IEC 61850 Tutorial

November 15, 2011

UCAIug Summit Meeting Austin, TX

IEC 61850 Technical Overview

And Summary of Other Related IEC Standards

Ralph Mackiewicz SISCO, Inc. 6605 19 Mile Road Sterling Heights, MI 48314-1408 USA Tel: +1-586-254-0020 x103 Fax: +1-586-254-0053 Email: [email protected]

Systems Integration Specialists Company, Inc.

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Acronyms
Acronyms are unavoidable when discussing communications and integration technology. It was our objective to define all acronyms before using them. If you are not certain, please ask a question.

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Ground Rules

Have a Question? Ask a Question As Needed!

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IEC TC 57 Standards

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The Goal: Interoperability and Integration

The ability of a system to exchange information with other systems and interact with each other in order to perform a useful function for the user.

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Interoperability and Integration

Easy to Achieve:

Nearly anything is possible with enough money and development effort

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A Better Way
Interoperability and Integration without having to create, support, maintain, improve, and fix it all yourself:
Where applications and devices are inherently capable of interoperating with other systems and performing integrated application functions in a cooperative and distributed manner.

This is only possible with Standards

This is the goal of the IEC TC57 standards

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Key IEC TC57 Working Groups

WG 10 - Power system IED communication and associated data models IEC 61850 Communications for power system automation
IEC TC88 IEC 61400-25 series for IEC 61850 interfaces for wind power

WG 13 - Energy management system application program interface (EMS - API)

IEC 61970 Common Information Model (CIM) and Generic Interface Definition (GID)

WG 14 - System interfaces for distribution management (SIDM)

IEC 61968 CIM for distribution and model driven messaging

WG 15 - Data and communication security

IEC 62351 Communications Security

WG 16 - Deregulated energy market communications

IEC 62325 CIM for energy markets

WG 17 - Communications Systems for Distributed Energy Resources (DER)

IEC 61850-7-420 IEC 61850 for DER applications

WG 18 - Hydroelectric power plants - Communication for monitoring and control

IEC 61850-7-410 IEC 61850 for Hydropower applications

WG 19 - Interoperability within TC 57 in the long term

TC57 strategy and coordination CIM IEC 61850 Harmonization ICCP-TASE.2 Update
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IEC 61850 Tutorial

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CIM

IEC 61850

Communications
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Strategic Vision for Integration and Interoperability

Abstract Modeling
Object and Information Models Abstract Service and Interface Models Self Description and Discovery Technology Independent Design

Security
Applying mainstream standards to TC57 standards Power system specific applications and recommendations

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IEC 61850 Tutorial

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Review of Key IEC Standards IEC 61850

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Traditional Protocol Standards

Specified how you arrange bytes on the wire in order to transfer bytes of data between a device and an application

Good News: It worked! Device communications costs were lowered.

Bad News: No standard for data representation or how devices should look and behave to network applications. Some Interoperability but not Integration

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IEC61850 is Different
IEC61850 is an object oriented substation automation standard that defines:
Standardized names Standardized meaning of data Standardized abstract services Standardized device behavior models Mapping of these abstract services and models to specific protocols profiles for: Control and Monitoring Protection Transducers

Companion Standards for:

Wind power Hydro power Distributed Energy Resources More coming: synchrophasor, SCADA, wide area protection, etc.
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IEC 61850 Object Models

IED:Relay1/MMXU1.MX.A
Current Measurements

IED:Relay1/XCBR2.CO.Pos
Breaker Position Control

A PhV
Amps Volts

A PhV
Amps Volts

Pos
Position

Pos
Position

MX

DC

ST
Status

CO
Controls

Measurements Descriptions

Logical Nodes IEC 61850 Object Names Use Power System Context
MMXU1 Measurement Unit #1 XCBR2 Circuit Breaker #2

Logical Device (e.g. Relay1)

Physical Device Named IED

(network address)

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UCAIugTerm Impact of TX 61850 Long Summit Austin, IEC Communications for Power System Automation

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Review of Key IEC Standards CIM IEC 61970 and IEC 61968

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oriented information model of the power system

Central Generating Station

Step-Up Transformer

Distribution Receiving Gas Substation Turbine Station

Microturbine

Distribution Substation

Recip Engine

Distribution Substation
Recip Engine Photo voltaics Cogeneration Fuel cell

Commercial

Batteries Industrial Residential Commercial

Flywheel

UML Unified Modeling Language

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UCAIugScope of Austin, TX Summit CIM

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CIM Packages

IEC 61970 from IEC TC57 WG13

Core SCADA

Load
IEC 61968 from IEC TC57 WG14

Protection Financial

Assets (metering)

Documentation

Outage

Wires

Energy IEC 62325 from IEC TC57 WG16 Reservation

Scheduling

Consumer

Core2

Generation

Measurements

ERP

OAG

Domain

Topology

Market

Operations

Distribution
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EMS, Transmission & Planning IEC 61850 Tutorial

Markets (Euro & NA)

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CIM - What It Is -- And Isnt

CIM model defines:
Object Classes Object Attributes Relationships to other classes

CIM is not:
a database (object or relational) A method to store data, only a method to organize it. Primarily used for interfaces to exchange data Not necessary for all applications to use CIM internally for their own data organization.

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IEC 61970 Standards

IEC 61970-301 CIM UML Model IEC 61970-401 Requirements and use cases for info exchange interfaces IEC 61970-402 Common Services Generic IEC 61970-403 Generic Data Access (GDA) Interface IEC 61970-404 High Speed Data Access (HSDA) Definition IEC 61970-405 Generic Eventing and Subscription (GES) (GID) IEC 61970-407 Time Series Data Access (TSDA) IEC 61970-452 Power System Model Exchange Profile (Common Power System Model CPSM) IEC 61970-453 CIM based graphics exchange (one-line diagrams) IEC 61970-501 CIM XML Syntax: UML XML using RDF schema IEC 61970-552-4 CIM XML Model Exchange for full, partial and incremental

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Models, Profiles and Exchange Syntax

CIM UML Model Information model contains all elements needed for the use case
From the standard And extensions if needed

Contextual Layer that restricts the model as needed by the use case Profile
Restrictions Identify mandatory and optional elements Cannot add to the model

Syntax to suit the use case This is what is tested CIM-RDF Schema
Used to specify file formats (full model, partial model, or incremental model) Message syntax Mapping to technology (e.g. RDF)

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How is CIM Used?

Power System Model Exchange between neighboring utilities and ISO/RTOs Definition of Messages for exchange over an ESB Common Data Exchange Model for Application Integration

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IEC 61968 Standards

IEC 61968-1 Interface Architecture and General Requirements IEC 61968-100 Web Service, JMS, and Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) Implementation Profile IEC 61968-11 Common Information Model for Distribution IEC 61968-13 Common Distribution Power System Model (CDPSM) profile for model exchange
Uses IEC 61970-501 and IEC 61970-552-4 Analogous to IEC 61970-452

IEC 61968-14 Mapping to Multispeak

Multispeak is a set of non-CIM messages that have been used in USA

IEC 61968 Parts 3 through 10 Interface Standards

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UCAIug Summit Austin, TX IEC 61968 Interface Standards for the Smart Grid
Distribution Management Business Functions Business Functions External To Distribution Management
(EMS) Energy Management & Energy Trading (SC) Supply Chain & Logistics (AM) Records & Asset Management (OP) Operational Planning & Optimization (MC) Maintenance & Construction

(NO) Network Operations

(RET) Retail

Interface Standard Part 3

Interface Standard Part 4

Interface Standard Part 5

Interface Standard Part 6

Interface Standard Part 10

Interface Standard Part 10

Interface Standard Part 10

IEC 61968-1-x Compliant Middleware Services

Interface Standard Part 7 Interface Standard Part 8 Interface Standard Part 9 Interface Standard Part 10 Interface Standard Part 10 Interface Standard Part 10 Interface Standard Part 10

(NE) Network Extension Planning

(CS) Customer Support

(MR) Meter Reading & Control

(ACT) Customer Account Management

(FIN) Financial

(PRM) Premises

(HR) Human Resources

Electric Distribution Network, Planning, Constructing, Maintaining, and Operating 26

Generation and Transmission Management, Enterprise Resource Planning, Supply Chain, and General Corporate Services
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IEC Communications Security IEC 62351

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IEC 62351 Communications Security

Specifications for securing IEC TC57 protocols for:
Strong Application Level Authentication using digital certificates Confidentiality via encryption using transport layer security (TLS) Prevention of spoofing via use of digitally signed connection messages

Supports:
IEC 61850 profiles for: TCP/IP (Core ACSI Services: reporting, controls, settings, etc.) GOOSE protection messaging Sample Values process bus messaging ICCP IEC 60870-6 TASE.2 using TCP/IP IEC 60870-5-104 using TCP/IP Also works with DNP3

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UCAIug Summit Austin, TX Open Smart Grid Users Group UtilitiSec Working Group
Advanced Security Acceleration Project for the Smart Grid (ASAP-SG)
Provide security guidelines for smart grid applications and the strategies and guiding principles used in their creation.

AMI Security Task Force

Focused on AMI security

Goals:
deliver security guidelines before its too late (e.g., before costly investments have already been made in infrastructure that cannot be updated) supply security guidance that is as broadly applicable as possible, regardless of the size of a utility or the particular technologies used supply actionable guidance for procurement activities in a form that is easily put to use by utility and vendor communities

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IEC 61850 and CIM: Overview, How They Fit, and Harmonization

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CIM versus IEC 61850: What they define

CIM
Detailed Power System Topology Asset Model Consumer and load models Financial Scheduling and transactions Market operations Work management SCADA and Measurements GIS Location Business Messaging (WG14)

IEC 61850
Power System Topology Model Device Configuration Description Device Models Service Models Reporting Controls Protection Performance/Requirements Object and Data Naming Conventions Protocols

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CIM Asset-Power System Models & IEC 61850 Device Models
IEC 61970/68 CIM
Power System Models

IEC 61850
Power System Models

WG19 Harmonization

Asset, trading, etc.

Device Models

Measurements
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CIM versus IEC 61850: What they define

CIM
Enterprise Power System Connectivity Asset Model Consumer and load models Financial Scheduling and transactions Market operations Work management SCADA and Measurements GIS Location Business Messaging (WG14)

IEC 61850
Substation Power System Connectivity Device Configuration Description Device Models Service Models Reporting Controls Protection Performance/Requirements Object and Data Naming Conventions Protocols

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CIM Based Modeling Tool

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IEC 61850 Based Modeling Tool (SCL)

Logical Node Designators

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Two Different Purposes Two Solutions are OK, BUT

Detailed system wide description Model exchange for high-level systems Power flow, state estimation, etc. Market operations Planning and system design IEC 61850 Tutorial

Substation design and modeling Device configuration management Protection and device control SCADA, protection, & control data exchange

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CIM and IEC 61850 Difference in Topology

Are these the same objects?

IEC 61970-301 EMS Diagram IEC 61850-6-1 SCL Diagram

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Why the need for persistent IDs

IEC 61850-6-1 Substation Configuration Language (SCL) files are used to define substation power system toplogy and IED functions and configuration. SCL files have internal referential integrity through the use of names. When merged/imported into a unified model, names can be duplicated. It is difficult to pick up changes if the name changes. CIM uses GUIDs GUIDs are the better solution Common usage Not ambiguous Isolates identification of objects from names
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Other Harmonization Issues

IEC 61850 use of SI Units to be brought into CIM Adding topological elements to IEC 61850 and CIM to enable easier path back and forth
All IEC 61850 topology is within a substation

References from CIM objects (like Protection Relay) to IEC 61850 objects formalized
Enables unified model of settings, configuration, and SCADA tags

Unification of control functions that work on power systems resources to IEC 61850 controls and services

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Why do CIM and IEC 61850 Need to fit together better?

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Simplified Planning Process

New Subdivision & Shopping Mall

Studies on Existing Systems

Well defined processes and tools for designing new power system extensions, simulating their impact, defining new contingencies, etc.

Design New Systems

Studies on New Systems

Finalize New Design Submit Prints, specs

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Moving Design to Operations

Since the advent of the CIM the ability to move models from planning to operations (and vice-a-versa) in a multi-vendor environment has improved.
To be expected through use of standards. Eventually enable wide exchange of planning models like ENTSO-E and WECC.

EMS and planning use a set of tools that have been harmonized to enable the flow of information between them.

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Moving the Design to Substations

Power system engineers use a completely different set of tools supporting a completely different set of standards to define the substation automation and protection systems.
IEC 61850 Tutorial

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Its About Productivity

The effort and knowledge put into the planning and operations models that isnt embodied in the one-line diagrams is lost and has to be transferred manually into the substation design through the engineering process duplicating previous effort.

If the tools used a common set of standards the flow of information can be automated enabling topology, SCADA, protection, communications, settings, etc. to be preserved and leveraged through the engineering process.

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Questions - Discussion

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Benefits of IEC 61850

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Legacy Substation Network Architecture

Application 1 Application 2
External Applications

?
Tag Data Base
Driver 1 Driver 2 Driver 3

Gateway/RTU IED IED IED IED

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IED
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Legacy Substation Architecture

Specialized point to point links to IEDs. Applications must deal with numerous:
Protocols Data Formats Data Addressing

Protocols used have limited capabilities and required custom/proprietary extensions. Difficult or no access point for other apps. Communication path must be reconfigured when new devices or applications are added.

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UCAIug Summit Austin, TX IEC61850 Network Architecture

Substation Applications

Network Hub

IED

IED

IED

Gateway

IED

IED Legacy Devices

IED

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UCAIug Summit Austin, TX IEC61850 Network Architecture

Data from IEDs available to all applications via network. Communications path unaffected when adding devices or applications. Standard networking gear provides high performance, flexibility, & environmental protection. Applications and IEDs share common:
Protocols Data Format and Context Data Addressing/naming Conventions Configuration Language

RTUs become data concentrators that mirror IED data to higher level systems without complex configuration.

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Legacy SCADA View of Data

Applications
Flat set of tags

Applications Access Data by Tag

Device Addressing or SCADA Tag Data Base

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Feeder #2 Current is here in Register 400020. Thats intuitive!?

Device
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Legacy Object Mapping

Legacy data objects must be manually mapped to power system for each different device, application, and vendor.
Legacy Device
R400040 R400041 Phase A Voltage R400042 R400043 R400044 R400045 Local/Remote Status R400046 R400047 R400048 R400049 R40004A R40004B

Power System Functions

Measurements

Phase B Voltage Phase C Voltage

Controls

Breaker Position Blocked Open Activate Phase A

Protection

Activate Phase B Activate Phase C

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Proprietary tag formats. Arcane addressing:
Driver Wire Rack Device Register/Index # Network

Manually entered. Manually verified. Applications tied to tag or free form alias. Any user tag conventions are proprietary.

