NUMBER 116

116 2018
£3.95

Printed and Published in Great Britain

 WAR OF WORDS
British Intelligence Warn
European Counterparts Over
Threats to Block Access
to Security Platforms
14

THE INTELLIGENCE MEN

DOXING
Spymasters Lay Foundation For Historic 49
North Korea Nuclear Breakthrough

LANGUAGE OF SPIES

A-Z 52
NEW COVER AND LEGEND
OLD, NEW, FORGOTTEN
AND SIMPLY STRANGE THE EDICT: DARK SKIES
CIA SPY WARS
US intelligence people arrested as China
continues to expand its spy networks

38
The Secret and Deadly Military and
44 Civilian Arms of Russian Intelligence

2 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

 ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

EYE SPY 116

“...The United Kingdom has been instrumental in
making NATO the most successful Alliance in history.”
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ JENS STOLTENBERG, NATO SECRETARY GENERAL
VOLUME XV NUMBER FOUR 2018 (ISSUE 116) GAMES OF ESPIONAGE AND INTELLIGENCE IGNORANCE
ISSN 1364 8446 publication date: JULY 2018
FRONT COVER MAIN IMAGES: US NAVY/GRU
People engage in the world of espionage for many reasons. Most of
Established December 2000 course work for and on behalf of their respective intelligence
services - a legitimate and necessary occupation that helps protect
national security. However, for some, the lore of ‘added financial
reward’ can often turn an official, operative or spy to act in ways that
are dangerous and have implications for many. And, money, lots of
it, appears to have been the ‘trigger’ in several US espionage cases
MAJOR CONTENT GUIDE that have come to light recently. A number of these appear in the
pages of this edition, and reflect properly the dangers of foreign
5 CIA AND VAULT 7 agents and companies offering tempting sums of money - far greater than the average
FBI arrest former CIA/NSA contractor on charges of illegally intelligence officer can earn. It’s my understanding that the actions of one such
passing materials to WikiLeaks individual, was the catalyst that eventually resulted in the demise of the CIA’s main spy
network in the Far East.
6 IRAN AND MOSSAD FOCUS
Case files, nuclear espionage and international incidents reflect Another topic high on the agenda of those involved in the intelligence business, is the
growing animosity between these old adversaries
future relationship between Britain’s primary spy services and Europe, once all the
11 SPACE FORCE protracted arrangements are in place following the UK’s departure from the European
Pentagon and DOD chiefs charged with creating America’s
Union. Some EU politicians are demanding that London is “ejected” from at least four
sixth military wing - the Space Force crucial security mechanisms, including the communications platform under the
auspices of the Galileo project. This is used by various militaries and most intelligence
14 WAR OF WORDS services. Most European intelligence chiefs want Britain to remain in the intelligence
Europe edges Britain out of Galileo security and communica- sharing system, but their opinion is not shared by a number of powerful and very
tions space platform - UK set to retaliate ill-informed politicians who simply do not understand the crucial role and input of
British Intelligence. Thankfully, key military intelligence figures such as NATO
22 NSA WATCHTOWER Secretary Jens Stoltenberg do, and he has offered vital backing to the UK.
New facilities, guidelines and promotions signal separation of
NSA and US Cyber Command MARK BIRDSALL, MANAGING EDITOR

29 EXTRAORDINARY RENDITION
Commentary from MI6 contact people on liaison threads
and an apology from UK Government

35 THE ALLIANCE
Fears of ‘Brexit’ fractures and affect on intelligence sharing
prompt response from senior GCHQ and NATO figures

38 THE EDICT 8 16 29 35
Major examination by Eye Spy Editorial on the secret military
intelligence units used by Russia to carry out specialised
operations, including assassination

44 ORIGINS
H E A D L I N E R S
FBI arrest intelligence people, including at least one who was
allegedly responsible for downfall of CIA spy network in China

47 SEA DRAGON
US and Chinese Intelligence engage in war of words, as MSS
spies secure vital intelligence on top secret US Navy project

