,846.5 [Link].
Triangular Areas
Area= base x height 2
Area= 20 x 30 = 300 [Link]. 2
30 ft
height
20 ft
base
Irregularly Shaped Sites (from Univ. of Missouri Lincoln)
W1=30
H=25
L1=42
L2=31
Use a combination of shapes and add their areas: Area = (B x H 2) + (L1 x W1) + (L2 x W2)
(25 x 25 2) + (42 x 30) + (31 x 33) = 2,595 [Link].
W2=33
B=25
B - base L - length W - width
Irregularly Shaped Sites (from Univ. of Missouri Lincoln)
2,595 sq. ft.
How much of an acre is this area?
2,595 [Link]. 43,560 [Link]. = 0.06 Acres
REMEMBER: 43,560 square feet in 1 acre
Determining Application Rate
Calibrated delivery rate of the sprayer is used to determine amount of pesticide concentrate you need and the amount of total spray mix needed READ THE LABEL!!! Dont be proud, ask for help and have someone double check your calculations
Determining Application Rate
Follow your units 1000 square feet, acres Gallons, quarts, pints, ounces Ounces, pounds Pounds of active ingredient
Read the Label and Watch Math Units!
Pesticide Math
You have a weed problem in a 40 ft. x 300 ft. turf area. The herbicide label says to apply 4 ounces of product per 1000 square feet. How many ounces of product do you need to comply with the label directions? Area = 40 ft x 300 ft = 12,000 [Link].
12,000 [Link]. 1,000 [Link]. = 12 units
4 ounces x 12 units = 48 ounces needed
Pesticide Math
You have a sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gallons per acre. Your sprayer has a 300 gallon tank. The label states to apply 2 quarts per acre. How many gallons of product do you need to fill the tank? 300 gallon tank 20 GPA = 15 acres covered
15 acres x 2 quarts/acre = 30 quarts
30 quarts 4 qts/gal = 7.5 gallons
Pesticide Math: Cross multiplication
The label directs you to mix 1.5 quarts surfactant per 100 gallons of spray. How much surfactant do you need to make up 45 gallons of spray? 1.5 quarts 100 gallons 1.5 quarts 100 gallons = = ? quarts 45 gallons 1.5 x 45 qts ? = 100 gallons
? quarts 45 gallons
(1.5 x 45) 100 = 0.675 quarts
Minimizing Drift
Read the Label Volatility Equipment restrictions Droplet size restrictions New technology Buffers Wind direction/speed Temperature Inversions
H.E. Ozkan Ohio State Univ.
Minimizing Drift
Drift variables Application equipment
Type of nozzle Nozzle size and pressure Sprayer speed unstable boom
WSDA
Distance from sprayer to target site Drift adjuvants Weather assessment
A. Felsot, WSU
Minimizing Drift: Type of Nozzle
Drift reduction nozzles Larger droplets are less likely to drift = larger orifice Read the label
Minimizing Drift: Spray Pressure
Increase pressure 4 times to double the nozzle output consider drift when changing pressure Sprayer pressure at 10 psi
10
Sprayer pressure at 40 psi
40 10
Sprayer output = 1 bucket
Sprayer output = 2 buckets
Minimizing Drift Distance from target site
Reducing the distance a droplet must fall before hitting the target site, reduces drift potential
Dr. Reinhard Friessleben Bayer CropScience - Monheim
Minimizing Drift Spray Adjuvants
Several drift reduction adjuvants on the market Evaluate to ensure you get drift reduction
A. Hewitt A. Hewitt
Lots of Decisions Mistakes are Costly
Target site and pest Pesticide choices and formulations PPE, closed systems Equipment selection set up, calibration Environment where application is to take place
Take the time to calibrate!
Every sprayer needs to be calibrated
Make sure applying correct amount of product Be a responsible pesticide applicator
OOPS!
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Q1. Which of the following would contribute to minimizing drift potential? 1. Small nozzle orifice 2. 4 mph wind speed 3. High spray pressure 4. 1 foot boom height
A. 1 and 3 only B. 2 and 4 only C. 1 and 4 only D. 3 and 2 only
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Q2. Which type of application would you perform to treat a basement where there is evidence of a cockroach infestation? A. Broadcast application B. Dip C. Basal application D. Crack and crevice application
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Q3. You need to treat a round golf green. The diameter of the golf green is 100 ft. The label rate is 3 oz. of product to 1,000 sq. ft. How much product do you need to treat the green? (area circle = 3.14 x r2)
3.14 x 50 x 50 = 7,850
A. 23.5 ounces B. 47 ounces
C. 94.2 ounces D. 62.7 ounces
3 oz x 7.85 = 23.5
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Acknowledgements
Washington State University Urban IPM and Pesticide Safety Education Program authored this presentation Illustrations were provided by Kansas State University, University of Missouri-Lincoln, Virginia Tech., Washington State Dept. of Agriculture, Washington State University
CHAPTER 11
Acknowledgements
Presentation was reviewed by Beth Long, University of Tennessee; Ed Crow, Maryland Dept. of Agriculture; Jeanne Kasai, US EPA; and Susan Whitney King, University of Delaware Narration was provided by Carol Ramsay, Washington State University Urban IPM & Pesticide Safety Education
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Support for this project was made possible through EPA Office of Pesticide Program cooperative agreements with the Council for Agricultural, Science and Technology, and the National Association of State Departments of Agriculture Research Foundation. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views and policies of the EPA.