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UCAIug Summit Austin, TX Anatomy of an IEC61850 Object Model

IED:Relay1/MMXU1.MX.A
Current Measurements

IED:Relay1/XCBR2.CO.Pos
Breaker Position Control

A PhV
Amps Volts

A PhV
Amps Volts

Pos
Position

Pos
Position

MX

DC

ST
Status

CO
Controls

Measurements Descriptions

Logical Nodes IEC 61850 Object Names Use Power System Context
MMXU1 Measurement Unit #1 XCBR2 Circuit Breaker #2

Logical Device (e.g. Relay1)

Physical Device Named IED

(network address)

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IEC61850 View of Devices

Brand X
IOC Relay

Brand Y
Diff Relay

PIOC

Measurements MMXU1

PDIF

Measurements MMXU1

ST

DC

DC

MX

ST

DC

DC

MX

Mod

Mod

PhV

PhV

Mod

Mod

PhV

PhV

MMXU1.MX.PhV IEC61850 Name for Phase-to-Ground Voltage Measurements

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IEC 61850 Object Mapping

NO MANUAL MAPPING NEEDED: IEC61850 objects already portray the power system context.

IEC61850 Device

LD
MX.A.PhsA.cVal.mag.f MMXU1 MX.A.PhsB.cVal.mag.f MX.A.PhsC.cVal.mag.f ST.Loc.stVal XCBR1 ST.Pos.stVal ST.BlkOpn.stVal ST.Op.phsA PIOC1 ST.Op.phsB ST.Op.phsC

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IEC61850 View of Devices

Only network addressing requires configuration in the remote client. Point names portray the meaning and hierarchy of the data with no mapping to I/O required. Point names can be retrieved from the device automatically without manual intervention. All devices share a common naming convention. Device configurations can be exchanged using IEC61850-6-1 (SCL) files

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More on SCL (IEC61850-6)

SCL Substation Configuration Language a standardized method of describing
Substation power systems Device configuration

SCL can be used to unambiguously describe user requirements for systems and devices. SCL can be used to configure applications without connecting to devices. SCL enables third party tools for configuration promoting choice and flexibility. Enables a model-driven approach to power system engineering that preserves system knowledge and applies it to reducing configuration and commissioning costs.
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Benefits
Reduced configuration costs:
Eliminates most manual configuration via automatic point name retrieval from devices Common naming and object models eliminates ambiguity and manual mapping of data points.

Equipment migrations occur with minimal impact on applications. Application changes have minimal effect on devices, network or other applications. Users can specify equipment more precisely eliminating delays and costly rework. Adapting SCL into the engineering process enables more effective design and commissioning resulting in higher productivity and higher value to the enterprise.
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Justification
Description
Equipment Purchase Installation Configuration Equipment Migration Engineering & Design
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Legacy $ $$ $$$ $$$ $$$

IEC61850

Impact + + + +

$$ $ $ $ $

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Small Co-op Experience

Substation Modernization Pilot did 2 substations
DNP3.0 over TCP and UDP IEC 61850

Time to get DNP3 relay communicating: ~ 1 day Time to get IEC61850 relay communicating: 20 minutes

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Large Midwestern Utility

Using Legacy Protocols:
Significant more manpower to configure/install an relays using legacy RTU protocols.

Using IEC61850:
Press a button and retrieve the point list from the devices.no need for an RTU. Higher performance, more automation, better protection Network devices and configuration at much lower cost. Instead of spending time configuring relays they are automating more substations.

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Relay to Relay Applications

Protection Messaging a.k.a. Peer-to-Peer messaging

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Breaker

Relay 2 1
Breaker

2 5 6 Relay 3 3 Relay 4 Hardwired signals for relay to relay links

Breaker Breaker

Relay 1 4

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IEC61850 Network Architecture

Network Hub
GOOSE GSSE

Relay 1

Relay 2

Relay 3

Relay 4

Breaker

Breaker

Breaker

Breaker

GOOSE - Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (data sets) GSSE Generic Substation Status Event (status)

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IEC61850 Network Architecture

Relays share a common network making sophisticated protection schemes possible even across very large distances.

Number of links for N relays is N and shared with SCADA.

Relays send their status to all other relays at once using GOOSE.

Status exchanged continuously.

High performance.

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Benefits
Reduction of wiring costs More flexible programming is independent of wiring Reliability: Link status known before use. New capabilities not cost-effective with hardwired systems. Higher performance with more data.

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Justification
Description
Equipment Purchase Installation Programming Protection changes Flexibility

Legacy $ $$$ $ $$$ $$$

IEC61850

Impact + 0 + +

$$ $ $ $ $

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Transducer Interfaces Process Bus

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Legacy Approach

Protection Relay
A/D
Voltages and currents

Bay Controller
A/D
Voltages and currents

A/D

Input
Breaker Status

A/D

Input
Breaker Status

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Legacy Approach
Individually and redundantly wired to all devices needing the same signals:
CTs PTs Status Inputs Outputs

Each individual sensor must be calibrated and maintained separately. Incremental cost is exponential (signals x devices) Result is minimization of I/O Analog signal wiring constraints

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IEC61850 Approach
Bay Controller
Ethernet

Protection Relay
Ethernet

Fault Recorder
Ethernet

RTU
Ethernet

9-2 Process Bus Ethernet

Merging Unit
A/D
Voltages and currents

A/D

Input
Breaker Status

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IEC61850-9-2 Process Bus

Transducer and I/O signals are shared via a network.

Only one transducer or I/O point per signal.

Minimization of calibration and maintenance.

Incremental cost is linear (signals only)

CT/PT signals can be sent across long distances

Future: Integrated merging unit with digital fiber optic transducers

IEC 61850 Tutorial

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Justification
Description
Equipment Purchase Installation Configuration Flexibility

Legacy $$ $$$ $$ $$$

IEC61850

Impact + + + +

$ $ $ $

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Conclusion
IEC61850 substation architectures provide significant benefits to users. Key intangible: flexibility to accomplish new objectives that are too costly (or not possible) with legacy technology. Justification is challenging but realistic.

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Questions - Discussion

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IEC61850 Summary

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What is IEC61850?
A comprehensive standard for the application of modern networking technology to electric power substation automation including:
Requirements Configuration Protocols Testing Highly functional supporting most useful power system functions. Object oriented standardized device and object models and naming conventions. Self-describing devices allow all object definitions to be retrieved over the wire. Standardized configuration language. Uses Ethernet and TCP/IP networking.

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Why is IEC 61850 Different?

If adapted fully, IEC 61850 is a new process for substation automation and engineering that is designed to lower costs of engineering, implementation, and maintenance of substation systems.

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IEC 61850 is Growing

IEC 61400-25 Wind Power IEC 61850-7-410 Hydro Power IEC 61850-7-420 Distributed Energy Resources IEC 61850 -80-1 Gateway mapping to IEC 60870-5-101/104 IEC 61850-90-1 Using IEC 61850 between substations IEC 61850-90-2 Using IEC 61850 from control center to substation IEC 61850-90-5 GOOE and Process Bus over IP Multicast for Synchrophasor Communications (including certificate distribution)

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New Name for IEC 61850

Edition 2 of IEC 61850 is renamed:

Communication Networks And Systems For Power Utility Automation

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IEC61850 Data Model

IED:Relay1/MMXU1.MX.A
Current Measurements

IED:Relay1/XCBR2.CO.Pos
Breaker Position Control

A PhV
Amps Volts

A PhV
Amps Volts

Pos
Position

Pos
Position

MX

DC

ST
Status

CO
Controls

Measurements Descriptions

Logical Nodes IEC 61850 Object Names Use Power System Context
MMXU1 Measurement Unit #1 XCBR2 Circuit Breaker #2

Logical Device (e.g. Relay1)

Physical Device Named IED

(network address)

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IEC61850 Layered Standard

Device Object Models - IEC61850-7-3, 7-4

Abstract

Device Model

Data Objects

Data Types

Naming Conventions

Abstract Service Model - IEC61850-7-2

Associate Reporting Self-Description

Control

Data Set

Logs

M A P P I N G
Mapping to MMS Protocol - IEC61850-8-1
Write
VariableList

Real

Initiate

InfoReport.

GetNameList

Journals

Communication Stack Profiles

ISO/OSI protocol stack TCP / IP protocol stack

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Benefits of Abstraction and Layering

Abstract models are independent of the protocol and can be used outside of protocol applications (SCADA tag naming convention) Enables definition beyond just the bytes on the wire to incorporate naming and behavior Each layer can be optimized independently Enables protocols to be separated from application functions to enable use of existing standards (Ethernet, TCP/IP, etc.) Enables use of the abstract concepts to other protocols/systems in the future as technology changes.

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Other Protocol Mappings Possible

Device Object Models - IEC61850-7-3, 7-4

Abstract

Device Model

Data Objects

Data Types

Naming Conventions

Abstract Service Model - IEC61850-7-2

Associate Reporting Self-Description

Control

Data Set

Logs

M A P P I N G
Mapping to Web Services

Real

New XML

OPC XML

OPC Browse

OPC XML

OPC Group

OPC XML

Web Services http/SOAP/OPC XML

TCP / IP protocol stack

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Why MMS for IEC61850-8-1

Real-time control needs more robust and higher performance communications than offered by http and XML. MMS was ahead of its time in 1988. MMS remains the only standardized protocol specification capable of supporting the IEC 61850 requirements for service, complex named data, and performance.

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MMS
Manufacturing Message Specification
ISO 9506 Developed in 1988 by ISO TC184 Originally developed for industrial automation V2002 of MMS is used for IEC 61850 Larger Object Names Eliminated restrictions on Journals (logs) UTC time format

Supervisory control and real-time data access

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MMS Objects
Virtual Manufacturing Device (VMD) A server that contains objects Variable Named complex variables that are self describing. Named Variable List (NVL) A collection of variables Domain A resource that may contain other objects. Journal A time based record of variables.

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Basic MMS Services

Associate/Conclude/Abort
Make/break connections between client and server

Read/Write
Variables and NVL

InformationReport
Send an unsolicited Read response to a client

ReadJournal
Query a historical log of variable data

GetNameList/GetObjectAttributes
Get the definition of an object

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IEC 61850 Features

Client Server Communications:
Clients can retrieve all data object definitions and device behavioral information over the wire with minimal configuration Simple and complex data access using standardized object names using power system context for the majority of substation functions required. Named data sets to collect data elements into groups for reporting. Buffered and Unbuffered report by exception of Data Sets configurable by clients via named control blocks. Comprehensive control modes including direct and SBO with or without enhanced security. Logs for event data with configurable access by clients via named control blocks. Named control blocks for clients to control multi-cast messaging (GOOSE) Named control blocks for clients to control process bus messaging of sampled values Settings group controls via named control blocks enabling client control of settings. Substitution functions enabling clients to override values for status and measurements.
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IEC 61850 Features

Multi-cast messaging enables devices to broadcast status, control, and I/O information to many devices simultaneously:
Generic Substation Status Event (GSSE) supports distribution of 2-bit status information over the station bus. Generic Object Oriented Status Event (GOOSE) supports distribution of a user defined data sets over the station bus. Typically user configurable in the device. Sampled Values (SV) supports distribution of time sampled data such as measurements, status, and other I/O signals over a separate process bus Unicast services for these functions enable verification and discovery of the data contained in the multi-cast messages without requiring client/server communications.

Standardized XML based substation configuration language (SCL) for exchange of power system and device configuration information using a standard format. IEC 61850-6

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IEC 61850 Profiles

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IEC 61850 Ed. 1 Profiles

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IEC 61850 Profiles Ed.2

IEEE 1588

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Two Party Application Association

Client

Client

Client

Maximum # of TPAA Supported

SERVER

From IEC61850-7-2

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Multi-Cast Application Association

Subscribing Application

Network A B B C C D
2 MCAAs 1 Service Access Point

Publishing SERVER

Publishing SERVER

Publishing

SERVER

Service: send Data (unconfirmed)

IEC 61850 Tutorial

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Some Terms
Network Access Methods:
Master Slave a master controls slave access to the network (e.g. DNP3) Peer-to-peer any entity may send data to any other peer entity on the network without having to coordinate with a master (TCP/IP-Ethernet).

Client-Server defines roles between 2 peers on a network.

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Client/Server Architecture
Service Primitives
Server:
A device or application that maintains data objects and performs operations on behalf of clients. Service primitives: Indication and Response.
1

Client

Network
2
Request
Indication

Server

Client Sends Request

Server Receives Indication

Client:
A networked application or device that asks for data or an action from the server. Service primitives: Request and Confirmation.
5 Client Receives Confirmation (+) or (-)

Server Takes Action

4
Confirm Response

Server Sends Response (+) or (-)

Request Indication are identical Response Confirmation are identical

Differ only in direction

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Unconfirmed Service
A Report is when a server sends data without a client request.

In IEC 61850-8-1 reports are mapped to the MMS InformationReport service

InformationReport is essentially a way to send the data from a Read response without the client having to ask for it

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IEC 61850 and Ethernet

Brief Overview of Ethernet for IEC 61850

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Ethernet and the 7 (9) Layer Model

9. Environment (Power Systems)

8. User (IEC 61850) 7. Application (MMS) 6. Presentation 5. Session 4. Transport 3. Network 2. Data Link 1. Physical
Logical Link Control (LLC) EtherType
Media Access Control (MAC) IEEE 802.3 Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)

Network Media
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Ethernet Physical Layer Standards

10BaseT - Twisted pair - CAT 5 cable (IEEE 802.3) 10BaseFl - Multi-mode fiber (IEEE 802.3) @ 850nm 10Base2 - Thin wire coax (IEEE 802.3) 10Base5 - Thick wire coax (IEEE 802.3) 100BaseTx - Twisted pair CAT 5 cable (IEEE 802.3u) 100BaseSx Multi-mode fiber @ 850nm 100BaseT4 - Twisted pair CAT 3 cable (IEEE 802.3u) 100BaseFx - Multi-mode fiber @ 1330nm (IEEE 802.3u) 1000BaseF - Multi-mode fiber (IEEE 802.3z and ab) Gig-E 10000BaseF - Multi-mode fiber (IEEE 802.3ae)
Numerous others and more coming all the time IEC 61850 is flexible to accommodate them IEC 61850 Tutorial

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Redundant Port Implementations

Redundant Port: 2 independent Ethernet ports with 2 different addresses MAC 1 IP Addr - 1 Ethernet1 Ethernet2 MAC 2 IP Addr - 2

Redundant Media: 1 Ethernet port with switched media MAC 1 IP Addr - 1 Ethernet Switches on loss of Ethernet link pulses Primary Back-Up

Redundant Media is Common - Easy to Configure for Redundancy

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Redundant Network Configuration

Ethernet Switch

Ethernet Switch

Ethernet Switch

Ethernet Card

The time to rebuild MAC tables after failure is critical feature of the switches

WAN

WAN

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Emerging Approach Embedded Switching

E-Net1

E-Net2

E-Net1

E-Net2

E-Net1

E-Net2

Switch

Switch

Switch

IED

IED

IED

HSR High-Speed Redundancy Ethernet uses this kind of approach to avoid the delay of rebuilding the MAC tables on a failure

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Send to both PDU PRP Header

LAN A

LAN B

First PRP frame in is delivered

PRP Cache PDU

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EtherType Packet Structure used by GOOSE

8 Bytes Preamble 6 Bytes DA 6 Bytes SA 4 Bytes 2 Bytes Type/Length 46-1500 Bytes Data and Pad 4 Bytes Frame Check

802.1Q

2 Bytes

2 Bytes

TAG Protocol Identifier

User Priority CFI

3 Bits 1 Bit

VLAN ID
12 Bits

TAG CONTROL INFORMATION

4 bytes added to the Ethernet frame Tag Protocol Identifier (TPID) set to 8100 hex identifies an 802.1Q message type 12 bits used for VLAN Identifier 3 bits used for Priority 8 levels CFI = 0 for Ethernet
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VLANs
VLANs: Are logical groupings of nodes that reside in a common broadcast domain Virtual because the VLAN is artificially created and the nodes need not be physically located on the same switch or even reside in the same building, but Nodes that are members behave like they are connected together by one layer 2 bridge or switch A router is required to communicate between the two VLANs

