SUBMITTED BY-
Bhanu Pratap Singh (Roll No.)
Offers
low-cost, ubiquitous, wireless data network Can be overlaid on AMPS and IS-136, and share its infrastructure Transmits packet data over idle cellular voice channels Automatically switches to another channel Doesnt communicate with underlying cellular network
Takes
advantage of its knowledge of channel assignment algorithms for cellular system Predicts the channels available for CDPD use Serve as the wireless extension to a PSDN or other data networks such as the Internet
ES & IS
Mobile End System (MES) MDBS MD-IS
Two basic classes of network entities
Though physical location if M-ESs may change from time to time, continuous network access is maintained.
Mobile Database Station
Mobile Data-intermediate System .
Two basic classes of network entities
End system (ES) Intermediate system (IS)
M-ES To other intermediate systems
MD-IS AMPS BS MDBS
MD-IS
MDBS AMPS BS
AMPS Base Station
Mobile Data Base Station
AMPS MSC Mobile Station
Mobile End System (M-ES)
Though physical location if M-ESs may change from time to time, continuous network access is maintained
Consists of three parts
Subscriber unit used to access the radio interface Subscriber identity module contains information to identify a subscriber Mobile application subsystem provides M-ESs application functionality
Mobile Database Station (MDBS)
Control of the radio interface
radio channel allocation interoperation radio media access control
Mobile Data-intermediate System (MD-IS)
Consists of several modem-transceivers, each of which supports one channel pair User data received by the modem-transceiver are processed by control computer M-ES can communicate only with outside world through MDBS Connects to several MDBSs via wired links or via microwave Consists of frame relay switch, packet router, and workstation Receives data from one network and forwards it to another network Supports user mobility CDPD-specific mobile network
location protocol
CDPD channel streams - 19.2Kbps raw duplex wireless link Use idle cellular RF channels CDPD transmission must not interfere with cellular voice Forward link - link from MDBS to M-ES
MD-IS sends frames to the MDBS on the forward link MDBS broadcasts frames in its radio coverage area Only M-ESs that have valid NEI (network entity identifiers) can decode the received data
Reverse link - link from M-ES to MDBS
Uses DSMA (digital sense multiple access)
If M-ES detects a busy status
MDBS broadcasts the availability of the reverse link by an idle/busy control flag If there are no transmission on the reverse channel, MDBS sets the control flag idle M-ES may transmit the data on the reverse link at idle status Waits for a random period of time Rechecks the status of the control flag
If two M-ESs detect the idle status, and try to access the reverse link at the same time
Collision occurs Exponential backoff procedure for retransmission
To prevent Channel-hogging situation
When M-ES in communication moves from one cell to another
Radio link transfer process is required to reconnect the MES in the new cell CDPD link transfer process is controlled by the M-ES M-ES monitors the radio link quality
If the quality falls below the thresholds
Maximum time period is defined between two bursts
M-ES initiates link transfer New MD-IS updates its registration directory
Transport layer retransmission is required to reestablish the end-to-end connection
If the old MDBS and the new MDBS connected to different MDISs
Sleep mode operation
An idle M-ES shut off power for predefined period To wake up
MD-IS periodically broadcasts a notification message M-ES periodically activate its receiver If its name is found in the list,
MD-IS leaves sleep mode Sends a notification message to the MD-IS
TEI (temporary equipment identifier) assignment procedure
TEI is dynamic assigned MDLP address Sleep mode operation is requested T203 element inactivity timer T204 TEI notification timer
CDPD use channel sniffing and channel hopping MDBS periodically scans/monitors the channels MDBS Generates a candidate list of available channels List is then forwarded to the MD-IS MD-IS collects channel lists from all the associated MDBSs Determines the CDPD channel streams based on its knowledge of the voice channel allocation algorithm Periodical channel switching timed hop or planned hop Timer
to avoid channel sealing or channel stealing Dwell timer Layout timer
If a communication link is exit between cellular system and CDPD If an communication link is not exit sniffing is used
Channel 5
Channel 6
Channel 7
VOICE
CDPD
VOICE
Is achieved by two functions
MHF (Mobile Home Function) MSF (Mobile Serving Function)
M-ES is identified by a distinct NEI Every NEI is associated with home MD-IS Home MD-IS maintains a location directory
Is called the location directory service in the MHF Record the address of the current serving MD-IS for each of its homed M-ESs
Visited MD-IS maintains a registration directory
Is called the registration directory service in the MSF Keep track of all visiting M-ESs
Location registration procedure
Location directory service in MHF
Home MD-IS
Registration directory service in the MSF
Registration New MD-IS
Cacellation
Old MD-IS
Old MDBS M-ES
New MDBS
NPDU forwarding procedure
Redirection and forwarding service
Step 1
Data forwarding MD-IS
Home MD-IS
Step 2
New MD-IS
Step 3
NPDU data routed
Step 4 M-ES New MDBS
Decapsulate and route :
readdress service
NPDU (network protocol data unit)