49 DOXING - COVER AND LEGEND

38 58 73 82
How the intelligence world has introduced new guidelines on •8 Mike Pompeo • 16 Andrew Parker •29 Abdel Hakin Belhaj
using social media to create a new type of ‘cover and legend’ •35 Jeremy Fleming •38 Vladimir Lenin •58 Arkady Babchenko
58 NO FUNERAL IN KIEV •73 Joseph Fredericks •82 Vladimir Putin
Ukraine Intelligence performs ruse to ‘out’ an alleged Russian
assassin intent on killing anti-Putin journalist, plus a look at I N T E L L I G E N C E C H O I C E
historical examples of Kremlin-backed ‘kill’ missions
THE EDICT: 100 YEARS OF INTEL COMMITMENT
62 ISIS MID-2018 OVERVIEW
Eye Spy analysts present case files and commentary on the ver 100 years ago, Vladimir Lenin said that one particular arm of Russia’s
current position of the terrorist group, including increasing use
of its foreign-based supporters O Communist military should have the ability to act with impunity. Thus
an edict was effectively written into law that has remained a constant
72 TIMELESS INTELLIGENCE/INTEL DIGEST today - enemies and traitors would be hunted down and eliminated. Through-
A candid overview of recent happenings that reflect the ever- out the Cold War that responsibility was given to the GRU -
evolving work of those operating in the intelligence world Russia’s military intelligence service, and today’s intelli-
gence analysts agree that the edict remains in place.
80 THE DECEPTIVE FACTOR PART 13
Mike Finn presents a fascinating feature examining Russian The GRU can call upon various specialist arms of sister
involvement in deception operations known as Maskirova intelligence organisations, and more importantly, all of its
Special Forces who are skilled in overseas operations -
EYE SPY is published eight times a year by Eye Spy Publishing Ltd. All rights some using agents-in-place in foreign lands. This special
reserved. No part of EYE SPY may be reproduced by any means wholly or in part,
without the prior permission of the publisher. Not to be resold, lent, hired out or
feature examines the prowess and power of the GRU.
disposed of by trade at more than the recommended retail price.
Registered Company No. 4145 963 Registered for VAT. ISSN 1473-4362 •38 THE EDICT: DARK SKIES

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 3

 EIFFEL TOWER SECURITY
New Terrorist Counter-measures Introduced

I
n an effort to curb terrorist The armoured glass panels are
attacks against the iconic nearly 10ft high and more than
Eiffel Tower in Paris, French two inches thick weighing 1.5
authorities are building a tons.
surrounding bullet proof glass wall

INTELLIGENCE and a metal fence.

The permanent security belt will

Bernard Gaudillere, president of
The Societe d’Exploitation de la
Tour Eiffel, which manages the
REVIEW•NEWS•DIGEST replace the current metal fencing
installed in 2016 after a series of
tower said, “we decided to build a
new perimeter around the Eiffel
terror attacks in the country. Tower to increase security.”

DOWNING STREET PLOTS

MI5 Thwart ‘Authentic’ Plan to Kill Prime Minister

A
20-year-old ISIS a messaging app in September investigated because his uncle
supporter from 2017. The ruse has been used had joined ISIS and encouraged
London, has gone on successfully in several recent him to launch an attack in the UK.
trial accused of cases, whereby the target believes His uncle was allegedly killed by
plotting to assassinate his communication is secure. an armed CIA-controlled UAV.
Prime Minister Theresa May. A Target -
court heard how Naa’imur In one liaison, he spoke to the “I want to attempt to kill Theresa Theresa May
Zakariyah Rahman plotted to kill agent allegedly congratulating May,” Rahman said. “I want to do
the premier by use of lethal force, Manchester Arena bomber a suicide bomb on Parliament...
in this case by “blade and Salman Abedi who killed 23 my objective is to take out my another defendant, Mohammad
explosion.” people in May 2017, “he done target.” The plan was essentially Aqib Imran, 22, to join ISIS, by
well,” he said. In another to attack the guarded gates of recording a “sponsorship video.”
MI5 used its cyber section exchange he asked Amir, “can you Downing Street and then gain Like Rahmam, Imran pleaded not
specialists to create a fictitious put me in a sleeper cell ASAP.” He access to the premier. guilty to charges of preparing
ISIS official called ‘Amir’ from also explained to his new found terrorist acts, and possessing a
Syria, who befriended Rahman on ISIS friend, that he was being By now the Security Service, document - ‘How to Survive in the
convinced Rahman’s plan was West - A Mujadid’s Guide’.
advancing beyond simple
commentary, decided to act when GATES OF DOWNING STREET
the agent said he was “just days
away” from carrying out the nother man who was
attack. He was duly detained by
officers from New Scotland Yard’s
Counter Terrorism Command. He
A interested in the gates of
Downing Street, has been
convicted of planning a terrorist
was charged with terrorist attack and making explosives.
offences, including conducting Khalid Ali, 28, from London, has
reconnaissance, recording a been found guilty of preparation of
pledge of allegiance to ISIS, and a terrorist act - namely plotting to
delivering a rucksack and jacket to carry out a violent attack on police
be adapted to conceal explosives. officers, politicians and military
personnel in London - and two
Rahman, who has pleaded not counts of making an explosive
guilty, is also charged with helping substance. He became a person