VLAN ABE
Repeater 3 Repeater 1 Repeater 2 Segment 1 A B Segment 2 C D E Segment 3 F G

VLAN CDFG

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Ethernet Priority
Ethernet 802.1q provides a priority setting High priority messages are moved to the priority queue Specified in IEC GOOSE and Implemented in GE Multilink Switch

Ethernet Switch

Port 5

15 sec
Port 1 Port 2 Port 3

Port 6 Msg 1 New Msg 1 2 Msg 2 3 4 Msg 3 Msg 4 Port 4

New New high priority message for Port 6

Courtesty of GE Multilin
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IEC 61850 Standard and Object Models

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IEC61850 Substation Architecture

Station Bus

10/100/1000 MB Ethernet

Relay(s) Subscribe to Datasets

Relay IED

Relay IED
Process Bus

Relay IED

Remote Remote Access Access

MU Publishes V/I/Status Datasets

Network Network

.1/1/10GB Ethernet

Clk1 Clk1

MU MU

MU MU

MU MU

Clk2 Clk2

PT1 I/O Optical CT

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PT2 I/O CT2

Optical I/O Optical PT CT

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IEC61850 Base Standard

Basic principles Glossary General Requirements System and project management Communication requirements Substation Automation System Configuration Basic Communication Structure Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 Part 5 Part 6 Part 7

Part 8

Mapping to MMS and Ethernet

Sampled Measured Values

Mapping to Ethernet

Part 9

Conformance testing

Part 10

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IEC 61850 Standard Extensions

IEC 61850-7-4XX: Extensions for a specific application
IEC 61850-7-410: Hydropower IEC 61850-7-420: Distributed Energy Resources

IEC 61850-80-X: Permanent Technical Reports

IEC 61850-80-1: Mapping IEC 60870-5-101/104 to IEC 61850

IEC 61850-90-X: Future extensions to base IEC 61850 standards

Issued as technical reports outside of the normal revision cycle for the IEC 61850 base standard. Specify future enhancements to the base and enables early adaption without having to wait for the base to be updated. IEC 61850-90-1 Using IEC 61850 between substations IEC 61850-90-2 Using IEC 61850 from control center to substation IEC 61850-90-5 GOOE and Process Bus over IP Multicast
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IEC61850 Communications Parts

Part 6: Substation Configuration Language (SCL) Part 7-2: Abstract Communications Service Interface (ACSI) and base types Part 7-3: Common Data Classes (CDC) Part 7-4: Logical Nodes (LN) Part 7-4XX: Other LNs and CDCs Part 8-1: Specific Communications Service Mappings (SCSM) - MMS & Ethernet Part 9-2: SCSM - Sampled Values over Ethernet Part 10-1: Conformance Testing

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IEC61850 Virtual Model

From IEC61850-7-1

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IEC61850 Class Model in UML

Name ObjectName ObjectReference SERVER

Contains LDs and files

1 1..*

Inheritance

Containment Heirarchy

LOGICAL-DEVICE (LD)
1 3..*

LOGICAL-NODE (LN)
1 1..*

Contains all other objects

DATA

1 1..*

DataAttribute

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UCAIug Summit Austin, TX Logical Device Structure

IEC61850 Clients

IEC61850 Server
Client Functions

Physical Device
1 to N Logical Devices Logical Device

Logical Device

Logical Node

...

Logical Node

Logical Node

...

Logical Node

Data Data

Data Data

Data Data

Data Data

Communications Driver Process Bus

Field Signals
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Legacy Device
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Logical Node

A named grouping of data and associated services that is logically related to some power system function.

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Examples of Logical Nodes

Current Transformer Voltage Transformer

Breaker

Breaker Breaker Switch Controller

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Logical Nodes Contain Data

Name ObjectName ObjectReference SERVER

1 1..*

LOGICAL-DEVICE (LD)
1 3..*

LOGICAL-NODE (LN)
1 1..*

DATA

1 1..*

DataAttribute

We are going to start from the bottom up and build up the logical node definitions starting with Common Data Classes (CDC) and their attributes.

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Common Data Classes

CDC
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Common Data Classes (CDC)

Defines structure for common types that are used to describe data objects. CDC are complex objects built on predefined simple base types organized into functional constraints (FC) Examples:
Single point status (SPS) on/off Double point status (DPS) on/off/transient

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IEC61850 Base Types
Name
BOOLEAN INT8 INT16 INT24 INT32 INT128 INT64 INT8U INT16U INT24U INT32U INT64U FLOAT32 FLOAT64 ENUMERATED CODED ENUM OCTET STRING VISIBLE STRING UNICODE STRING

Value Range
True/False -128 to 127 -32,768 to 32,767 -8,388,608 to 8,388,607 -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 -2**127 to (2**127)-1 -2**63 to (2**63)-1 0 to 256 unsigned integer 0 to 65,535 unsigned integer 0 to 16,777,215 unsigned integer (fractions of second) 0 to 2,294,967,295 unsigned integer For Accumulators (V2) IEEE 754 single precision floating point IEEE 754 double precision floating point Ordered set of values, defined where used Ordered set of values, defined where used Sequence of bytes (octets) max length defined where used Visible string (ASCII) Unicode string (for non-latin languages)

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IEC 61850 TimeStamp Format GMT

4 Bytes = Second Of Century (SOC) Starting January 1, 1970
Based on the Network Time Protocol (NTP) standard There are 31,536,000 seconds/year (non-leap) 4 bytes = 4, 294,967,296 counts do not wrap for 136 years or 2106

3 Bytes = Fraction of Second

16,777,216 counts about 60nsec potential resolution

1 Byte = Quality
1 bit : Leap Seconds known 1 bit : ClockFailure 1 bit : ClockNotSynchronized 5 bits: TimeAccuracy - Number of significant bits in Fraction of Second (N)

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IEC 61850 Time Accuracy

Class Accuracy T0 10 ms T1 1 ms T2 0.1 ms T3 25 sec T4 4 sec T5 1 sec `**unspecified** Time Accuracy (N bits) N=7 N=10 N=14 N=16 N=18 N=20 N=31

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IEC 61850 Quality

MSB 13 bit Bit-String, typically stored in a 16-bit integer LSB

9 10 11 12 13 14 15
OperatorBlocked Test
Source = 0 Process = 1 Substituted

Inaccurate Inconsistent OldData Failure Oscillatory BadReference OutofRange Overflow

00 Good 01 Invalid 10 Reserved 11 Questionable

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Common Data Classes - Status
Name
SPS DPS INS ENS ACT

Description
Single Point Status Double Point Status Integer Status Enumerated Status Protection Activation Directional Protection Activation Info. Security Violation Counting Binary Counter Reading Histogram Visible String Status

Edition 2

ACD SEC BCR HST VSS

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Common Data Classes - Measurands Name
MV CMV SAV WYE DEL SEQ HMV HWYE HDEL

Description
Measured Value Complex Measured Value Sampled Value Phase to ground measured values for 3-phase system Phase to phase measured values for 3-phase system Sequence Harmonic value Harmonic value for WYE Harmonic value for DEL

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Common Data Classes - Controls Name
SPC DPC INC ENC BSC ISC APC BAC

Description
Controllable Single Point Controllable Double Point Controllable Integer Status Controllable Enumerated Status Binary Controlled Step Position Info. Integer Controlled Step Position Info. Controllable Analogue Process Value Binary Controlled Analog Process Value

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Common Data Classes Settings and Descriptions
Name
SPG ING ENG ORG TSG CUG VSG ASG CURVE CSG DPL LPL CSD

Description
Single Point Setting Integer Status Setting Enumerated Status Setting Object Reference Setting Time Setting Group Currency Setting Group Visible String Setting Analogue Setting Setting Curve Curve Shape Setting Device Name Plate Logical Node Name Plate Curve Shape Description

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Common Data Classes Control Block Service Tracking Name
CTS BTS UTS LTS GTS MTS NTS SGCB

Description
Common Service Tracking Buffered Report Tracking Service Unbuffered Report Tracking Service Log Control Block Tracking Service GOOSE Control Block Tracking Service Multicast Sampled Value (9-2) Control Block Tracking Service Unicast Sample Value (9-1) Control Block Tracking Service Setting Group Control Block Tracking Service

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Functional Constraints
There are many data attributes in an object like a breaker that have related use
Control, configuration, measurement, reporting, etc.

Functional Constraints (FC) is a property of a data attribute that characterizes the specific use of the attribute.

Useful to functionally organize data attributes to provide structure and context.

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Functional Constraints
FC Name
ST MX CO SP SV CF DC SG SE SR OR BL EX BR RP

Description
Status Information Measurands (analog values) Control Set point (settings outside setting groups) Substituted Values Configuration Description Setting Group Setting Group Editable Service Response Operate Received Blocking Extended Definition (naming read only) Buffered Report Unbuffered Report Logging GOOSE Control GSSE Control Multicast Sampled Value (9-2) Unicast Sampled Value (9-1) Used as wild card in ACSI

Replaced with Control Block Service Tracking CDCs in 7-2 8-1 reinserted for mapping to MMS
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Single Point Status (SPS)
SPS class Data Attribute name DataName DataAttribute Type FC TrgOp Value/Value range M/O/C

Inherited from GenDataObject Class or from GenSubDataObject Class (see IEC 61850-7-2)

status
stVal q t subEna subVal subQ subID BOOLEAN Quality TimeStamp BOOLEAN BOOLEAN Quality VISIBLE STRING64 BOOLEAN VISIBLE STRING255 UNICODE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 ST ST ST dchg qchg TRUE | FALSE M M M

substitution and blocked

SV SV SV SV BL TRUE | FALSE PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST O Text O O AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLN_M

Edition 2

blkEna d dU cdcNs cdcName dataNs

configuration, description and extension

DC DC EX EX EX

Attribute Name

Type

Functional Constraint

Trigger Options

Range of Values

Mandatory/ Optional

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Trigger Option (TrgOp)

Specifies the conditions under which reporting on the data attribute can be triggered.

TriggerConditions type Attribute name data-change Attribute type PACKED LIST BOOLEAN See Clause Error! Reference source not found. See Clause Error! Reference source not found. See Clause Error! Reference source not found. See Clause Error! Reference source not found. See Clause Error! Reference source not found. Value / Value Range M/O/C M M

quality-change

BOOLEAN

data-update

BOOLEAN

integrity

BOOLEAN

general-interrogation

BOOLEAN

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Logical Node Name Plate - LPL

LPL class Data attribute name DataName DataAttribute Type FC TrgOp Value/Value range M/O/C

Inherited from GenDataObject Class or from GenSubDataObject Class (see IEC 61850-7-2)

configuration, description and extension

vendor swRev d dU configRev paramRev valRev ldNs lnNs cdcNs cdcName dataNs VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 UNICODE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 INT32 INT32 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 DC DC DC DC DC ST ST EX EX EX EX EX dchg dchg shall be included in LLN0 only; for example "IEC 61850-7-4:2003" M M O O AC_LN0_M O O AC_LN0_EX AC_DLD_M AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLN_M

Edition 2

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Configuration Revision Parameters

configRev Changed whenever at least on semantic aspect of the data has changed within the Logical Device (LD) within which this LLN0 is contained. Left to the user (vendor) for other LNs.
New LNs New attributes.

paramRev Changed when the value of any editable setting (SE) or setpoint (SP) parameter is changed.
If changed via communications or local HMI the value is increased by 1. If changed via SCL import the value is increased by 10,000.

valRev changed when the value of any configuration (CF) parameter is changed.
If changed via communications or local HMI the value is increased by 1. If changed via SCL import the value is increased by 10,000. IEC 61850 Tutorial

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Device Name Plate - DPL

DPL class Data attribute name DataName DataAttribute Type FC TrgOp Value/Value range M/O/C Inherited from GenDataObject Class or from GenSubDataObject Class (see IEC 61850-7-2)

configuration, description and extension

vendor hwRev swRev serNum model location name owner ePSName VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING64 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 FLOAT32 FLOAT32 FLOAT32 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 UNICODE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC EX EX EX M O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLN_M

Edition 2

primeOper secondOper latitude longitude altitude mrID d dU cdcNs cdcName dataNs

Lat/Long in WGS84 coordinates

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SPS class Data Attribute name DataName DataAttribute Type FC TrgOp Value/Value range M/O/C Inherited from GenDataObject Class or from GenSubDataObject Class (see IEC 61850-7-2)

status
stVal q t subEna subVal subQ subID blkEna d dU cdcNs cdcName dataNs BOOLEAN Quality TimeStamp BOOLEAN BOOLEAN Quality VISIBLE STRING64 BOOLEAN VISIBLE STRING255 UNICODE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 ST ST ST dchg qchg TRUE | FALSE M M M

substitution and blocked

SV SV SV SV BL TRUE | FALSE PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST O Text O O AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLN_M

configuration, description and extension

DC DC EX EX EX

Substitution enables value and quality to be overridden by a local process or by an operator identified by subID. Status or measured values only. Not applicable to sampled values. Substition is reflected in the quality (q) of the original value.
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Double Point Status (DPS)

DPS class Data Attribute name DataName DataAttribute Type FC TrgOp Value/Value range M/O/C

Inherited from GenDataObject Class or from GenSubDataObject Class (see IEC 61850-7-2)

status
stVal q t subEna subVal subQ subID CODED ENUM Quality TimeStamp BOOLEAN CODED ENUM Quality VISIBLE STRING64 BOOLEAN VISIBLE STRING255 UNICODE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 ST ST ST dchg qchg intermediate-state | off | on | bad-state M M M

substitution and blocked

SV SV SV SV BL intermediate-state | off | on | bad-state PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST O Text O O AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLN_M

Edition 2

blkEna d dU cdcNs cdcName dataNs

configuration, description and extension

DC DC EX EX EX

2-bit pair in DPS versus boolean in SPS

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Visible String Status VSS (Edition 2)

VSS class Data Attribute name DataName DataAttribute Type FC TrgOp Value/Value range M/O/C

Inherited from GenDataObject Class or from GenSubDataObject Class (see IEC 61850-7-2)

status
stVal q t d dU cdcNs cdcName dataNs VISIBLE STRING 255 Quality TimeStamp VISIBLE STRING255 UNICODE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 ST ST ST dchg qchg Text M M M Text O O AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLN_M

configuration, description and extension

DC DC EX EX EX

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From IEC61850-7-3

Mandatory if control is supported

Optional if control is supported

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DPC class Data attribute name Type FC TrgOp Value/Value range M/O/C

Controllable Double Point DPC (Edition 2)

