OPERATING SYSTEM
NUZHA.S 1003138 BBA-III
ARCHITECTURE OF COMPUTER SYSTEM
Hardware
Operating System (OS)
Programming Language (e.g. PASCAL) Application Programs (e.g. WORD, EXCEL)
DETAIL LAYERED VIEW OF COMPUTER
SYSTEM SOFTWARE, APPLICATION SOFTWARE AND DRIVER PROGRAMS
System Software- Performs essential operation tasks Operating system Utility programs Application Software - Performs specific tasks for users Business application Communications application Multimedia application Entertainment and educational software Driver Programs (Device Driver) small program that allows a specific input or output device to communicate with the rest of the computer system
3 TYPE OF PROGRAMS
User / Application Programs
Programs Used By The Users To Perform A Task An Interface Between User And Computer
System Programs
Driver Programs
Communicate I/O Devices With Computer
Hierarchy of computer software
PROGRAM HIERARCHY
User 1 User 2 User 3
.............
User n
electronic
computer
text editor
database system
spreadsheet
game
Operating System Computer Hardware
Operating System
A collection of programs which control the resources of a computer system Written in low-level languages (i.e. Machinedependent) An interface between the users and the hardware When the computer is on, OS will first load into the main memory
Basic functions of the operating system
Device configuration
Controls peripheral devices connected to the computer
File management
Transfers files between main memory and secondary storage, manages file folders, allocates the secondary storage space, and provides file protection and recovery
Operating System
Memory management
Allocates the use of random access memory (RAM) to requesting processes
Interface platform
Allows the computer to run other applications
Other function of Operating System
best use of the computer resources provide a background for users programs to execute display and deal with errors when it happens control the selection and operation of the peripherals act as a communication link between users system protection
Common Operating Systems and Their Differences
Network Operating System Desktop Operating System Mobile Operating System
Palm OS and Pocket PC UNIX / Linux / MS Windows2000 Server
MS Windows 9X/Me / Mac OS / DOS
Examples
WINDOW
UNIX
Common operating systems
used in IBM compatible microcomputers multi-user, multi-tasking OS used in minicomputers and microcomputers
VAX/VMS
used in DECs VAX series of minicomputers
DOS interface
GUI
Different Types of Operating System
Cross-Platform Issues
Cross-Platform
developing software for, or running software, on more than one type of operating platform.
Machine-independent Programming Languages Makeup Languages Advantages
HTML XML
JVM
cost-effective saves time develop the program on different computers
Disk Operating System (DOS)
a part of operating system to control disk operation 2 parts
small system data data area
keep track of key information of the disk where data file is stored
3 parts
SMALL SYSTEM AREA in DOS
i.e. a short program for loading DOS into computers memory i.e. record the status of each part of the disk and keep track of all data i.e. record the filename, size of the file , date and time
boot/boot record
file allocation table (FAT)
root directory
Good Operating System
efficient
time spent to execute its programs should be short memory occupied should be as small as possible
small in size reliable
Type of Operating System
BATCH PROCESSING REAL TIME PROCESSING TIME SHARING PROCESSING
Batch processing
Jobs, together with input data, are fed into the system in a batch. The jobs are then run one after another. No job can be started until previous job is completed
Real time processing
immediate response is needed. For example
anti-missile defense system airplane landing control system interrupt error in computer system
Time sharing processing
Each user is given a time slice to interact with the CPU. The size of the time slice will depend on the system. Each user is served in sequence.
Special Features of OS
MULTITASKING
SPOOLING
SPECIAL FEATURES
MULTIPROGRAM MING
BUFFERING
PARALLEL PROCESSIN G
Multi-tasking
to handle 2 or more programs at the same time from a single user s perception
CPU can only perform one task at a time, however, it runs so fast that 2 or more jobs seem to execute at the same time
Multi-programming
2 or more programs store in the main memory at the same time when one job reeds to wait (e.g. I/O operation), CPU switch to another job to execute when the first job finishes waiting, CPU will get back the first job to execute
Parallel Processing
use 2 or more CPUs to handle jobs without multiprocessing computer networking
with multiprocessing
Job 4
Job 3
Job 4
time
Job 3
Job 1 Job 2
time
Job 2 Job 1
CPU 1
CPU 2
CPU 1
Buffering
a temporary storage area (buffers) to read data from input device or send data to the output device keep CPU busy
because I/O operation is slow
Spooling
A larger buffer from hard disk Buffer store the data through I/O operation
Because I/O operation is slow and CPU operation is fast
