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CBSE Class 12 Physics Project Transformer Complete

The document is a physics project on transformers, detailing their principles, construction, working, types, efficiency, and applications. It includes a certificate of completion, acknowledgments, a solved numerical problem, and a conclusion emphasizing the importance of transformers in power systems. Additionally, it contains a section for viva voce questions and a bibliography for reference.

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19 views8 pages

CBSE Class 12 Physics Project Transformer Complete

The document is a physics project on transformers, detailing their principles, construction, working, types, efficiency, and applications. It includes a certificate of completion, acknowledgments, a solved numerical problem, and a conclusion emphasizing the importance of transformers in power systems. Additionally, it contains a section for viva voce questions and a bibliography for reference.

Uploaded by

xyzian7654
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

PHYSICS PROJECT

Topic: TRANSFORMER

Name: Vaibhav
Class: XII
Subject: Physics
Board: CBSE
Session: 2025–26
School: ____________________
Roll No.: __________
Certificate
This is to certify that Vaibhav, a student of Class XII, has successfully completed the Physics project titled
'Transformer' as per the CBSE syllabus under the guidance of the subject teacher.

Teacher's Signature: ____________


Student's Signature: ____________
Acknowledgement
I express my sincere gratitude to my Physics teacher for valuable guidance, my school for facilities, and
my parents for encouragement to complete this project.
Introduction
A transformer is an electrical device used to increase or decrease AC voltage without changing
frequency. It works on the principle of mutual induction.

Principle of Transformer
It is based on mutual induction. A changing current in the primary coil produces a changing magnetic flux
which induces EMF in the secondary coil.

Construction
A transformer consists of a primary coil, secondary coil, and a laminated soft iron core to reduce eddy
current losses.

Working
When AC is applied to the primary coil, alternating flux is produced which links the secondary coil and
induces EMF.

Types of Transformer
Step-up transformer, Step-down transformer, Power transformer, Distribution transformer.

EMF Equation
E = 4.44 f N Φm
Vs/Vp = Ns/Np

Losses in Transformer
Copper loss, hysteresis loss, eddy current loss, and leakage flux loss.

Efficiency
Efficiency (η) = (Output power / Input power) × 100. Transformers have efficiency up to 99%.

Applications
Used in power transmission, chargers, adapters, substations, and electronic devices.
Labelled Diagram of Transformer

Draw a neat, labelled diagram of a transformer in the space below. Label: Primary Coil, Secondary Coil,
Laminated Iron Core, AC Supply, Load, Magnetic Flux.

Diagram (to be drawn by student)


Viva Voce Questions
1. Why does a transformer work only on AC? 2. What is mutual induction? 3. Why is the core laminated?
4. What happens if DC is used? 5. Which transformer is used at power stations?
Solved Numerical
A transformer has 200 turns in primary and 1000 turns in secondary. If primary voltage is 220 V, find
secondary voltage. Solution: Vs/Vp = Ns/Np Vs = (1000/200) × 220 = 1100 V
Conclusion
Transformer is a vital device in electrical power systems, enabling efficient transmission of electricity with
minimum power loss.

Bibliography
1. NCERT Physics Class XII 2. Physics Laboratory Manual 3. [Link]

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