Edition 2

DataName DataAttribute

Inherited from GenDataObject Class or from GenSubDataObject Class (see IEC 61850-7-2)

status and control mirror

origin ctlNum stVal q t stSeld opRcvd opOk tOpOk subEna subVal subQ subID Originator INT8U CODED ENUM Quality TimeStamp BOOLEAN BOOLEAN BOOLEAN TimeStamp BOOLEAN CODED ENUM Quality VISIBLE STRING64 BOOLEAN PulseConfig CtlModels INT32U SboClasses INT32U VISIBLE STRING255 UNICODE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 ST ST ST ST ST ST OR OR OR dchg dchg dchg dchg qchg 0..255 intermediate-state | off | on | badstate AC_CO_O AC_CO_O M M M O O O O

substitution and blocked

SV SV SV SV BL intermediate-state | off | on | badstate PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST O dchg dchg dchg dchg dchg Text AC_CO_O M AC_CO_O AC_CO_O AC_CO_O O O AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLN_M

Edition 2

blkEna pulseConfig ctlModel sboTimeout sboClass

configuration, description and extension

CF CF CF CF CF DC DC EX EX EX

Edition 2

operTimeout d dU cdcNs cdcName dataNs

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DataAttribute

status and control mirror

Controllable Double Point DPC ctlVal (Edition 2)

origin ctlNum stVal q t stSeld opRcvd opOk tOpOk subEna subVal subQ subID blkEna pulseConfig ctlModel sboTimeout sboClass operTimeout d dU cdcNs cdcName dataNs Services

Originator INT8U CODED ENUM Quality TimeStamp BOOLEAN BOOLEAN BOOLEAN TimeStamp BOOLEAN CODED ENUM Quality VISIBLE STRING64 BOOLEAN PulseConfig CtlModels INT32U SboClasses INT32U VISIBLE STRING255 UNICODE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255

ST ST ST ST ST ST OR OR OR dchg dchg dchg dchg qchg 0..255 intermediate-state | off | on | badstate

AC_CO_O AC_CO_O M M M O O O O

substitution and blocked

SV SV SV SV BL intermediate-state | off | on | badstate PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST O dchg dchg dchg dchg dchg Text AC_CO_O M AC_CO_O AC_CO_O AC_CO_O O O AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLN_M

configuration, description and extension

CF CF CF CF CF DC DC EX EX EX

As defined in Table 31

parameters for control services

Service parameter name ctlVal Service parameter type BOOLEAN Value/Value range off (FALSE) | on (TRUE)

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INC class Data attribute name DataName DataAttribute Type FC TrgOp Value/Value range Inherited from GenDataObject Class or from GenSubDataObject Class (see IEC 61850-7-2)

Edition 2
M/O/C

Edition 1

status and control mirror

origin ctlNum stVal q t stSeld opRcvd opOk tOpOk subEna subVal subQ subID blkEna ctlModel sboTimeout sboClass minVal maxVal stepSize operTimeout units d dU cdcNs cdcName dataNs Originator INT8U INT32 Quality TimeStamp BOOLEAN BOOLEAN BOOLEAN TimeStamp BOOLEAN INT32 Quality VISIBLE STRING64 BOOLEAN CtlModels INT32U SboClasses INT32 INT32 INT32U INT32U Unit VISIBLE STRING255 UNICODE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 ST ST ST ST ST ST OR OR OR dchg dchg dchg dchg qchg 0..255 AC_CO_O AC_CO_O M M M O O O O

substitution and blocked

SV SV SV SV BL PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST O dchg dchg dchg dchg dchg dchg dchg dchg Text 1 (maxVal minVal) M AC_CO_O AC_CO_O O O O AC_CO_O O O O AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLN_M

configuration, description and extension

CF CF CF CF CF CF CF CF DC DC EX EX EX

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DataAttribute

status and control mirror

origin ctlNum stVal q t stSeld opRcvd opOk tOpOk subEna subVal subQ subID blkEna ctlModel sboTimeout sboClass minVal maxVal stepSize operTimeout units d dU cdcNs cdcName dataNs Services As defined in Table 31 Originator INT8U INT32 Quality TimeStamp BOOLEAN BOOLEAN BOOLEAN TimeStamp BOOLEAN INT32 Quality VISIBLE STRING64 BOOLEAN CtlModels INT32U SboClasses INT32 INT32 INT32U INT32U Unit VISIBLE STRING255 UNICODE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 ST ST ST ST ST ST OR OR OR dchg dchg dchg dchg qchg 0..255 AC_CO_O AC_CO_O M M M O O O O

substitution and blocked

SV SV SV SV BL PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST O dchg dchg dchg dchg dchg dchg dchg dchg Text 1 (maxVal minVal) M AC_CO_O AC_CO_O O O O AC_CO_O O O O AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLN_M

configuration, description and extension

CF CF CF CF CF CF CF CF DC DC EX EX EX

parameters for control services

Service parameter name ctlVal Service parameter type INT32 Value/Value range

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Control Model (ctlModel)

0: Status only. No control allowed.

1: Direct control with normal security

2: SBO control with normal security

3: Direct control with enhanced security

4: SBO control with enhanced security

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Ed. 2 Control Service Tracking

opRcvd an Operate command has been received opOk an Operate command has been accepted tOpOk the time at which the output was activated operTimeout Operator Timeout (CF) in milliseconds

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Measured Value - MV
MV class Data attribute name DataName DataAttribute Type FC TrgOp Value/Value range M/O/C
Inherited from GenDataObject Class or from GenSubDataObject Class (see IEC 61850-7-2)

measured attributes
instMag mag range q t subEna subMag subQ subID blkEna units db zeroDb sVC rangeC smpRate d dU cdcNs cdcName dataNs AnalogueValue AnalogueValue ENUMERATED Quality TimeStamp BOOLEAN AnalogueValue Quality VISIBLE STRING64 BOOLEAN Unit INT32U INT32U ScaledValueConfig RangeConfig INT32U VISIBLE STRING255 UNICODE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 MX MX MX MX MX dchg, dupd dchg qchg normal|high|low|high-high|low-low O M O M M

substitution and blocked

SV SV SV SV BL PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST O dchg dchg dchg dchg dchg dchg Text see Annex A 0 100 000 0 100 000 O O O AC_SCAV GC_CON_range O O O AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLN_M

configuration, description and extension

CF CF CF CF CF CF DC DC EX EX EX

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instMag v.s. mag (edition 1)

Use mag in datasets to trigger a report when data changes Use instMag in datasets for reporting data without triggering a report
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Measured Value - MV
MV class Data attribute name DataName DataAttribute Type FC TrgOp Value/Value range M/O/C
Inherited from GenDataObject Class or from GenSubDataObject Class (see IEC 61850-7-2)

measured attributes
instMag mag range q t subEna subMag subQ subID blkEna units db zeroDb sVC rangeC smpRate d dU cdcNs cdcName dataNs AnalogueValue AnalogueValue ENUMERATED Quality TimeStamp BOOLEAN AnalogueValue Quality VISIBLE STRING64 BOOLEAN Unit INT32U INT32U ScaledValueConfig RangeConfig INT32U VISIBLE STRING255 UNICODE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 MX MX MX MX MX dchg, dupd dchg qchg normal|high|low|high-high|low-low O M O M M

substitution and blocked

SV SV SV SV BL PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST O dchg dchg dchg dchg dchg dchg Text see Annex A 0 100 000 0 100 000 O O O AC_SCAV GC_CON_range O O O AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLN_M

configuration, description and extension

CF CF CF CF CF CF DC DC EX EX EX

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From IEC61850-7-3

GC_1 = At least one attribute must be present.

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Range Configuration (RangeConfig)

RangeConfig type definition Attribute name hhLim hLim lLim llLim min max Attribute type AnalogueValue AnalogueValue AnalogueValue AnalogueValue AnalogueValue AnalogueValue INT32U 0 100 000 Value/Value range M M M M M M O M/O/C

Edition 2

limDb

min < llLim < lLim < hLim < hhLim < max limDb Limit deadband in units of .001% of full scale for hysteresis of range alarms
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Sampled Values (SAV)

SAV class Data attribute name DataName DataAttribute Type FC TrgOp Value/Value range M/O/C

Inherited from GenDataObject Class or from GenSubDataObject Class (see IEC 61850-7-2)

measured attributes
instMag q t units sVC min max d dU cdcNs cdcName dataNs AnalogueValue Quality TimeStamp Unit ScaledValueConfig AnalogueValue AnalogueValue VISIBLE STRING255 UNICODE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 MX MX MX qchg M M O dchg dchg dchg dchg Text see Annex A O AC_SCAV O O O O AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLN_M

configuration, description and extension

CF CF CF CF DC DC EX EX EX

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Complex Measured Value (CMV)
DataAttribute

measured attributes
instCVal cVal range Vector Vector ENUMERATED ENUMERATED Quality TimeStamp BOOLEAN Vector Quality VISIBLE STRING64 BOOLEAN Unit INT32U INT32U INT32U RangeConfig RangeConfig ScaledValueConfig ScaledValueConfig ENUMERATED INT32U VISIBLE STRING255 UNICODE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 MX MX MX MX MX MX dchg, dupd dchg dchg qchg normal|high|low|high-high|low-low normal|high|low|high-high|low-low O M O O M M

Edition 2

rangeAng q t subEna subCVal subQ

substitution and blocked

SV SV SV SV BL PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST O dchg dchg dchg dchg dchg dchg dchg dchg dchg dchg Text V | A | other Synchrophasor see Annex A 0 100 000 0 100 000 0 100 000 O O O O GC_CON_range GC_CON_rangeAng AC_SCAV AC_SCAV O O O O AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLN_M

Edition 2

subID blkEna units db dbAng zeroDb rangeC

configuration, description and extension

CF CF CF CF CF CF CF CF CF CF DC DC EX EX EX

Edition 2 Edition 2

rangeAngC magSVC angSVC angRef smpRate d dU cdcNs cdcName dataNs

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From IEC61850-7-3

From IEC61850-7-3

GC_1 = At least one attribute must be present.

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WYE Connected Measurements (WYE)

WYE class Data attribute name DataName phsA phsB phsC neut net res DataAttribute SubDataObject CMV CMV CMV CMV CMV CMV GC_1 GC_1 GC_1 GC_1 GC_1 GC_1 Type FC TrgOp Value/Value range M/O/C

Inherited from GenDataObject Class or from GenSubDataObject Class (see IEC 61850-7-2)

configuration, description and extension

angRef ENUMERATED BOOLEAN VISIBLE STRING255 UNICODE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 CF CF DC DC EX EX EX dchg dchg Va | Vb | Vc | Aa | Ab | Ac | Vab | Vbc | Vca | Vother | Aother | Synchrophasor DEFAULT = FALSE Text O O O O AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLN_M

Edition 2

phsToNeut d dU cdcNs cdcName dataNs

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Delta Connected Measurements (DEL)

DEL class data attribute name DataName phsAB phsBC phsCA DataAttribute SubDataObject CMV CMV CMV GC_1 GC_1 GC_1 Type FC TrgOp Value/Value range M/O/C

Inherited from GenDataObject Class or from GenSubDataObject Class (see IEC 61850-7-2)

configuration, description and extension

angRef d dU cdcNs cdcName dataNs ENUMERATED VISIBLE STRING255 UNICODE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 CF DC DC EX EX EX dchg Va | Vb | Vc | Aa | Ab | Ac | Vab | Vbc | Vca | Vother | Aother | Synchrophasor Text O O O AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLN_M

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Analog Setting (ASG)

ASG class attribute name DataName DataAttribute Type FC TrgOp Value/Value range M/O/C
Inherited from GenDataObject Class or from GenSubDataObject Class (see IEC 61850-7-2)

setting
setMag setMag units sVC minVal maxVal stepSize d dU cdcNs cdcName dataNs AnalogueValue AnalogueValue Unit ScaledValueConfig AnalogueValue AnalogueValue AnalogueValue VISIBLE STRING255 UNICODE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 SP SG, SE dchg AC_NSG_M AC_SG_M dchg dchg dchg dchg dchg 0 (maxVal minVal) Text see Annex A O AC_SCAV O O O O O AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLN_M

configuration, description and extension

CF CF CF CF CF DC DC EX EX EX

AC_NSG_M AC_SG_M
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Object Reference Syntax

The ObjectReference syntax shall be:

LDName/LNName[.Name[. ...]]
The / shall separate the instance name of a logical device (LDName) from the name of an instance of a logical node (LNName). The . shall separate the further names in the hierarchy. The [. ] indicates an option. The [. ...] indicates further names of recursively nested definitions. The () shall indicate an array element The type is VISIBLESTRING129

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Service Tracking CDCs

Used in ACSI (IEC 61850-7-2) to provide the means to control and track control blocks and commands.
Replaces the object type descriptions of control blocks in Edition 1. Mapping in IEC 61850-8-1 results in substantially similar objects and interactions.

Based on a general Common Service Tracking (CST) CDC

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Common Data Classes Control Block Service Tracking Name
CTS BTS UTS LTS GTS MTS NTS SGCB

Description
Common Service Tracking Buffered Report Tracking Service Unbuffered Report Tracking Service Log Control Block Tracking Service GOOSE Control Block Tracking Service Multicast Sampled Value (9-2) Control Block Tracking Service Unicast Sample Value (9-1) Control Block Tracking Service Setting Group Control Block Tracking Service

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Service Tracking CDCs and Control Blocks

The abstract definition of control blocks look substantially different in Edition 2 compared to Edition 1 with the addition of the service tracking CDCs. 8-1 Mapping results in the same basic control block structure although some have new parameters in Ed.2

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Logical Nodes and Example Object Names

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Name
Axxx Cxxx Fxxx Description Automatic Control (5) Supervisory Control (6). Functional Blocks (9) Generic Functions (5). Interfacing/Archiving (6). Mechanical and Non-Electrical Equipment (5) System Logical Nodes (7). Metering & Measurement (13). Protection (31). Power Quality Events (6) Protection Related (11). Sensors, Monitoring (11). Instrument Transformer (20). Switchgear (2). Power Transformer (4). Other Equipment (15). Wind (Set aside for other standards) Solar (Set aside for other standards) Hydropower (Set aside for other standards) Power Plant (Set aside for other standards) Battery (Set aside for other standards) Fuel Cells (Set aside for other standards)

IEC61850 Logical Node Naming and Groups

Gxxx Ixxx Kxxx Lxxx Mxxx Pxxx Qxxx Rxxx Sxxx Txxx Xxxx Yxxx Zxxx Wxxx Oxxx Hxxx Nxxx Bxxx Fxxx

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Logical Node Listing

Partial Listing of IEC61850 logical nodes follows. We will look at a couple in detail Make a note of others you are interested in for a closer review

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System Logical Nodes Name
LPHD LLNO LCCH LGOS LTIM LTMS LTRK

Description
Physical Device Common Logical Node MANDATORY Physical Communications Channel Supervision GOOSE Subscription Time Management Time Master Supervision Service Tracking

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Automatic Control Logical Nodes

Name
ANCR ARCO ARIS ATCC AVCO

Description
Neutral Current Regulator Reactive Power Control Resistor Control Automatic Tap Changer controller Voltage Control

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Supervisory Control Logical Nodes

Name
CALH CCGR CILO CPOW CSWI CSYN

Description
Alarm Handling Cooling Group Control Interlocking Point-on-wave switching Switch Controller Synchronizer Controller

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Functional Block Logical Nodes Name
FCNT FCSD FFIL FLIM FPID FRMP FSPT FXOT FXUT
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Description
Counter Curve Shape Description Generic Filter Control Function Output Limitation PID Regulator Ramp Function Set-Point Control Function Action at Over Threshold Action at Under Threshold

