Intercity ring 1&2

UMTS Fundamentals

Overview of UMTS Technology and its Evolution

For public use IPR applies 2 Nokia Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date / Document Number

Objectives
After completing this module, the participant should be able to:

Identify the principles of cellular system Identify and list the components in 2G Identify the motivation factors for 3G Identify the specification process Explain GSM and UMTS service concept

Cellular System: Advantages of Digital Technology

There are three different generations as far as mobile communication is concerned as discussed below:
First Generation (1G)
Second Generation (2G) Third Generation (3G)

Cellular System: Advantages of Digital Technology

First Steps & First Generation (1G) Following figure describes the First Generation Communication System:

Cellular System: Advantages of Digital Technology

Second Generation (2G) Mobile Systems Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM):
The GSM radio interface uses FDD for duplex transmission and FDMA/TDMA for multiple access.

Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System (D-AMPS):

The D-AMPS radio interface uses FDD for duplex transmission and FDMA/TDMA for multiple access.

Japanese Digital Cellular (JDC) / Personal Digital Cellular (PDC):

The PDC radio interface uses FDD for duplex transmission and FDMA/TDMA for multiple access.

Cellular System: Advantages of Digital Technology

Third Generation (3G) The third generation, 3G, is expected to complete the globalization process of the mobile communication. The 3G system UMTS is mostly be based on GSM technical solutions due to two reasons:
Firstly, the GSM as technology dominates the market.
Secondly, investments made to GSM should be utilised as much as possible.

3G UMTS Motivation and Specification Process for UMTS

UMTS Development:
GSM was to be further evolved in the GSM Phase 2+ in such a manner that its capabilities progressed toward UMTS. The GSM network and protocol structures were developed so that they can be used as a platform not only for high level GSM services, but also for UMTS. The introduction of dual and multimode terminals is of great importance.

3G UMTS Motivation and Specification Process for UMTS

Mobile Communication Market: Medium and Long Term Forecasts:
The mobile communications market will continue to grow in the first decade of the 21st century and beyond. It is generally expected that the number of mobile communications subscribers will exceed those in fixed networks in the next years. About 2.7 billion subscribers are predicted for the mobile communications market by the year 2015 according to the UMTS Forum Report #1.

3G UMTS Motivation and Specification Process for UMTS

3G end-to-end IP Solutions:
The following diagram illustrates the use of IP for the network traffic:

3G UMTS Motivation and Specification Process for UMTS

Organization involved in Specification Process for UMTS:
International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T)

European Telecommunication Standard Institute (ETSI)

Alliance of Radio Industries and Business (ARIB) American National Standard Institute (ANSI)

Evolution of UMTS Technology

The following figure illustrates GSM and UMTS Evolution:

Evolution of UMTS Technology

Data Transmission Evolution:
In Phases 1 and 2, GSM allows data transfers at 0.3 to 9.6 Kbit/s.

In Phase 2+ HSCSD, GPRS, and EDGE are introduced to enhance the data transmission capabilities.

Existing GSM and UMTS Service Concept

User Services: Following are the some of the examples:
E-mail.

Telecommuting.
Multimedia messaging. Improved quality of service.

Support for video and audio clips.

Wireless personal Internet-information anywhere at anytime.

Existing GSM and UMTS Service Concept

GSM Service Support in UMTS: The Tele Services TS, Bearer Services BS and Supplementary Services SS of GSM Phase 2+ are defined, supported and enhanced in and for UMTS (TS 22.004). Demands on market differs much more on a global market and standardization in 3GPP will not be fast and flexible enough to satisfy changing regional market demand and follow all technical changes.

4G Candidate

WiMAX Standards and Standards Group

The way to LTE: 3 main 3G Drawbacks

1.- The maximum bit rates still are factor 20 and more behind the current state of the art systems like 802.11n and 802.16e/m. Even the support for higher mobility levels is not an excuse for this.

