AcousticsStructure Analysis with Workbench and ANSYS
Steven Hale Senior Engineering Manager CAE Associates, Inc.
Introduction
l
This document describes a combined approach to modeling acoustics-structure interaction problems with Workbench and ANSYS.
Workbench can be used to perform the following tasks:
Import and edit the geometry Generate a mesh Assign structural material properties Apply constraints and loads to the structure Generate named selection components
The workbench model can be transferred to ANSYS for the remaining tasks which include the following:
Combine the lower order elements used in the air region with the higher order elements used in the solid region.
This is required because all acoustics elements are lower order.
Remove the midside nodes on the faces of the structural elements at the acoustic-structure interfaces (if higher-order elements are used in the structure). Create the acoustic element types and assign them to the air elements Assign all material properties to the acoustic elements Define the acoustic-structure interfaces Set up, solve, and post-process the harmonic analysis
Model Inputs
l
Acoustics element types:
FLUID29 (2D) FLUID30 (3D)
Keyopt(2) = 0: Pressure, UX, UY, UZ dof Keyopt(2) = 1: Pressure dof
Acoustics-structure interface
Use an acoustics element with keyopt(2) = 0 Apply a surface load to the interface nodes with a SF,,FSI command
Note: for improved solution efficiency, constrain the displacement dofs for all acoustics nodes on elements with keyopt(2) = 0 that are not at an interface with a structural element. This may also prevent zero pivot warnings.
Model Inputs
l
Material properties
DENS: fluid density SONC: speed of sound in the fluid
Equals the square root of the bulk modulus divided by the density
MU: boundary admittance associated with the acoustic-structure interface.
This is a dimensionless quantity between 0 and 1 that is equal to the ratio of the fluid s characteristic impedance to the real component of the specific acoustic impedance at the interface. Mu = 0 means there is no sound absorption at the interface Mu = 1 means that there is complete sound absorption. Boundary admittance only takes effect when a IMPD surface load is also applied.
l
Sound absorbing surfaces:
SF,,IMPD,1 applied to the nodes of the absorbing surface will activate the sound absorption capability. This can be applied to any mesh boundary location, not just at the acoustic-structure interface nodes. Application: Complete boundary absorption (acoustic radiation)
Set MP,MU,,1 for all acoustics elements Apply SF,,IMPD,1 only to the boundary nodes
Boundary Conditions and Harmonic Analysis
l
Loads:
F,,FLOW: Point load input to the fluid (mass/time 2 units) Do not apply both a D constraint and a F load to the same point.
Notes:
Setting PRES to zero at an acoustic boundary will define a free surface. If no PRES or fluid loads are applied to a boundary than it behaves as a symmetry plane with complete deflection of a pressure wave.
Harmonic Analysis:
Must use the FULL method (no mode superposition) Can use either PRES or FLOW forcing functions on the pure acoustics elements Can use standard structural load forcing functions on structural elements.
Mesh Density Considerations
l
Tests show that a minimum of 10 elements per wavelength are required to accurately predict the acoustic pressure amplitude.
Plane wave model shows an error of approximately 1.5% for 10 EPW. EPW = c*N/F
EPW C elements per wavelength speed of sound in the medium
N = number of elements per unit length (inverse of the element edge length) F = forcing frequency (Hz)
N = EPW*F/c
Model Setup
l
Workbench
Import geometry Create the following named selection sets
Solid for the air Surfaces at all interfaces between the air and the structures
Apply constraints and loads on the surfaces of the structural bodies.
Model Setup
l
Workbench
Generate two all-tetrahedra meshes: One with higher order tets (midside nodes kept) and one with lower order tets (midside nodes dropped).
Fluid30 elements require the dropped midside nodes
For the mesh with the higher-order tets, choose the option to use straightsided elements.
This is necessary to obtain the same mesh for both the lower and higher-order models.
This method will work if meshes consist only of tetrahedral elements, so you must insert a Method item under mesh to force an all-tetrahedra mesh.
Model Setup
l
Read each case separately into ANSYS
Case 1: Lower order tet mesh
Example: cmsel,s,eair
no midside nodes
Select the component containing the air elements Select all nodes attached to these elements
Nsle
Write this model to a ANSYS .cdb file
Example: Cdwrite,db,air,cdb
Case 2: Higher order tet mesh
Example: Cmsel,s,eair Nsle Edel,all Ndel,all
with midside nodes
Delete the air elements and their attached nodes
Select everything
Allsel 9
Model Setup
l
Combine the lower order mesh of the air with the higher order mesh of the structures:
Continuing with the previous tasks:
Import the .cdb file containing the lower-order mesh of the air
Example: cdread,db,air,cdb
Merge everything, primarily to merge nodes at the acoustic-structure interface
Nummrg,all
Perform the following tasks in ANSYS:
Create the Fluid30 element types and assign them to the air elements Assign all material properties to the Fluid30 elements Change the element attributes of the air elements at the acoustic-structure interface to use the elements with both pressure and displacement dof Execute the SF,ALL,FSI command to define the acoustic-structure interfaces Remove the midside nodes on the faces of the structural elements at the acoustic-structure interfaces.
10
Model Setup, Solution, and Post-Processing
Set up a harmonic analysis with the appropriate frequency range and number of substeps Apply a structural damping ratio Solve the analysis Post-process to obtain a plot of the maximum pressure amplitudes in the air.
11
Model Setup, Solution, and Post-Processing
l
Sample commands for performing the above tasks:
fini /prep7 et,10,30,,1 et,11,30 ! Acoustic elements: no structural dof ! Acoustic elements: with structural dof
mp,dens,10,1.13e-7 mp,sonc,10,18126 mp,mu,10,0. cmsel,s,eair ! All air elements (named selection component from Workbench) emod,all,type,10 emod,all,mat,10 cmsel,s,ntin cmsel,a,nwall cmsel,a,nmid cm,ninterface,node esln emid,remove,both ! Remove the midside nodes at the interface cmsel,r,eair emod,all,type,11 sf,all,fsi allsel ! ! Select only the air elements at the interface ! Convert them to acoustic elements with structural dof ! Select all nodes at the air-structure interface /solu ANTYPE,HARMIC !* HROPT,FULL HROUT,ON dmpr,0.02 !* HARFRQ,2000,3000, NSUBST,10, KBC,1 solve
12
