A.
Direct & Indirect Speech
1
Direct: He said, “I am tired.”
Indirect: He said that he was tired.
2
Direct: She said, “I like coffee.”
Indirect: She said that she liked coffee.
3
Direct: Rahul said, “I will come tomorrow.”
Indirect: Rahul said that he would come the next day.
4
Direct: They said, “We are watching a movie.”
Indirect: They said that they were watching a movie.
5
Direct: She said, “I can speak French.”
Indirect: She said that she could speak French.
6
Direct: “Please open the window,” he said.
Indirect: He requested me to open the window.
7
Direct: The teacher said, “Don’t make noise.”
Indirect: The teacher told the students not to make noise.
8
Direct: He asked, “Where are you going?”
Indirect: He asked where I was going.
9
Direct: Mother said, “Finish your homework.”
Indirect: Mother told me to finish my homework.
10
Direct: She said, “I have finished the project.”
Indirect: She said that she had finished the project.
B. Active & Passive Voice
1
Active: She writes a letter.
Passive: A letter is written by her.
2
Active: He is singing a song.
Passive: A song is being sung by him.
3
Active: They built a house.
Passive: A house was built by them.
4
Active: The teacher punished the student.
Passive: The student was punished by the teacher.
5
Active: I will help you.
Passive: You will be helped by me.
6
Active: We are watching a movie.
Passive: A movie is being watched by us.
7
Active: She has completed her work.
Passive: Her work has been completed by her.
8
Active: They will start the meeting.
Passive: The meeting will be started by them.
9
Active: Someone stole my bag.
Passive: My bag was stolen.
10
Active: The chef cooks the food.
Passive: The food is cooked by the chef.
Direct & Indirect Speech – Rules
1. Change of Tense
Present → Past
Past → Past Perfect
Example:
“I am happy.” → She said she was happy.
2. Change in Time Words
tomorrow → the next day
today → that day
now → then
3. Pronoun changes
Depends on who is speaking.
He said, “I like tea.” → He said he liked tea.
4. No quotation marks in indirect speech.
⭐ Tricky Examples (Direct → Indirect)
Questions
1. Direct: He asked, “Where do you live?”
Indirect: He asked where I lived.
2. Direct: She said, “Do you like music?”
Indirect: She asked if I liked music.
Orders / Commands
3. Direct: He said, “Sit down.”
Indirect: He ordered me to sit down.
Requests
4. Direct: She said, “Please help me.”
Indirect: She requested me to help her.
Exclamations
5. Direct: He said, “Wow! What a view!”
Indirect: He exclaimed with wonder that it was a beautiful view.
Active–Passive Voice Rules
1. Object becomes subject.
She helps me. → I am helped by her.
2. Use be + past participle
write → is written
teach → is taught
3. Tense is important:
Simple present → is/am/are + V₃ ( Past participle form of verb)
Present continuous → is/am/are being + V₃ ( Past participle form of verb)
Simple past → was/were + V₃ ( Past participle form of verb)
Tricky Active–Passive Examples
1. Present Perfect
Active: They have completed the task.
Passive: The task has been completed.
2. Question form
Active: Did he write the letter?
Passive: Was the letter written by him?
3. Modal verbs
Active: You should follow the rules.
Passive: The rules should be followed.
4. No agent (by + subject is omitted)
Active: Someone stole my phone.
Passive: My phone was stolen.
5. Imperative
Active: Close the door.
Passive: Let the door be closed.
QUICK Tables
1. Direct → Indirect
Direct Indirect
“I am coming.” He said he was coming.
“I will go now.” He said he would go then.
“Where are you going?” He asked where I was going.
Direct Indirect
“Don’t touch it.” He told me not to touch it.
“Please open it.” He requested me to open it.
2. Active → Passive
Active Passive
She sings a song. A song is sung by her.
They repaired the car. The car was repaired by them.
They are building a bridge. A bridge is being built.
He has written a book. A book has been written.
You must follow rules. Rules must be followed.