2.- The latency of user plane traffic (UMTS: >30 ms) and of resource assignment procedures (UMTS: >100 ms) is too big to handle traffic with high bit rate variance efficiently. 3.- The terminal complexity for WCDMA or MC-CDMA systems is quite high, making equipment expensive, resulting in poor performing implementations of receivers and inhibiting the implementation of other performance enhancements like MIMO for a lot of equipment.

The way to the Long-Term Evolution (LTE): a 3GPP driven initiative

LTE is 3GPP system for the years 2010 to 2020 and beyond.

It shall especially compete with WIMAX 802.16e/m

It must keep the support for high and highest mobility users like in GSM/UMTS networks

The architectural changes are big compared to UMTS

LTE shall be ready for commercial launch around 2010.

LTE = Long Term Evolution

Next step for
GSM/WCDMA/HSPA and CDMA A true global roaming technology

Peak data rates of

173 Mbps/58 Mbps

Low latency 10-20

ms

Enhanced consumer experience

Scalable bandwidth
of 1.4 20 MHz

Easy to introduce on any frequency band

OFDM technology Flat, scalable IP based

architecture

Decreased cost / GB

History and Future of Wireless

mobility 1990 2000 2005 2010 time WCDMA/cdma2000 HIGH AMPS 1G GSM/IS95 2G HSDPA/EUL 3G Enhancement SAE(LTE) 3G Evolution

3G

LOW 802.11

802.16a/d

802.16e

802.11a/b/g

802.11n data rates

< 200 kbps

< 1 Mbps

< 10 Mbps

< 50 Mbps

< 100 Mbps

< 1 Gbps

Networks Architecture Evolution

HSPA HSPA R6 GGSN SGSN RNC
Node B (NB)

Direct tunnel HSPA R7

I-HSPA HSPA R7 GGSN SGSN

LTE LTE R8 SAE GW

MME/SGS N

GGSN
SGSN RNC
Node B (NB)

Node B + RNC Functionalit y

Evolved Node B (eNB)

UMTS Network Architecture

For public use IPR applies 23 Nokia Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date / Document Number

Network Overview

RAN
Radio Access Network

CN
Core Network

GSM BSS

CS Domain External Networks

Entities common

to the CS & PS Domain

UE

UTRAN PS Domain
TS 23.060:
GPRS

UMTS Network
RAN GERAN (GSM EDGE Radio Access Network)
Circuit Switched (CS) domain

TS 23.002: Network Architecture

CN (Core Network)

enhanced GSM core network common cs & ps network elements

UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network)

network elements for service groups

External Network

Packet Switched (PS) domain TS 23.060:GPRS

new

NMS (Network Management Subsystem)

For public use IPR applies 25 Nokia Siemens Networks

Presentation / Author / Date / Document Number

UMTS Release 99 Core Network

CN (Core Network) circuit switched (cs) domain
MSC/VLR GMSC

GERAN

PSTN/ ISDN

CSE EIR

HLR

UTRAN
SGSN

common cs & ps AC network elements

GGSN

corp. network PDN WAP

Billing Centre

IPbackbone

BG CG packet switched (ps) domain

Inter-PLMN Network

R`4 UMTS CN Release 4TSCS Domain 23.002

Applications and Services

CAP CAP

(G-)MSC Server:
Call Control Mobility Management MGW Control VLR functionality CDRs (HLR-Interrogation)

PS Domain unchanged compared to R`99

HLR
D

Call Control Level

C

MSC Server
Iu

Nc (e.g. BICC)

GMSC Server

Mc

Mc (H.248/MEGACO)

GERAN
A

Bearer Level
CSMGW
MGW:
Bearer Control

Nb (e.g. ATM, IP)

UTRAN

Iu

CSMGW

PSTN/ ISDN

CDR: Call Data Records BICC: Bearer Independent Call Control MGW: Media Gateway

Transmission Resource Management Data Format Conversion Transcoding

MEGACO: IETF Media Gateway Control protocol H.248: ITU protocol for Media Gateway Control