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Generic Function Logical Nodes

Name
GAPC GGIO GLOG GSAL

Description
Generic Automatic Process Control Generic Process I/O Generic Log Generic Security Application

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Interfacing and Archiving Logical Nodes

Name
IARC IHMI ITCI ITMI ISAF ITPC

Description
Archiving Human Machine Interface Telecontrol Interface Telemonitoring Interface Safety Alarm Function Teleprotection Communications Interface

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Interfacing and Archiving Logical Nodes

Name
KFAN KFIL KPMP KTNK KVLV

Description
Fan Filter Pump Tank Valve Control

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Metering and Measurement Logical Nodes Name
MDIF MHAI MHAN MMTR MMXN MMXU MSQI MSTA MENV MFLK MHYD MMDS MMET

Description
Differential measurements Harmonics or interharmonics Non phase related harmonics or interharmonics Metering Non phase related measurements Measurements Sequence and Imbalance Metering Statistics Environmental Information Flicker Measurement Hydrological Information DC Measurement Metrological Information

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Protection Logical Nodes
Name
PDIF PDIR PDIS PDOP PDUP PFRC PHAR PHIZ PIOC PMRI PMSS POPF PPAM

Description
Differential Direction Distance Directional overpower Directional underpower Rate of change of frequency Harmonic restraint Ground detector Instantaneous overcurrent Motor restart inhibition Motor starting time supervision Over power factor Phase angle measuring

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Protection Logical Nodes (contd)
Name
PSCH PSDE PTEF PTOC PTOF PTOV PTRC PTTR PTUC PTUV PVOC PVPH PZSU

Description
Protection scheme Sensitive directional earth fault Transient earth fault Time over current Over frequency Over voltage Protection trip conditioning Thermal overload Under current Under voltage Voltage controlled time over current Volts per Hz Zero speed or under speed

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Protection Logical Nodes (contd)

Name PRTR PTHF PUPF

Description

Rotor Protection Thyristor Protection Underpower Factor Protection

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Power Quality Events Logical Nodes

Name QFVR QITR QIUB QVTR QVUB QVVR

Description

Frequency Variation Current Transient Current Unbalance Variation Voltage Transient Voltage Unbalance Variation Voltage Variation

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Protection Related Logical Nodes
Name
RDRE RADR RBDR RDRS RBRF RDIR RFLO RPSB RREC RSYN RMXU

Description
Disturbance recorder function Disturbance recorder channel analogue Disturbance recorder channel binary Disturbance record handling Breaker failure Directional element Fault locator Power swing detection/blocking Auto reclosing Synchronism-check or synchronising Differential Measurements

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Sensors and Monitoring Logical Nodes
Name
SARC SIMG SIML SPDC SCBR SLTC SOPM SPTR SSWI STMP SVBR Description Monitoring and diagnostics for arcs Insulation medium supervision Insulation medium supervision (liquid) Monitoring and diag. for partial discharges Circuit Breaker Supervision Tap Changer Supervision Supervision of Operating Mechanism Power Transformer Supervision Circuit Switch Supervision Temperature Supervision Vibration Supervision

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Instrument Transformer Logical Nodes Name
TCTR TVTR TANG TAXD TDST TFLW TFRQ TGSN THUM TLVL
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Description Current transformer Voltage transformer Angle Axial Displacement Distance Liquid Flow Frequency Generic Sensor Humidity LMedia Level

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Instrument Transformer Logical Nodes (contd) Name
TMGF TMVM TPOS TPRS TRTN TSND TTMP TTNS TVBR TWPH
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Description Magnetic Field Movement Sensor Position Indicator Pressure Sensor Rotation Transmitter Sound Pressure Sensor Temperature Sensor Mechanical Tension/stress Virbration Sensor Water Acidity

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Switchgear Logical Nodes

Name
XCBR XSWI

Description
Circuit Breaker Circuit Switch

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Power Transformer Logical Nodes

Name
YEFN YLTC YPSH YPTR

Description
Earth fault neutralizer Tap changer Power shunt Power transformer

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Other Power System Equipment Logical Nodes Name
ZAXN ZBAT ZBSH ZCAB ZCAP ZCON ZGEN ZGIL ZLIN ZMOT ZREA ZRRC ZSAR ZTCF ZTCR ZRES ZSCR ZSMC

Description
Auxiliary network Battery Bushing Power cable Capacitor Bank Converter Generator Gas insulated line Power overhead line Motor Reactor Rotating reactive component Surge arrestor Thyristor controlled frequency converter Thyristor controlled reactive component Resistor Semiconductor Controlled Rectifier Synchronous Machine

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Logical Node Names

Example for Breaker:

ddd XCBR01
Logical Node Instance # Logical Node Name per IEC 61850-7-4 (circuit breaker)

Optional Application Specific Prefix

prefix digits + instance digits

188

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Logical Node Classes

LN

LPHD

Common LN

Inherited Relationships

LLN0

Domain Specific LNs (i.e. XCBR)

An IEC 61850 device must contain LPHD, LLN0, and 1 or more domain specific logical nodes.

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Physical Device - LPHD

LPHD class Data object name Data objects Status information PhyNam PhyHealth OutOv Proxy InOv NumPwrUp WrmStr WacTrg PwrUp PwrDn PwrSupAlm Controls RsStat SPC SPC Reset device statistics Receive simulated GOOSE or simulated SV TO O DPL ENS SPS SPS SPS INS INS INS SPS SPS SPS Physical device name plate Physical device health Output communications buffer overflow Indicates if this LN is a proxy Input communications buffer overflow Number of Power ups Number of Warm Starts Number of watchdog device resets detected Power Up detected Power Down detected External power supply alarm M M O M O O O O O O O Common data class Explanation T M/O/ C

Edition 2

Sim

Only LN that does not inherit Common LN properties. Inherits a name only.
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Device Name Plate - DPL

DPL class Data attribute name DataName DataAttribute Type FC TrgOp Value/Value range M/O/C Inherited from GenDataObject Class or from GenSubDataObject Class (see IEC 61850-7-2)

configuration, description and extension

vendor hwRev swRev serNum model location name owner ePSName VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING64 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 FLOAT32 FLOAT32 FLOAT32 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 UNICODE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC DC EX EX EX M O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLN_M

Edition 2

primeOper secondOper latitude longitude altitude mrID d dU cdcNs cdcName dataNs

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Common Logical Node Class Edition 1

From IEC61850-7-4

ALL other logical nodes contain these attributes even though they are not listed in the other logical node description tables.
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Common Logical Node Class Edition 2 Changes

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Common Logical Node Class Edition 2

Common LN class Common Data object Explanation name data class Data objects Mandatory and conditional Logical Node Information (shall be inherited by ALL LN but LPHD) Mod Beh Health NamPlt InRef1 BlkRef1 Blk CmdBlk GrRef ENC ENS ENS LPL ORG ORG SPS SPC ORG Mode Behavior Health Name plate General input Blocking reference shows the receiving of dynamically blocking signal Dynamically blocking of function described by the LN Blocking of control sequences and action triggers of controllable data objects Reference to a higher level Logical Device T M/O/ C

C1 M C1 C1 O O O C2 O

Optional Logical Node Information

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Common Logical Node Class Edition 2 (contd)

Optional Logical Node Information (statistical calculation specific refer to annex G) ClcExp ClcStr ClcMth SPS SPC ENG Calculation period expired Enables the calculation start at time operTm from the control model (if set) or immediately Calculation Method of statistical data objects. Allowed values PRES_OR_UNKNOWN(default) | TRUE_RMS | PEAK_FUNDAMENTAL | RMS_FUNDAMENTAL | MIN | MAX | AVG | SDV |PREDICTION| RATE ClcMod ENG Calculation mode. Allowed values: TOTAL | PERIOD | SLIDING ClcIntvTyp ENG Calculation interval typ. Allowed values: MS | PER_CYCLE | CYCLE | DAY | WEEK | MONTH | YEAR | EXTERNAL ClcIntvPer ING In case ClcIntvTyp equals to MS, PER-CYCLE, CYCLE, DAY, WEEK, MONTH, YEAR, number of units to consider to calculate the calculation interval duration C4 C4 C4 T C3 O C3

NumSubIntv ClcRfTyp ClcRfPer

ING ENG ING

The number of sub-intervals a calculation period interval duration contains Refreshment interval typ. Allowed values: MS, PER-CYCLE, CYCLE, DAY, WEEK, MONTH, YEAR, EXTERNAL In case ClcIntvTyp equals to MS, PER-CYCLE, CYCLE, DAY, WEEK, MONTH, YEAR, number of units to consider to calculate the refreshment interval duration Object Reference to Source logical node Remaining time up to the end of the current calculation interval expressed in millisecond Object reference to the source of the external synchronization signal for the calculation interval

O O O

ClcSrc ClcNxTmms InSyn

ORG ING ORG

C5 O

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Logical Node Name Plate - LPL

LPL class Data attribute name DataName DataAttribute Type FC TrgOp Value/Value range M/O/C

Inherited from GenDataObject Class or from GenSubDataObject Class (see IEC 61850-7-2)

configuration, description and extension

vendor swRev d dU configRev paramRev valRev ldNs lnNs cdcNs cdcName dataNs VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 UNICODE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 INT32 INT32 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 DC DC DC DC DC ST ST EX EX EX EX EX dchg dchg shall be included in LLN0 only; for example "IEC 61850-7-4:2003" M M O O AC_LN0_M O O AC_LN0_EX AC_DLD_M AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLN_M

Edition 2

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Mode and Behavior

Mode of LLN0 within that same logical device

Mode of the individual logical node

Behavior of the individual logical node is calculated

Edition 2: Blocked = On-Blocked

From IEC61850-7-4

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Health
Health
OK (Green)

Value
1

Warning (Yellow) minor problems but safe operation

Alarm (Red) severe problem no operation possible

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Common Logical Node LLN0

(Logical Node Zero)
Data object Common name data class Data objects Status information LLNO class Explanation T M/O/ C

Edition 2

LocKey LocSta Loc OpTmh Controls Diag LEDRs Settings

SPS SPC SPS INS SPC SPC

Local operation for complete logical device Switching authority at station level Local Control Behavior Operation time Run Diagnostics LED reset

O O O O O TO

Edition 2

MltLev

SPG

Select mode of authority for local control (True control from multiple levels above the selected one is allowed, False no other control level above allowed)

The Mode (Mod) and Local/Remote status of this logical node affects all LNs in that Logical Device
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GOOSE Subscription LGOS Edition 2

LGOS class Explanation The name shall be composed of the class name, the LN-Prefix and LNInstance-ID according to IEC 61850-7-2, Clause 22

Data object name LNName Data objects Status information SbsNdsCom SbsSt SbsSim LastStNum ConfRevNum Settings GoCBRef

Common data class

T M/O/ C

SPS SPS SPS INS INS

Subscription needs commissioning Status of the subscription (True = active, False=not active) Subscription wih simulation Last state number received Expected Configuration revision number

O O O O O

ORG

Reference to the subscribed GOOSE control block

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Service Tracking LTRK

Data object name LNName Data objects SpcTrk DpcTrk IncTrk EncTrk ApcTrk BscTrk IscTrk BacTrk UrcbTrk BrcbTrk LocbTrk GocbTrk MsvcbTrk UsvcbTrk SgcbTrk CTS CTS CTS CTS CTS CTS CTS CTS UTS BTS LTS GTS MTS NTS STS Control Service Tracking for Controllable Single Point Control Service Tracking for Controllable Double Point Control Service Tracking for Controllable Integer Control Service Tracking for Enumerated Controllable Control Service Tracking for Controllable Analog Set Point Control Service Tracking for Binary controlled step position information Control Service Tracking for Integer controlled step position information Control Service Tracking for Binary controlled analog process value Access Service Tracking for Unbuffered Report Control Block Access Service Tracking for Buffered Report Control Block Access Service Tracking for Log Control Block Access Service Tracking for Goose Control Block Access Service Tracking for Multicast Sampled Values Control Block Access Service Tracking for Unicast Sampled Values Control Block Access Service Tracking for Settig Group Control Block O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O Common data class LTRK class Explanation The name shall be composed of the class name, the LN-Prefix and LNInstance-ID according to IEC 61850-7-2, Clause 22. T M/O/ C

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Logical Node Description XCBR Edition 2
Data object name LNName Data objects LocKey Common data class XCBR class Explanation The name shall be composed of the class name, the LN-Prefix and LNInstance-ID according to IEC 61850-7-2, Clause 22. SPS SPC SPS SPS ENS DPL INS DPC SPC SPC SPC BCR INS INS INS SPS ING Local or remote key (local means without substation automation communication, hardwired direct control) Switching authority at station level Local Control Behavior External equipment health External equipment name plate Operation counter Switch position Block opening Block closing Charger motor enabled Sum of Switched Amperes, resetable Circuit breaker operating capability Point On Wave switching capability Circuit breaker operating capability when fully charged Discrepancy Closing Time of breaker O O M O O M M M M O O O O O O O T M/O/ C

Edition 2
LocSta Loc Loc EEHealth EEName OpCnt Controls Pos BlkOpn BlkCls ChaMotEna Metered values SumSwARs Status information CBOpCap POWCap MaxOpCap Dsc

Edition 2

Settings CBTmms

Common Data Class Data Object Names 202

Description

Mandatory/Optional/Conditional

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Single Point Status (SPS) CDC

(e.g. loc)

From IEC61850-7-3 stVal

Data Attribute Names

Data Type of Attribute

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7-1 Formatted Object Name

XCBR1.Loc.stVal[ST]
Attribute Functional Constraint

Data Logical Node

Same in Edition 1 or Edition 2 IEC 61850 Tutorial

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Mapping of Names via 8-1

Section 8-1 maps the IEC61850 LN and Data Object Names to MMS (ISO9506) Functional Constraints must be after LN in order to support object hierarchy MMS allows only numbers, letters, $, and _ in object names. Resulting MMS Object Name:

XCBR1$ST$Loc$stVal
Same in Edition 1 or Edition 2 IEC 61850 Tutorial
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Alternate 8-1 Object Name for Local/Remote Attribute of XCBR1

XCBR1.ST.Loc.stVal
Attribute Data Functional Constraint Logical Node

Same in Edition 1 or Edition 2 IEC 61850 Tutorial

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Object Name Format Used in This Presentation

XCBR1.ST.Loc.stVal or XCBR1$ST$Loc$stVal

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Breaker Position

From IEC61850-7-4

Pos

DPC

From IEC61850-7-4

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Breaker Position
Data object name LNName Data objects LocKey Common data class XCBR class Explanation The name shall be composed of the class name, the LN-Prefix and LNInstance-ID according to IEC 61850-7-2, Clause 22. SPS SPC SPS ENS DPL INS Local or remote key (local means without substation automation communication, hardwired direct control) Switching authority at station level Local Control Behavior External equipment health External equipment name plate Operation counter Switch position Block opening Block closing Charger motor enabled Sum of Switched Amperes, resetable Circuit breaker operating capability Point On Wave switching capability Circuit breaker operating capability when fully charged Discrepancy Closing Time of breaker O O M O O M M M M O O O O O O O T M/O/ C

Edition 2
LocSta Loc EEHealth EEName OpCnt Controls

Pos Pos
BlkOpn BlkCls ChaMotEna Metered values SumSwARs Status information CBOpCap POWCap MaxOpCap Dsc

