4.
2UNDERSTANDINGSP ECIFICHEATCAPACITY
LEARNING OUTCOMES
A student is able to:
Define specific heat capacity State that c= Q/ m Determine the specific heat capacity of a liquid Determine the specific heat capacity of a solid Describe applications of specific heat capacity Solve problems involving specific heat capacity
INDUCTION SET
Water in the swimming pool and in the pail have different HEAT CAPACITIES
Equal masses and flame Temperature of one will increase faster than other
Water and oil have different SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITIES
Heat capacity
(muatan haba)
The amount of heat required to increase its temperature by 1C
INDUCTION SET
Specific Heat Capacity, c
(Muatan haba tentu)
The amount of heat that must be supplied to increase the temperature by 1 C for a mass of 1 kg of the substance
Specific heat capacity, c = Q__ m SI unit: = J kg-1C-1 or J kg-1K-1 Q = heat absorbed / released (J) m = mass of the substance (kg) = temperature difference (C)
What does specific heat of aluminum 900 J kg-1C-1 mean? 900 J of heat needs to be supplied to 1 kg of aluminum to produce a 1C temperature increase
What does specific heat of water 4 200 J kg-1C-1 mean? 4 200 J of heat needs to be supplied to 1 kg of water to produce a 1 C temperature increase
How much heat energy is required to raise the temperature of 1.5 kg of water from 30 C to its boiling point? The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg-1 C-1 441 000 J
The physical meaning of specific heat capacity, c
2 objects of equal mass are heated at equal rates: Temperature of object (smaller c) will have a faster temperature 2 objects of equal mass are left to cool down Temperature of object (smaller c) will drop faster.
A substance with a small value of c 1. Heats up and cools at a faster rate Metal (iron, steel and copper ) used as pots and pans Quickly heated 2. Sensitive to temperature changes A thermometer has low c
A substance with a high value of c
1. Heats up and cools at slower rate. Require more heat to raise its temperature Poor conductor of heat handle of pot 2. Absorb a great amount of heat without a high increase in temperature.
Material has a high c It takes a longer time to be heated. It does not lose heat easily. A heat insulator.
Material has a low c It becomes hot very quickly. It lose heat easily. A good heat conductor.
Conversion of energy (a) Electrical energy from heater transformed into heat energy. Pt = m c , P = IV (b) Potential energy of a falling object transformed into heat energy. mgh = m c (c) Kinetic energy of a moving object is transformed into heat energy when it is stop due to friction. mv = m c
Applications of c
1.Cooking pot a)Copper base Low c - becomes hot quickly High density- pot is stable and not topple over easily
b) Wooden handle
Large c - the handle not too hot Poor conductor of heat c) Alumni body Low c Low density lighter Do not react with the food
2. The cooling system of a car engine (m/s 114) Water has a high c and lower cost. Useful as a cooling agent. A water pump circulates the water. Heat produced by the engine is absorbed by the water that flows along the space in engine walls. The hot water flows to the radiator where heat is lost to the cooler air that flows through the cooling fans.
3.
EXERCISES
2. A 700 W electric heater is used to heat 2 kg of water for 10 minutes. Calculate the temperature rise of the water. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg-1 C -1. 50 C
6. A bullet traveling at 60 m s hit a sand bag. The temperature of the bullet rises by 4.5 C. Calculate the specific heat capacity of the bullet. 400 J kg-1 C -1
7. A copper block weighing 2 kg is dropped from a height of 20 m. What is the rise in temperature of the copper block after it hits the floor. The specific heat capacity of copper is 400 J kg-1 C -1. 0.5 C
8. 100 g of hot water at 90 C is mixed with 200 g of cold water at 30 C. Assuming that no heat is lost, calculate the final temperature of the mixture. 50 C
