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Voltage Drop Calculation Guide

The document discusses voltage drop, which is the loss of voltage in an electrical system as current flows from the power source to loads due to the resistance of the conductors. It provides formulas to calculate voltage drop based on resistance, current, and length of conductors. It also discusses factors that influence voltage drop like cable size and material, supply voltage, temperature, and distribution arrangement. Guidelines for acceptable voltage drop limits in electrical systems are presented.

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majortay
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785 views16 pages

Voltage Drop Calculation Guide

The document discusses voltage drop, which is the loss of voltage in an electrical system as current flows from the power source to loads due to the resistance of the conductors. It provides formulas to calculate voltage drop based on resistance, current, and length of conductors. It also discusses factors that influence voltage drop like cable size and material, supply voltage, temperature, and distribution arrangement. Guidelines for acceptable voltage drop limits in electrical systems are presented.

Uploaded by

majortay
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • What is Voltage Drop
  • Why Need to Control Voltage Drop
  • Ways to Minimize Voltage Drop
  • Voltage Drop Vs Distribution Arrangement
  • Voltage Drop Vs Different Type of Distribution Means
  • Voltage Drop Limit
  • Typical Allowable Voltage Drop
  • Voltage Drop at Steady State/Transient Condition
  • Voltage Drop with Consideration of Cable Reactance
  • Voltage Drop with Temperature Correction
  • Conclusion

What is Voltage Drop

Source
I R

Load

p.f. = 1

VD = IR = (mV/A/m)r

What is Voltage Drop


Source
I R

Load

p.f. = 1

VD = IR = (mV/A/m)r

Source

Load
VD = IR Cos == Cos(mV/A/m)r

p.f. = Cos

What is Voltage Drop


Source
I R

S
VD = IR = (mV/A/m)r

Load

p.f. = 1

Source
I R

Load
VD = IR Cos == Cos(mV/A/m)r

p.f. = Cos

Source

Load

p.f. = Cos

VD = IR Cos + I X Sin ==Cos(mV/A/m)r + Sin(mV/A/m)x

Why Need to Control Voltage Drop


1. Meet the relevant Code (CP5: 525-01-02) 2. Maintain Proper Operation (CP5: 525-01-01) 3. Operate Best Efficiency

4. Safety Operation
5. Optimize Life Span 6. Reduce Energy Loss 7. Reduce Heat

Ways to Minimize Voltage Drop


1. Reduce Route Length

2. Bigger Cable
3. Lower Conductor Resistivity 4. Lower Cable Reactance

5. Boost up Supply Voltage


6. Use Higher Supply Voltage 7. Parallel Circuit 8. Reduce Temperature of Operation 9. Review Installation Method

Voltage Drop Vs Distribution Arrangement


Each Load = 100A Distance of Each Load = 3m

N
DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENT Min. V.D. Max. V.D. Installation Cost RADIAL 0.23 % 0.92 % 100 %

N
RISER 0.18 % 0.47 % 180 %)

N
SUBDISTRIBUTION 0.13 % 0.39 % 170 %

N
RING 0.11 % 0.28 % 210 %

Voltage Drop Vs Different Type of Distribution Means


Load = 100A

Distance = 100m

DISTRIBUTION MEANS V.D.% Installation Cost

PVC CABLE 0.52 % 100 %

XLPE 0.73% 120 %

FR 0.73 % 130 %

Cu BUSBAR 0.07% 210 %

A1. BUSBAR 0.12% 180%

Voltage Drop Limit


10%

CP5
V.D.

525.01
4% = 6%
6%
4%

Supply Utility Voltage Regulation

Most Electrical Appliance Operate properly within Voltage Regulation = 10% V.D. Limit = 4%
6%

V.D.

Typical Allowable Voltage Drop


1.0% 1.0%

10%

2.5%
3.0% 1.5%

3% 3.0% 1% 4%

Final Circuit Voltage Drop Sub-Main Voltage Drop

6% Supply Utilities Voltage Regulation


6% 6% 6% 6% 6%

Lift/Escalator

Lighting Small Power

ACMV MCC

Fire Pump

UPS Load

Voltage Drop at Steady State / Transient Condition


3%

Load

3% M

3% M

3%

Load

2%

SB

2%

SB

1%

1%

Voltage Drop at Steady State / Transient Condition


3%

5%

Load

3% M

3%

6%

4%

3% 6%

Load

2%
4%

SB

2%
3%

SB

1% 2% N N

1%
2%

Voltage Drop with Consideration of Cable Reactance


2.5%
0.3%

1.2%
2.5% 1.6% 2.2% 1.3%

2.5%

0.9%

6mm2

16mm2

25mm2

240mm2

500mm2

(Voltage Drop)r = IR

(Less Than 16sq mm)

(Voltage Drop) R , X, Cos = IRCos + I X Sin

Voltage Drop with Temperature Correction


Cable (R & X) data given @ Rated Cable Temp. (e.g. 70oC Conductor Temp. for PVC Cable-30oC Ambient)

I
Load

Temp

V.D.

30m

Ambient Temp = 25oC I(design)=20A 1/c 10sqmm PVC cable I(table) =59A (mV/A/m)r=3.8mV/A/m

VD=3.8mV*20A*30m=2.28V

Voltage Drop with Temperature Correction


Cable (R & X) data given @ Rated Cable Temp. (e.g. 70oC Conductor Temp. for PVC Cable-30oC Ambient)

I
Load

Temp
T20A tambient = o t70 C t reference
T20A =

R
I2 design I2 table

V.D.

30m

tambient + I2 design I2 table 25 + 202 592

(t70oC treference) (70 30)

Ambient Temp = 25oC I(design)=20A 1/c 10sqmm PVC cable I(table) =59A (mV/A/m)r=3.8mV/A/m VD=3.8mV*20A*30m=2.28V

= = 29.6oC

Voltage Drop with Temperature Correction


The Corrected TV.D at 29.6oC is: (TVDr)
29.6oC

= (TVDr) = 3.8 x 0.86 = 3.27

230 + 29.6 230 + 70

VD

= (TVDr Cos ) x I x L 1000 = 3.27 x 0.8 x 20 x 30 1000 = 1.57 V = 69% of (VD/A/m)r only

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