DPC DPC
SPC SPC SPC BCR INS INS INS SPS ING

Edition 2

Settings CBTmms

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DPC class Dat a at t r ib u t e n am e Da t a Name T yp e FC T r g Op V alu e /V alu e r an g e M /O/C

Inhe rited from Ge nDataObject C lass or f rom Ge nSubData Object C lass (see IEC 61850-7-2)

Da t aAttribute

st a t us a nd cont rol mirror

origin ct lNum O riginat or INT8U C O DED ENUM Q ua lit y Time St a mp BO O LEAN BO O LEAN BO O LEAN Time St a mp BO O LEAN C O DED ENUM Q ua lit y VISIBLE STR ING64 BO O LEAN Pulse Config C t lModels INT32U SboC lasses INT32U VISIBLE STR ING255 UNIC O DE STRING255 VISIBLE STR ING255 VISIBLE STR ING255 VISIBLE STR ING255 ST ST ST ST ST ST OR OR OR SV SV SV SV BL dchg qchg dchg dchg dchg 0. . 255 int e rme diate -stat e | off | on | ba dst a t e A C _C O _O A C _C O _O M M M O O O O PIC S_SUBST PIC S_SUBST PIC S_SUBST PIC S_SUBST O dchg dchg dchg dchg dchg Te x t A C _C O _O M A C _C O _O A C _C O _O A C _C O _O O O A C _DLNDA _M A C _DLNDA _M A C _DLN_M

stVal
q t st Se ld opRcvd opO k t O pO k subEna subVa l subQ subID blkEna pulse Config ct lModel sboTime out sboC lass ope rTime out d dU cdcNs cdcNa me da t a Ns

st Va l

subst it ut ion a nd blocke d

int e rme diate -stat e | off | on | ba dst a t e

conf igura t ion, de script ion a nd e x t e nsion

CF CF CF CF CF DC DC EX EX EX

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Object Name for Breaker Position Attribute of XCBR1

XCBR1.ST.Pos.stVal
Attribute Data Functional Constraint Logical Node

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Measurement Unit (MMXU)

Dat a o b je ct n am e LNName Dat a o b jects EEHealth M easu red values TotW TotV Ar TotV A TotPF Hz PPV MV MV MV MV MV DEL WY E WY E WY E WY E WY E WY E WY E WY E Total A ctive Pow er (Total P) Total Reac tive Pow er ( Total Q) Total A pparent Pow er (Total S) A v erage Pow er factor ( Total PF) Fr equency Phas e to phase voltages (VL1VL2, ) Phas e to neutral v oltage Phas e to ground v oltages (VL1ER, ) Phas e c urrents ( IL1, IL2, IL3) Phas e ac tive power (P) Phas e r eactive power ( Q) Phas e apparent power ( S) Phas e pow er factor Phas e Impedance O O O O O O O O O O O O O O INS Ex ter nal Equipment Health ( external sensor) O Co m m o n d at a class M M XU clas s Exp lan at io n The name s hall be composed of the c lass name, the LN- Pr efix and LNIns tance-ID according to IEC 61850-7-2, Clause 22. T M /O/ C

Edition 2

PNV PhV A W VAr VA PF Z

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A v APhs A v PPV Phs MV MV A r ithmetic average of the magnitude of curr ent of the 3 phases. A v erage( Ia,Ib,Ic) A r ithmetic average of the magnitude of phase to phase voltage of the 3 phas es. A v erage( PPV a, PPV b, PPV c) A r ithmetic average of the magnitude of phase to r eference voltage of the 3 phas es. A v erage( PhVa, PhV b, PhVc) A r ithmetic average of the magnitude of active power of the 3 phases. A v erage( Wa, Wb, Wc) A r ithmetic average of the magnitude of apparent power of the 3 phases. A v erage(VAa, VAb, VAc) A r ithmetic average of the magnitude of reactive power of the 3 phases. A v erage(VAra, VArb, VArc) A r ithmetic average of the magnitude of power factor of the 3 phases. A v erage( PFa, PFb, PFc ) A r ithmetic average of the magnitude of impedance of the 3 phases. A v erage( Za, Zb, Z c Max imum magnitude of cur rent of the 3 phases. Max ( Ia,Ib,Ic) Max imum magnitude of phase to phase voltage of the 3 phases. Max ( PPV a, PPV b, PPV c ) Max imum magnitude of phase to r eference voltage of the 3 phases. Max ( PhV a, PhVb, PhVc) Max imum magnitude of active power of the 3 phases. Max ( Wa, Wb, Wc) Max imum magnitude of apparent power of the 3 phases. Max ( VAa, VAb, VAc) Max imum magnitude of reactive power of the 3 phases. Max ( VAra, VArb, VArc) Max imum magnitude of power factor of the 3 phases. Max ( PFa, PFb, PFc ) O O

MMXU (contd) Edition 2

A v PhVPhs

MV

A v WPhs A v VAPhs A v VArPhs A v PFPhs A v Z Phs

MV MV MV MV MV MV MV MV MV MV MV MV

O O O O O O O O O O O O

Max A Phs Max PPV Phs Max PhV Phs Max WPhs Max V APhs Max V ArPhs Max PFPhs

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MMXU (contd) Edition 2

Max Z Phs MinA Phs MinPPV Phs MinPhV Phs MinWPhs MinV A Phs MinV A rPhs MinPFPhs MinZ Phs Set t ings Clc TotVA PFSign

MV MV MV MV MV MV MV MV MV

Max imum magnitude of impedance of the 3 phases. Max ( Z a, Zb, Z c) Minimum magnitude of cur rent of the 3 phases. Min( Ia,Ib,Ic ) Minimum magnitude of phase to phase voltage of the 3 phases. Min( PPV a, PPV b, PPV c ) Minimum magnitude of phase to r eference voltage of the 3 phases. Min( PhV a, PhVb, PhVc) Minimum magnitude of active power of the 3 phases. Min( Wa, Wb, Wc) Minimum magnitude of apparent power of the 3 phases. Min( V Ara, VArb, VArc) Minimum magnitude of reactive power of the 3 phases. Min( V Ara, VArb, VArc) Minimum magnitude of power factor of the 3 phases. Min( PFa, PFb, PFc ) Minimum magnitude of impedance of the 3 phases. Min( Z a, Zb, Z c) Calc ulation method used for total apparent power (TotVA) ( VECTOR | A RITHMETIC ) Sign c onvention for VAr and Pow er Factor (PF) (ActivePower | LEA D/LA G)

O O O O O O O O O

ENG ENG

O O

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WYE Measurements
WYE c la s s Dat a at t r ib u t e n am e Da t a Name T yp e FC T r g Op V alu e /V alu e r an g e M /O/C

Inhe rited from Ge nDataObject C lass or f rom Ge nSubData Object C lass (see IEC 61850-7-2) SubDataObject phsA C MV phsB C MV phsC C MV ne ut C MV ne t C MV re s C MV Da t aAttribute

GC _1 GC _1 GC _1 GC _1 GC _1 GC _1

conf igura t ion, de script ion a nd e x t e nsion

a ngR ef ENUMER ATED BO O LEAN VISIBLE STR ING255 UNIC O DE STRING255 VISIBLE STR ING255 VISIBLE STR ING255 VISIBLE STR ING255 CF CF DC DC EX EX EX dchg dchg Va | Vb | Vc | A a | A b | A c | Va b | Vbc | Vca | Vot he r | A othe r | Sy nchrophasor DEF A ULT = F A LSE Te x t O O O O A C _DLNDA _M A C _DLNDA _M A C _DLN_M

Edition 2

phsToNeut d dU cdcNs cdcNa me da t a Ns

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Complex Measured Value
CM V c la ss Dat a at t r ib u t e n am e Da t a Name T yp e FC T r g Op V alu e /V alu e r an g e M /O/C Inhe rited from Ge nDataObject C lass or f rom Ge nSubData Object C lass (see IEC 61850-7-2) Da t aAttribute

me a sure d a t t ribut e s
inst C Val cVa l ra nge ra nge Ang q t subEna subC Val subQ subID blkEna unit s db dbA ng z e roDb ra nge C Ve ct or Ve ct or ENUMER ATED ENUMER ATED Q ua lit y Time St a mp BO O LEAN Ve ct or Q ua lit y VISIBLE STR ING64 BO O LEAN Unit INT32U INT32U INT32U R a ngeConfig R a ngeConfig Sca le dValueConfig Sca le dValueConfig ENUMER ATED INT32U VISIBLE STR ING255 UNIC O DE STRING255 VISIBLE STR ING255 VISIBLE STR ING255 VISIBLE STR ING255 MX MX MX MX MX MX SV SV SV SV BL dchg, dupd dchg dchg qchg O M norma l|high|low|high-high|low-low norma l|high|low|high-high|low-low O O M M PIC S_SUBST PIC S_SUBST PIC S_SUBST PIC S_SUBST O dchg dchg dchg dchg dchg dchg dchg dchg dchg dchg se e 0 0 0 A nnex A 100 000 100 000 100 000 O O O O GC _C ON_ra nge GC _C ON_ra nge A ng A C _SC A V A C _SC A V O O O O A C _DLNDA _M A C _DLNDA _M A C _DLN_M

subst it ut ion a nd blocke d

Edition 2

conf igura t ion, de script ion a nd e x t e nsion

CF CF CF CF CF CF CF CF CF CF DC DC EX EX EX

Edition 2
Edition 2

ra nge AngC ma gSVC a ngSVC a ngR ef smpR a t e d dU cdcNs cdcNa me da t a Ns

V | A | ot he r Sy nchrophasor Te x t

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Ve c t o r t y pe de finit io n A t t r ibut e na m e ma g a ng A t t r ibut e t y pe A na logueValue A na logueValue 180 < n +180 Va lue /Va lue r a nge M A C _CLC_O M /O/C

Edition 2

A na lo gue Va lue t y pe de finit io n A t t r ibut e na m e A t t r ibut e t y pe INT32 F LO A T32 Va lue /Va lue r a nge int e ger va lue f loa ting point value M /O/C GC _1 GC _1

i f

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MMXU1.MX.PhV.PhsA.cVal.mag.f
Data Functional Constraint (measurements) Logical Node
Same in Ed. 1 and Ed. 2
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Other Logical Node Standards

IEC 61850-7-410 contains LN descriptions for hydro power (water) IEC 61850-7-420 contains LN descriptions for distributed energy resource (DER) applications (a.k.a. distributed generation) IEC 61400-25 contains LN descriptions for wind power applications. Some IEC 61850 devices have some proprietary LN definitions.

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Wind Turbine Generator (WTUR)

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Questions - Discussion

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Abstract Communications Service Interface

ACSI
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ACSI
Abstract Communications Service Interface

Defines a set of Objects Defines a set of Services to manipulate and access those objects Defines a base set of data types for describing objects

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Ed. 1 ACSI Objects and MMS Mapping

ACSI Object Class

SERVER class LOGICAL DEVICE class LOGICAL NODE class DATA class DATA-SET class SETTING-GROUP-CONTROL-BLOCK class REPORT-CONTROL-BLOCK class LOG class LOG-CONTROL-BLOCK class GOOSE-CONTROL-BLOCK class GSSE-CONTROL-BLOCK class CONTROL class Files

MMS Object
Virtual Manufacturing Device (VMD) Domain Named Variable Named Variable Named Variable List Named Variable Named Variable Journal Named Variable Named Variable Named Variable Named Variable Files

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ACSI Services
ACSI Services LogicalDeviceDirectory GetAllDataValues GetDataValues SetDataValues GetDataDirectory GetDataDefinition GetDataSetValues SetDataSetValues CreateDataSet DeleteDataSet GetDataSetDirectory Report (Buffered and Unbuffered) GetBRCBValues/GetURCBValues SetBRCBValues/SetURCBValues GetLCBValues SetLCBValues QueryLogByTime QueryLogAfter GetLogStatusValues Select SelectWithValue Cancel Operate Command-Termination MMS Services GetNameList Read Read Write GetVariableAccessAttributes GetVariableAccessAttributes Read Write CreateNamedVariableList DeleteNamedVariableList GetVariableAccessAttributes InformationReport Read Write Read Write ReadJournal ReadJournal GetJournalStatus Read/Write Read/Write Write Write Write

Enable Self Describing Devices

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SERVER Object and Services

From IEC61850-7-2

Obtain a list of:

Logical Devices MMS GetNameList service, Object Class = domain Files MMS FileDirectory service

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LOGICAL DEVICE Object and Services
From IEC61850-7-2

Obtain a list of Logical Nodes in a Logical Device:

MMS GetNameList where Object Class = Variable and Domain = Logical Device name

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LOGICAL NODE Class
From IEC61850-7-2

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LOGICAL NODE Services

From IEC61850-7-2

GetLogicalNodeDirectory
MMS GetNameList where ObjectClass = Variable Name, NamedVariableList, and Journal ObjectScope = Logical Device Name (Can be simplified)

GetAllDataValues
MMS Read where Variable Name = Logical Node Name

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From IEC61850-7-2

GetDataValues
MMS Read where Variable Name = name of DATA Object

SetDataValues
MMS Write where Variable Name = name of DATA Object

GetDataDirectory and GetDataDefinition

MMS GetVariableAccessAttributes

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GetLogicalNodeDirectory:
GetNameList of variables in Logical Device domain (variables defined under MMXU1)

GetAllDataValues
Read MMXU1

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GetDataDirectory maps to
GetVariableAccessAttributes of: MMXU1$MX$ PhV MMXU1$CF$ PhV MMXU1$DC$ PhV MMXU1$EX$ PhV MMXU1$SV$ PhV To obtain list of data defined within PhV (cVal or instCVal, range, q, t, subEna, etc.)

GetDataDefinition maps to
GetVariableAccessAttributes of:
MMXU1$MX$ PhV$PhsA PhsB PhsC MMXU1$CF$ PhV$PhsA PhsB PhsC MMXU1$DC$ PhV$ PhsA PhsB PhsC MMXU1$EX$ PhV$ PhsA PhsB PhsC MMXU1$SV$ PhV$ PhsA PhsB PhsC

To obtain list and type of data contained within PhV (cVal$mag$f, cVal$ang$f, etc.)

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UCAIug Summit Austin, TX IEC61850 Client Simplification

Rather than executing multiple GetVariableAccessAttribute requests for each and every element of MMXU:
A smart IEC 61850 client will perform a GetVariableAccessAttributes on the MMXU1 object and derive all the LOGICAL NODE, DATA, and attribute information from a single response.