HLR & AuC

Subscriber Registration
Storing/Management subscriber profiles Deliver profiles to VLR/SGSN Storing Location Information (VLR / SGSN) MTC: Deliver Routing information to GMSC / GGSN Associated with AuC

CS Domain
MSC / VLR

GMSC

Storing secret Keys (counterpart: USIM) & Security Algorithm Generating Security Parameter (GSM: Triples; UMTS: Quintets) Deliver Parameter to VLR / SGSN (via HLR) Associated with HLR

HLR
Gr
SGSN

AuC
Gc
GGSN

PS Domain
Subscriber data (Examples): Semi-permanent Data: MSISDN, IMSI, Services (BS, TS, SS), QoS Profile, CSI, Service Restrictions,.. Temporary Data: VLR / SGSN address, MS Non-Reachable flag, MSRN, SMS flags,..

BS: Bearer Service TS: Tele Service SS: Supplementary Service CSI: CAMEL Subscription Information QoS: Quality of Service IMSI: International Mobile Subscriber Identity MSISDN: Mobile Station ISDN Number MSRN: Mobile Station Roaming Number

Fig. 10 (TM2201EU04TM_0002 The UMTS Network, 21)

Visitor Location Register VLR

Main

VLR
tasks:
For all UEs in MSC Area
VLR as MSCs Data Base: Subscriber Profile, e.g. IMSI, MSISDN, Services (TS, BS, SS),.. Temporary Subscriber Data e.g. LMSI, TMSI, MSRN, Security Parameter, Location Information, IMSI attach/detach,..

storing Subscriber profiles Mobility Management storing Location Information controlling Security Features*

B MSC

VLR
* e.g. Authentication, Authorization, Cipher & Integrity Start

Location Updates (Subscriber Profiles VLR) Security Parameter (via HLR VLR) Interrogation (MSRN via HLR to GMSC)

HLR AuC D
IMSI: International Mobile Subscriber Identity LMSI: Local Mobile Subscriber Identity TMSI: Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity

TS: Tele Services BS: Bearer Services SS: Supplementary Services MSRN: Mobile Station Roaming Number

Transcoding & InterWorking Function

B S C T R A U

CN
A
Core Network

VLR
B

RAN
Radio Access Network

IWF/

MSC
Gs F

Iu(CS)
R N C

TC
IWF

C
Interworking: TDM ATM all classical CN-Interfaces (A-G): TDM based (E1/T1 PCM30/PCM24) Iu(CS): ATM based

BlaBla Bla

TC
Transcoding CN function in UMTS: part of MSC or standalone N.E. Conversion of Speech Data (CN RAN): using AMR speech codec CN: 64 kbit/s (ISDN) RAN: 4.75 12.2 kbit/s (AMR)

BlaBla Bla

4.75 12.2 kbit/s

AMR: Adaptive MultiRate

64 kbit/s (ISDN)

CN

UTRAN

Equipment Identity Register

Storing IMEIs
(counterpart: ME) on White / Gray / Black List Performing IMEI Check on VLR / SGSN request optional network function

CS Domain
MSC / VLR

EIR
Gf
SGSN
International Mobile station Equipment Identity (IMEI)

PS Domain

 100% autonomously RRM

(e.g. Radio Resource Control, Access Control, Admission Control, Handover Control,)

CS Domain

MSC / VLR
IWF/ TC

(De-)Ciphering & BEC (Layer 2 tasks) storing UEs location information RNS-Control (RNC & Node Bs) ATM Switching
(Iu, Iur & Iub: ATM Interfaces)

WCDMA specific tasks

RNC Radio Network

SGSN

PS Controller Domain

Iu(CS) RNS
Radio Network Sub system
Node B

Iu(PS)

UTRAN
Iur

RNC
Iub
Node B

RNC
Iub
Node B Node B

Uu

UE

 Support of 1or several cells

WCDMA Transmission
ATM Termination Forward Error Correction FEC Radio Interface Measurements
(Quality & Strength)

RNS
Radio Network Sub system

RNC
Radio Network Controller

RNC

U T R NodeAB N
Node B

Iub
Node B Node B Node B

Uu

UE

Sector-Cell Omni-Cell

Node B

Sector-Cell

Node B

Sector-Cell

UE User Equipmen
MSC/VLR

TS 23.101 & 31series

Node B

RNC
SGSN UE = ME + USIM

Uu

Subscriber license UMTS Subscriber Personal Identities

USIM

ME
Mobile Equipment

Identity Module

(e.g.MSISDN, IMSI, TMSI, PIN,...)