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DATA-SET
Named object consisting of a set of DATA Maps to an MMS Named Variable List in IEC61850-8-1 Typically used in Reporting and for Sample Measured Values

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DATA-SET Object and Services
From IEC61850-7-2

GetDataSetValues = Read SetDataSetValues = Write CreateDataSet = DefineNamedVariableList DeleteDataSet = DeleteNamedVariableList GetDataSetDirectory = GetNamedVariableListAttributes
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Report Model

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Reporting
Unbuffered Reporting allows clients to receive data from the server without polling.
If network connection (association) between client and server is lost, data is lost. Equivalent to UCA2.0 Reporting

Buffered reporting enables the server to retain data if associations are lost enabling the client to retrieve ALL data. 8-1 SCSM: Reports are sent using MMS InformationReport

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Report-Log Model

From IEC61850-7-2

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Attribute Name Description
Name assigned to this URCB = 1 Reports enabled, = 0 Reports disabled = 1 In-use by client, =0 Available (unbuffered only) Name of the DATA-SET reference Configuration Revision Number (can track Data Set changes) Optional Fields to Include in the Report Include the sequence number Include a report time stamp (even if DATA is time stamped) The reason the report was sent (dchg, qchg, etc.) Include the DATA-SET name in the report Include the names of the DATA elements in the report Include buffer status in report (buffered only) Include the entry ID in the report (buffered only) Include the current value of the ConfRev in the report Buffer Time (the fastest that reports will be sent) Sequence Number Trigger Conditions Send report on data change exceeding deadband Send report if data is updated even if it didnt change Send report on change in quality Send report on integrity period expiration Send report when requested Integrity Period General Interrogation Purge the report buffer (buffered only) Start reporting from a specific entry in the buffer (buffered only) Start reporting from a specific entry time (buffered only) Reservation Timer (buffered only) - OPTIONAL EDITION 2 Client ID of RCB owner - OPTIONAL EDITION 2

Report Control Block Attributes

RptID RptEna Resv DatSet ConfRev OptFlds sequence-number report-time-stamp reason-for-inclusion data-set-name data-reference buffer-overflow entry-ID conf-revision BufTim SqNum TrgOp data-change data-update integrity general-interrogation IntPd GI PurgeBuf EntryID TimeOfEntry ResvTms Owner

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Report Services
From IEC61850-7-2

Report = MMS Information Report GetBRCBValues or GetURCBValues

MMS Read

SetBRCBValues or SetURBCValues
MMS Write

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Example Reporting Sequence

1. 2. Find BRCB where Resv = 0 and Write Resv = 1 Write OptFlds, BufTim, TrgOp, IntgPd (DataSet, etc.) to desired values:
1. MMXU1$BR$brcbMX$OptFlds = 011110001000000 (include: Sequence #, report time stamp, reason for inclusion, data set name, and configuration revision) MMXU1$BR$brcbMX$BufTim = 500 (500 milliseconds) MMXU1$BR$brcbMX$TrgOp = 01101000 (data, quality, and integrity only) MMXU1$BR$brcbMX$IntgPd = 60000 (1 minute)

2. 3. 4.

3.

Enable Report
1. MMXU1$BR$brcbMX$RptEna = 1

4.

Receive Reports

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Buffered Reporting with GI Example

Client enables BRCB report report report report report report Communications Terminated

SqNum = 01, data change, <data> SqNum = 02, data change, <data> SqNum = 03, integrity, <data> SqNum = 04, data change, <data> SqNum = 05, data change, <data> SqNum = 06, integrity, <data>

Communications Reestablished Client Re-Enables the BRCB Client request General-Interrogation report report report report report report

SqNum = 07, data change, <data> SqNum = 08, data change, <data> SqNum = 09, integrity, <data> SqNum = 10, general-interrogation, <data> SqNum = 11, data change, <data> SqNum = 12, data change, <data>

SqNum = 10 flags when the GI was issued by the client to identify data that was reported while disconnected.
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Using Modeling to Control Reports

Requirements:
Desire to receive average readings of current measurements on all 3 phases of a feeder and the actual voltage measurement on one phase every 10 minutes. Any under or over voltage or current conditions should be reported immediately.

Use MSTA for average current measurements Use MMXU for actual voltage measurement and range alarms Example using Edition 1. Use statistical measurements in MMXU for Edition 2.

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Metering Statistics (MSTA)

From IEC61850-7-4

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Measured Value - MV

From IEC61850-7-3

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Measurement Unit (MMXU)

From IEC61850-7-4

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WYE Measurements

From IEC61850-7-3

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Complex Measured Value (CMV)

From IEC61850-7-3

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Solution
Define a Dataset containing:
phsAMSTA1.MX.AvAmps.instMag.f phsBMSTA2.MX.AvAmps.instMag.f phsCMSTA3.MX.AvAmps.instMag.f MMXU1.MX.PhV.phsA.instCVal.mag.f MMXU1.MX.A.phsA.range MMXU1.MX.A.phsB.range MMXU1.MX.A.phsC.range MMXU1.MX.PhV.phsA.range MMXU1.MX.PhV.phsB.range MMXU1.MX.PhV.phsC.range
A change in ANY of these values will cause a immediate report to be sent AFTER the BuffTim expires as long as the RCB is enabled and TrgOp = dchg is set. None of these values have TrgOp = dchg so they will not trigger reports when their value changes. Their values will only be sent in Integrity reports or if a range alarm occurs.

Assign this dataset to a report control block with:

Integrity = 10 minutes TrgOp = data-change and integrity

Enable the report

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Questions - Discussion

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Controls

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Control Model Objects

Enables control of ACSI Objects:
Controllable Single Point (SPC) Controllable Double Point (DPC) Controllable Integer Status (INC) Binary Controlled Step Position (BSC) Integer Controlled Step Position (ISC) Controllable Analog Set Point (APC)

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Control Model Services

Services available for controlling objects:
Select (Sel) SelectWithValue (SelVal) Cancel Operate (Oper) TimeActivatedOperate (TimOper) Command Termination

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Control Model (ctlModel)

0: Status only. No control allowed.

1: Direct control with normal security (direct-operate)

2: SBO control with normal security (operate-once or operate-many)

3: Direct control with enhanced security (direct-operate)

4: SBO control with enhanced security (operate-once or operate-many)

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General Control Model

From IEC61850-7-2

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Direct Control with Normal Security

From IEC61850-7-2

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UCAIug Summit Austin, TX SBO Control with Enhanced Security

Report_req(int)

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Mapping Controls to MMS

IEC61850-8-1 adds attributes to control objects in Appendix E:
SBO for Select operations SBOw for SelectWithValue operations Oper for operate, cancel, and commandtermination services

Replaces CDC objects with CO functional constraint

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SBO Structure for DPC

From IEC61850-8-1

For Select: SBO

Contains object name e.g. CSWI1$CO$Pos$Oper

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SBOw Structure per 8-1

From IEC61850-8-1

For SelectWithValue

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Oper Structure per 8-1

From IEC61850-8-1

Written by client to change the control value

IEC 61850 Tutorial

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Originator Structure
From IEC61850-7-3

orCat Category of Control Action 0 not supported 1 Bay Control 2 Station Control 3 Remote Control 4 Automatic Bay 5 Automatic Station 6 Automatic Remote 7 Maintenance 8 Process orIdent Originator Identity (binary ID)
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Control Object Mapping per 8-1 for ctlModel = SBO Normal Security

From IEC61850-7-3

SBO Oper.ctlVal Oper.operTm Oper. origin Oper. ctlNum Oper. T Oper. Test Oper. Check 263

For Select

For Operate

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Control Object Mapping per 8-1 for SBO with Enhance Security

From IEC61850-7-3

Oper.ctlVal Oper.operTm Oper.origin Oper. ctlNum Oper.T Oper.Test Oper.Check

For Operate

SBOw.ctlVal SBOw.operTm SBOw.origin SBOw.ctlNum SBOw.T SBOw.Test SBOw.Check

For Select with Value

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Edition 2 Controls

DPC class Data attribute name DataName DataAttribute

Type

FC

TrgOp

Value/Value range

M/O/C

Inherited from GenDataObject Class or from GenSubDataObject Class (see IEC 61850-7-2)

status and control mirror

origin ctlNum stVal q t stSeld opRcvd opOk tOpOk subEna subVal subQ subID blkEna pulseConfig ctlModel sboTimeout sboClass operTimeout d dU cdcNs cdcName dataNs Services As defined in Table 31 Originator INT8U CODED ENUM Quality TimeStamp BOOLEAN BOOLEAN BOOLEAN TimeStamp BOOLEAN CODED ENUM Quality VISIBLE STRING64 BOOLEAN PulseConfig CtlModels INT32U SboClasses INT32U VISIBLE STRING255 UNICODE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 VISIBLE STRING255 ST ST ST ST ST ST OR OR OR dchg dchg dchg dchg qchg 0..255 intermediate-state | off | on | badstate AC_CO_O AC_CO_O M M M O O O O

substitution and blocked

SV SV SV SV BL intermediate-state | off | on | badstate PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST PICS_SUBST O dchg dchg dchg dchg dchg Text AC_CO_O M AC_CO_O AC_CO_O AC_CO_O O O AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLNDA_M AC_DLN_M

configuration, description and extension

CF CF CF CF CF DC DC EX EX EX

8-1 SCSM Mapping results in the same control structures

parameters for control services

Service parameter name ctlVal Service parameter type BOOLEAN Value/Value range off (FALSE) | on (TRUE)

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Examples Changing Switch Positions Using Various Control Modes (CSWI1)

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Direct Operate Normal Security
Verify (optional)
Read CSWI1$ST$Pos$stVal (current position) Read CSWI1$CF$Pos$ctlModel (control model = 1)

Operate:
Write CSWI1$CO$Pos$Oper
ctlVal, operTm, origin, ctlNum, T, Test, Check

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Select Before Operate Normal Security
Verify (optional)
Read CSWI1$ST$Pos$stVal (current position) Read CSWI1$ST$Pos$stSeld (selected = 0) Read CSWI1$CF$Pos$ctlModel (control model = 2)

Select:
Read CSWI1$CO$Pos$SBO (return: CSWI1$CO$Pos$Oper)

Operate:
Write CSWI1$CO$Pos$Oper
ctlVal, operTm, origin, ctlNum, T, Test, Check

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SBO with Enhanced Security
Verify (optional)
Read CSWI1$ST$Pos$stVal (current position) Read CSWI1$ST$Pos$stSeld (selected = 0) Read CSWI1$CF$Pos$ctlModel (control model = 4)

SelectWithValue:
Write CSWI1$CO$SBOw
ctlVal, operTm, origin, ctlNum, T, Test, Check

Operate:
Write CSWI1$CO$Pos$Oper
ctlVal, operTm, origin, ctlNum, T, Test, Check

CmdTerm
(+) InformationReport containing CSWI1$CO$Pos$Oper (-) InformationReport containing LastApplError and CSWI1$CO$Pos$Oper

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Client Applications
Typical bay controllers expose simple control commands such as Select-Operate or Operate. HMI screen developers can use ActiveX controls or scripts to embed the control state machine and functions within a simple interface Some IEC 61850 clients provide simplified operations that enable write of the ctlVal only.

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Questions - Discussion

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IED to IED Data Exchange

Multi-cast GOOSE Messaging

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Directed Messaging

Application B

Application C

Application D

Application A

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Multi-cast Messaging
Subscribing Application

Network A B B C C D

Publishing Device

Publishing Device

Publishing

Device

Applications subscribe by listening for data sent to a given multi-cast destination address
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Multi-cast MAC Address

6-byte DESTINATION MAC Address
0 1 2 3 4 5

Example: 01-0C-CD-01-F1-04

= 1 - Multicast

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IEC61850 Network Architecture

Network Hub
GOOSE

Relay 1

Relay 2

Relay 3

Relay 4

Breaker

Breaker

Breaker

Breaker

GOOSE - Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (data sets)

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Hardwired Performance
8-20ms

Signal

Time
Relay Energizes Contact Contacts Close Input Threshold Reached

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< 3 ms

For Trip messages in transmission bays: < 3ms For Trip messages in distribution bays: < 10ms

Signal

Relay Sends Data to Network I/F

Interface latency, network access and transmission IEC 61850 Tutorial

Relay Receives Data from Network I/F

Time

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GOOSE - Generic Object Oriented Substation Event per 7-2
GOOSE message Parameter name DatSet GoID GoCBRef T StNum SqNum Parameter type ObjectReference VISIBLE STRING129 ObjectReference TimeStamp INT32U INT32U BOOLEAN INT32U BOOLEAN (TRUE) simulation | (FALSE) real values Value from the instance of GoCB Value from the instance of GoCB Value/value range/explanation Value from the instance of GoCB Value from the instance of GoCB Value from the instance of GoCB

Edition 2

Simulation ConfRev NdsCom GOOSEData [1..n] Value

(*)

(*) type depends on the appropriate common data classes (CDC).

Binary encoding of data Ethernet Multicast Address Using 802.3 Ethertype

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GOOSE - 7-2 versus 8-1 7-2 Message Fields
Name
DatSet GoID GoCBRef T StNum SqNum Simulation ConfRev NdsCom Data

8-1 Message Fields

Name gocbRef timeAllowedtoLive datSet goID T stNum sqNum Simulation confRev ndsCom numDatSetEntries Data Type VISIBLE-STRING Integer (ms) VISIBLE-STRING VISIBLE-STRING UTC Time INTEGER INTEGER BOOLEAN INTEGER BOOLEAN INTEGER per DataSet Defn.

Type
ObjectReference VISIBLESTRING129 ObjectReference TimeStamp INT32U INT32U BOOLEAN INT32U BOOLEAN per DataSet Defn.

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UCAIug Summit Austin, TX GOOSE is Reliable Multicast

NON-EXISTENT
New State: 1.Sequence Number = 0 2.State Number++ 3. Reset HoldTimer

RETRANSMITPENDING
1. Hold Time Preset ++ 2. Start Hold Timer 3. Sequence Number ++ HoldTime expired

SEND Message

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GOOSE Traffic
Each line below represents a GOOSE message
State = 1, Seq = 0 State = 2, Seq = 0 State = 1, Seq = 6

t Event at t=0 Hold time increases from until steady state of ~1/min is reached State change occurs

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Why Ethertype?
Supports Virtual LAN (VLAN) processing by switches. VLAN enables intelligent 3-layer Ethernet switches to prioritize packets via VLAN Priority. Enables high priority GOOSE packets to be forwarded sooner than lower priority directed messages (SCADA).

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GOOSE Wide Area Application

Wide Area Network

Piloting a Centralized Remedial Action Scheme (C-RAS) with Emerging Telecomm / Protection Technologies
Patricia Arons, Transmission & Interconnection Planning Southern California Edison Company March 2, 2007

Application of VLAN Critical

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GOOSE Unicast Services

Provided for devices that support GOOSE/GSSE but do not support LNs and other ACSI services. Enables a device to obtain information about the data that is sent in a GOOSE/GSSE to verify that it is the desired data without having to implement ACSI services and objects. Also called GSE Management services.

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GOOSE Control Block (GoCB) and Services per 7-2
From IEC61850-7-2

From IEC61850-7-2

GOOSE Multicast
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GOOSE Unicast

ACSI Client/Server
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GOOSE Control Block per 8-1

Component Name GoEna GoID DatSet MMS TypeDescription Boolean Visible-string Visible-string r/w rw r r m m m The value of this component shall be of the format of ObjectReference and shall be limited to VMD or domain scoped NamedVariableLists m/o Condition Comments

ConfRev NdsCom DstAddress MinTime MaxTime FixedOffs

Unsigned Boolean PHYCOMADDR Unsigned Unsigned Boolean

r r r r r r

m m m o o o As specified in the SCD file for the GoCB As specified in the SCD file for the GoCB As specified in the SCD file for the GoCB
m/o m Comments Length is 6 Octets and contains the value of the destination Media Access Control (MAC) address to which the GOOSE message is to be sent. The address shall be an Ethernet address that has the multicast bit set TRUE. Range of values shall be limited from 0 to 7. Range of values shall be limited from 0 to 4 095. As defined in Annex C

Component Name Addr

Data Type OCTET-STRING

PRIORITY VID APPID

Unsigned8 Unsigned16 Unsigned16

m m m

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Substation Configuration Language

SCL IEC61850-6

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UCAIug Summit Austin, TX SCL Substation Configuration Language IEC61850-6-1

Description language for communication in electrical substations related to the IEDs.

XML based language that allows a formal description of

Substation automation system and the switchyard and the relation between them IED configuration Support for private extensions

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SCL File Types

SSD: System Specification Description.
XML description of the entire system

SCD: Substation Configuration Description.

XML description of a single substation.

IID: Instantiated IED Description (Edition 2)

XML description of a device that meets specific project needs but that has not yet been configured. An initial starting point.

CID: Configured IED Description.

XML configuration for a specific IED.

SED: System Exchange Description (Edition 2)

Subset of SCD file that specifies responsibilities between entities implementing different parts of a project

ICD: IED Capability Description.

XML description of what is supported by an IED (required for servers).

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SCL Files
SSD File Entire System SCD File #1 Single Substation Substation #1
CID File for IED #1 CID File for IED #2

CID File for IED #n-1

CID File for IED #n

CID File for IED #n-1

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CID File for IED #n

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SCD File #2 Single Substation Substation #n

CID File for IED #1 CID File for IED #2

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ICD versus CID Files

CID File = Subset of ICD File Actually Used + Substation Specific Configuration Info. Subset:
Not all logical nodes, control blocks, I/O, etc. supported by the device are used in a system.

ICD File What an IED is capable of CID Configuration for a specific IED
Substation specific configuration information

Substation Configuration Info:

Report control block presets Static values for location, and other descriptions.

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SCL Driven Naming

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Logical Device and LN Naming = IEDName

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SCL Applications
For users to specify IED requirements. For vendors to specify IED capabilities. Configure IEC61850 clients w/o IEDs. Extract IED configuration from power system design tools. Export IED configuration to power system design tools and other applications.

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Process Bus and Sampled Values

Process Bus IEC61850-9-2

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Sampled Values
A method for transmitting sampled measurements from transducers such as CTs, VTs, and digital I/O. Enables sharing of I/O signals among IEDs Supports 2 transmission methods:
Multicast service (MSVC) over Ethernet (9-2) Unicast (point-to-point) service (USVC) over serial links (based on Ethernet) (9-1)

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IEC61850 Approach
Bay Controller
Ethernet

Protection Relay
Ethernet

Fault Recorder
Ethernet

RTU, etc.
Ethernet

9-2 Process Bus Ethernet

Merging Unit
A/D
Voltages and currents

A/D

Input
Breaker Status

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IEC61850-9-2 Process Bus

Transducer and I/O signals are shared via a network. Only one transducer or I/O point per signal. Reduction in wiring costs
4 fibers per bus (2 per redundant pair) versus many copper wires per phase

Minimization of calibration and maintenance. Incremental cost for additional signals is linear
Pay to add a measurement once to a single Merging Unit

CT/VT signals can be sent across long distances

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SV Object Edition 1
From IEC61850-7-2

Binary encoding of data Ethernet Multicast Address Using 802.3 Ethertype

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SV Control Block (MSVCB) and Services Edition 1
From IEC61850-7-2

From IEC61850-7-2

GOOSE Multicast
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SV Control Block (MSVCB) Edition 2

MSVCB class Attribute name MsvCBName MsvCBRef SvEna MsvID DatSet ConfRev SmpMod SmpRate OptFlds refresh-time reserved sample-rate data-set-name DstAddress Attribute type ObjectName ObjectReference BOOLEAN VISIBLE STRING129 ObjectReference INT32U ENUMERATED INT16U PACKED LIST BOOLEAN BOOLEAN BOOLEAN BOOLEAN PHYCOMADDR r r/w Value/value range/explanation Instance name of an instance of MSVCB Path-name of an instance of MSVCB

r/w Enabled (TRUE) | disabled (FALSE), DEFAULT FALSE r/w r/w r r/w samples per nominal period (DEFAULT) | samples per second | seconds per sample r/w (0..MAX) r/w

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What is a bus?
Bay Controller
Ethernet

Protection Relay
Ethernet

Fault Recorder
Ethernet

RTU, etc.
Ethernet

9-2 Process Bus Ethernet

Merging Unit
A/D
Voltages and currents

A/D

Input
Breaker Status

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What is a Bus?

Ethernet Switch

Ethernet Switch

Ethernet Switch

Ethernet

Merging Unit
A/D
Voltages and currents

A/D

Input
Breaker Status

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What is a Bus?

Ethernet Switch

Ethernet Switch

Ethernet Switch

Process Bus
Ethernet

Merging Unit
A/D
Voltages and currents

A/D

Input
Breaker Status

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New Development in Process Bus point-to-point!?

Fiber Patch Panel

Fiber Optic Connector

Merging Unit or brick

A/D
Voltages and currents

A/D

Input
Breaker Status

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Point-to-Point Process Bus Controversy

Some say 9-2 does not specify point-to-point links:
Therefore this is NOT process bus!

Existing implementations of this technology have some non-interoperable enhancements

Requires interaction with special GOOSE messages to trigger MU

Initial claims about conformance testing were made inaccurately (since corrected). Interesting idea and useful even if it is not strictly 9-2 process bus.

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IEC 61850-90-5
Using IP Multicast to transmit GOOSE and/or Sampled Values Synchrophasor and wide area protection Will be issued as a technical report in 2011. Implementations coming as well.

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Questions - Discussion

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Testing Interoperability and Conformance

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Interoperability
Testing that multiple devices or multiple applications of different design can exchange information Interoperability and Integration is the fundamental user expectation when they purchase a system
All components can exchange data and cooperate in the implementation of the system requirements

A system acceptance test is essentially an interoperability and integration test. Interoperability testing is always the first step in proving a standard.

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Limitations of Interoperability Testing

Only the functions of the current applications are tested
Adding new functions may not be as testable due to current operations.

New systems not tested with existing applications may not interoperate
All possible combinations of interoperability tests between a set of available applications may not be performed.

All tested systems may be non-conformant in the same way

2 apps have the same non-conformance problem may interoperate with each other but not with other systems that are conformant.

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Conformance Testing
A formalized test that verifies conformance to the standard Typically a reference test system is created and devices/apps must interoperate with the tester. Conformance testers are written with the standard in mind
Interoperability tests are typically written with the application in mind

Conformance testers will also test negative/error test cases. Conformance testing will increase the likelihood that applications will interoperate

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IEC61850-10 Test Process

Start
Static Conformance Requirements

PICS MICS

Static Conformance Review

Dynamic Conformance Requirements

PIXIT

Test Selection and Setup

Conformance Test Suite/Cases

Dynamic Tests
_________________________

Communication Testing Anomaly & Capability Testing Behavior Testing Review of Results

Final Conformance Review Conclusion (Customer Sign-Off) Test Report Production

Information Testing Interaction

Control Flow Data Flow

PICS Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement MICS Model Implementation Conformance Statement PIXIT Protocol Implementation eXtra Information for Testing 314

End
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Sample Test Cases

From IEC61850-10

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Sample Test Cases

From IEC61850-10

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Certification
A statement that tests have been run:
Who ran the tests What tests have been run How the results were determined

An independent third party should certify that the tester is valid and that the process used by a test lab is valid. Certifying body must provide a quality assurance process to improve the testing, fix the standards, and increase field interoperability

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Vendor Manufacturer System Integrator

IEC TC57 Working Groups

Projects (Users)

Test System Developers

Test Laboratories

Realistic Coordination
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Limitations of Conformance Testing

Essentially, interoperation with the tester is verified.
Possible that 2 conformant applications may not interoperate for a variety of reasons. Importance of the quality assurance process to improve testing over time.

Applications can be configured differently to behave in a different manner that is independent of conformance. 2 Protection Relays:
IED 1: uses an XML file generated by the user to configure the IEC 61850 information that is sent to other relays. IED 2: has a fixed configuration of specific data that can be sent to other relays. Both are conformant Unless IED 1 is modified to support the configuration of IED 2 they will not interoperate.

Interoperability testing is still useful

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CIM Testing
While the fundamentals of power systems are the same each utility is a unique enterprise that has a different model:
Completely different business systems Different business processes and rules Different regulations, requirements, customers Very little is the same other than the fundamentals of the power system.

The closeness of CIM to the business operations of the enterprise makes each utilitys use of CIM different. Makes conformance testing of a given model difficult. The result is that CIM testing is focused on interoperability testing of exchange of models and messages conforming to a specific profile chosen for the test.

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Model Exchange Test Cases

CIM XML Doc 1

1

CIM XML Doc 2

5

CIM XML Validator

CIM XML Import

1,4 2

CIM XML Export

CIM XML Import

5

Model Maint System

1,4

Model Maint System

Participant A

Participant B

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CIM Testing Organizations

Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) has sponsored many interoperability tests.
Model Exchange (CPSM, CDPSM, planning, dynamics) GID testing (HSDA and OPC) Message Exchange for IEC 61968-9 Reports are available from EPRI and some from the CIM Users Group web site

ENTSO-E the European grid operator is planning on conducting further tests for its profile in 2010 CIM Users Group is likely to sponsor additional tests in the future as well

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IEC 61850-90-5 Next Generation GOOSE and SV over IP Multicast for Wide Area Measurement and Protection
C37.118.2 and beyond

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Use cases documented in 90-5

WAMS/WAMPAC related
WAMS Situational Awareness State Estimation and on-line security assessment Archival of information WAMPAC Special protection schemes Predictive Dynamic Stability Phenomenon assumption WAMPAC

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Use cases documented in 90-5

regional/local related
Out-of-step (OOS) protection Adaptive relaying Synchro-check Under-voltage shedding

NASPINET (covered by others) PDC use case to be added.

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90-5 development asked: Why so many PDCs?

Answer:
C37.118.2 protocol not designed to scale from a communication perspective.

Time alignment function (it is good and bad).

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NASPInet - Requirements

Decided to use IP multicast to address large scale of NASPInet.

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To meet the use cases:

Services explicitly specified in IEC 61850-90-5
GOOSE SV

Reporting and logging are implicitly allowed. Profile supports IP Multicast

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IEC 61850-90-5 has several different profiles

Multicast Security Key Route Management Determination Key Distribution Center (KDC)
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Data Transfer

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Data Transfer Session Layer

Session can carry: Individual GOOSE messages Individual SV messages Re-encapulated GOOSE/SV messages Individual Mngt PDUs Aggregates (e.g. PDC aggregation function) of: GOOSE SV Encapsulations Mngt

IP Multicast services: GOOSE, SV, Tunnel IP Unicast services: Mngt

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Data Transfer Session Layer Security

Hints regarding Key rotation Encryption Algorithm

AES-128-GCM AES-256-GCM

Signature Algorithm

Key management/exchange done out-of-band through GDOI profile/protocol

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Group Domain of Interpretation (GDOI): Phase 1

Utilizes client certificate exchange to establish identity Asymetric keys are used to establish a secure path betweeen 2 nodes for exchange of key information. Symmetric keys used to encrypt TCP/IP packets. Similar to how TLS is used for ICCP-TASE.2

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GDOI Phase 2
Once access to the KDC is authenticated, subscriber requests a policy for a security association (SA) to an IED:
Type of communications (GOOSE or SV) Data Set being transmitted

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GDOI Phase 3
Assuming the client is authorized to access, the KDC responds with GDOI Security Association Payload (SA):
The Current Key Encrypting Key (KEK) in use by the PMU/PDC KEK is a symmetric key used to authenticate data received by the client that is in current use by the PMU/PDC Next KEK that is to be used Time remaining on current KEK

Client receives the IEC 61850-90-5 payloads separately using IP Multicast and authenticates using the KEK.
Must occassionaly reinstate GDOI phases to keep keys up to date.

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Where should the KDC function be placed?

In the device No redundancy required. Can only serve information for the device.

External to device

Redundancy required. Can serve information for the device.

IEC 61850-90-5 SCL modifications allow either approach to be described.

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90-5 also recognized:

No way for a C37.118.2 client to configure a server for what data needs to be delivered.
90-5 makes use of SCL.

Did not want to re-develop measurement techniques.

References C37.118.1

Need to support streaming and events (based upon use cases). Need to support other data besides synchrophasor measurements.

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How to migrate from C37.118 to IEC 61850-90-5

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IEC 61850-90-5
Allows for transmission of time aligned and non-time aligned information (e.g. multiple PDU transmission support). Use of UDP/IPv4/IPv6 allows for the use of multicast addresses, Should allow for late information to be delivered. Will support event driven messaging and streaming.

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How Do You Make This Work In Your Enterprise?

Business Justification

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The Justification Dilemma

BENEFITS

COSTS

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The Justification Dilemma

COSTS BENEFITS

Engineers View of Justification

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The Justification Dilemma

BENEFITS COSTS

Accountants View of Justification

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The Tragedy of Integration and Automation

There are no benefits without some cost

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About Benefits & Justification

To identify the benefits it is necessary to identify ALL the costs:
Equipment Installation Design Commissioning and Testing Utilization Costs over Time Impact on External Systems Costs to Change/Migrate in Future Intangibles (new capability response to changes)

Requires a complete view of cost beyond the initial price. Requires a longer time frame.

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There is no benefit in buying something. The benefit is in using it to improve operations AFTER the purchase.

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Cost Justification Small Use Cases?

Outage Management

SCADA

A one-off point to point link will always be cheaper if the cost to integrate future applications is ignored.

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UCAIug Summit Austin, TX The Result of Justification One App at at Time

Control Center Systems and Applications

RTUs, IEDs, and Other Field Devices

Substation Data Concentrators and Masters

IT Networking and Computer Systems Multitude of Legacy Applications and Systems Energy Market and eCommerce Applications
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Documents, Email, Generic Gateways to Files Customer Sites

Control Center Databases IntraNet and Internet Access

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Gateways to Customer Sites Control Center Systems and Applications Substation Data Concentrators and Masters

IT Networking and Computer Systems

RTUs, IEDs, and Other Field Devices Common Services/Protocols Information Object Models

Nouns includes: power system data, application data, network management data, security data

Verbs include: request, send, query, authenticate, publish, subscribe

Energy Market and eCommerce Applications

Multitude of Legacy Applications and Systems

Control Center Databases 348

IntraNet and Internet Access

Documents, E-mail, Generic Files

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IntelliGrid Architecture http://www.intelligrid.info

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Model-Driven Cost Justification

Cost

Traditional Approaches

Initial Cost May Be Higher

Using Model-Driven Standards

Long term and incremental costs MUCH lower as scope and complexity increase over time

Time
Purchase Price
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A Cautionary Note
Interoperability and Integration of applications is a path, not an end point. By the time we get to were we are going today, someone will have moved the goal. If you dont set out on the path, you will never make any progress.

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Obstacles are those frightful things that appear when you take your eyes off your objective. - Henry Ford

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Questions - Discussion

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Thank You

Ralph Mackiewicz SISCO, Inc. 6605 19 Mile Road Sterling Heights, MI 48314-1408 USA Tel: +1-586-254-0020 x103 Fax: +1-586-254-0053 Email: [email protected]

Systems Integration Specialists Company, Inc.

Copyright 2011 SISCO, Inc.