Security Algorithm & Keys

(for Authentication, Ciphering,..)

HW & SW for WCDMA Radio Transmission Man-Maschine-Interface MMI

Personal phone book USIM Application Toolkit USAT TS 31.1xx

series

UMTS Release 5 IMS & PS Domain

CSCF:

UTRAN

Intelligent & Application Servers

HSS:
similar HLR

CSE

WAP

Session Flow Handling Application Coordination interfaces IN/Application Servers CDR`s

CSCF
HSS

MGCF R

PSTN ISDN MGW

Uu

Node B

Iub

UE
(USIM)

R N C Iur R N C Iu

IP Backbone
R R SGSN R

R IP
Gi

Node B

GGSN

X.25

Node B

Iub

MGCF:
MGW control
Call Control Signalling Protocol Conversion (SS7 to SIP)

R`5 TS 23.002

HSS: Home Subscriber Server MGW: Media Gateway MGCF: Media Gateway Control Function SIP: Session Initiation Protocol

other PLMN

IMS: IP Multimedia Subsystem CSCF: Call State Control Function R: IP Router/Switch

High Speed Downlink Packet Access

UMTS Release 5
Applied Techniques: Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Antenna Processing

High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) Up to 10 Mbps Non real time data transfer Downlink

UMTS Release 6 Features

IMS Services MBMS (Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service) WLAN interworking
use WLAN as access network for IMS instead of PS Domain

MIMO (Multiple-Input-Multiple-Ouput)
Multiple antennas in UE and Node B / spacial multiplexing

and many more

UTMS Rel 6: IMS Services

IMS Messaging
SIP-based messaging Interworks with Presence Service

Multiparty-multimedia conferencing Service in IMS

Push-to-talk Location-based services in IMS

The way: Macro-Level Network Architecture in 2012

Subscriber: 1 identity number e.g. MSISDN, SIP/IP Address, PIN for all Access Technologies

2G, 2,5G and 3G, 3,5G RAN 4G (LTE) RAN

eNode B

Legacy CS domain

Applications
Common Session Control
Supports: Multicast Handover (Vertical) QoS for RT Services

Service Enabler, e.g. charging, LBS

UTRAN

GERAN

IMS

Common Data Repository

User Profiles Policy Directory

UTRAN-Evolution
(LTE)

eGSN

4G / Multi-Hop

WLAN AP

WiMAX BS

Broadband Wireless Access xDSL

Unified IP (IPV6) Multimedia Network

MGW

PSTN PLMN

DVB-x

other PLMN
Internet Intranet

AP Access Point BS Base Station

WLAN, WiMAX RAN

CS Circuit Switched IMS IP based Multimedia Subsystem eGSN enhanced GPRS Support Node

DSL Access

Digital TV

PLMN - Public Land Mobile Network PSTN - Public Switched Telephony Network

LBS Location Based Services MGW Media Gateway

LTE System Architecture Evolution

GERAN

Gb Iu
SGSN

GPRS Core

PCRF

UTRAN

Rx+ S7 S3 S4 S6 S5a S1
MME UPE HSS Op.

S5b
3GPP Anchor
IASA

IP
SAE Anchor

SGi
WLAN 3GPP IP Access

Serv. (IMS,

Evolved RAN

S2b S2a
ePDG

PSS, etc)

Evolved Packet Core

WLAN Access NW

Trusted non 3GPP IP Access