4 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

 © DIETMAR FEICHTINGER ARCHITECTS

NSA & TRACKING DOTS

Contractor Faces Jail After Plea Deal

R
eality Winner, 26, the former
National Security Agency
contractor who was accused
of leaking a classified report to
online news publication The
Intercept, will reportedly change her
plea from non-guilty to guilty as part
of a plea deal.
The renovation, part of a £350
million project announced last Winner, a federal contractor with Reality Winner
year, will also include embellish- Pluribus International Corporation in
Augusta, Georgia, was arrested last pages and a secret series of
ment of the gardens beneath the
June on charges of violating the ‘tracking dots’ on the paper, that
tower and is expected to be
Espionage Act by “removing they had been printed at the NSA’s
completed by September. Jose
classified material from a govern- Georgia offices. Only six people had
Luis Fuentes, an architect at ment facility and mailing it to a news access to those printers, making it
Dietmar Feichtinger Architects, the outlet.” She allegedly copied a easy for federal agents to narrow
company in charge of the project classified NSA report suggesting down the suspects.
said: “It will really look as if the that Russian hackers attacked a US
square [beneath the Eiffel Tower] voting software supplier before the Court documents did not indicate
was open.” 2016 Presidential Election. what exact charge Winner will plead
guilty to, although she was indicted
Around seven million people visit NSA officers were able to deter- for one count of violating the federal
the historic tower every year. mine, by analysing creases in the Espionage Act.

CIA: VAULT 7 LEAKS

FBI Trace One Alleged Source of
WikiLeaks CIA Archive

J
oshua Adam Schulte, 29, a New York US Attorney Geoffrey
former CIA employee from Berman said: “Schulte allegedly
New York City, has been used his access at the CIA to WikiLeaks has secured an
indicted by the US Justice transmit classified material to an intelligence ‘treasure trove’
Khalid Ali Department for unlawful disclosure outside organisation. During the
of classified material to an outside course of this investigation, federal
organisation. Schulte is accused of agents also discovered alleged child
of interest after his fingerprints leaking classified documents to pornography in Schulte’s New York
were found by FBI investigators on WikiLeaks, which posted thousands City residence.
bomb components manufactured of pages of CIA documents
in Afghanistan. Thereafter he had containing secret cyber tool data. “Unlawful disclosure of classified
been surveilled by MI5 A4 Schulte also worked for the NSA for intelligence can pose a grave threat
Watchers outside various five months in 2010 as a systems to our national security, potentially
buildings in Whitehall. engineer, he then joined the CIA as a endangering the safety of Ameri-
software engineer developing cans.” in August 2017. He was released in
programmes to support clandestine September 2017, but in December
Ali was arrested during an armed
CIA operations. He departed Schulte is accused of stealing he was re-arrested for violating the
police operation on 27 April 2017 Langley in November 2016. almost 9,000 classified documents conditions of his release. Currently
as he approached Whitehall from that detailed ‘cyber tools’ used by in a Manhattan jail, he has been
Parliament Street equipped with the CIA. Much of the content was indicted on 13 criminal charges
three knives. He admitted his uploaded by Wikileaks in March relating to the leaks.
liaison with al-Qaida and the 2017, including revealing docu-
Taliban during his trial, and said ments of coded data known as Schulte’s legal protector, Sabrina
that he had detonated more than ‘Vault 7’, in more than 25 Schroff, reportedly told the New
300 bombs in Afghanistan and instalments. York Times: “As the evidence is
elsewhere. flushed out, it will become clear that
Schulte was arrested following an Mr Schulte is hardly the villain the
In an interview with New Scotland FBI investigation and found with government makes him out to be.”
Yard detectives, Ali said he wanted over 10,000 items of child abuse
to “deliver a message to British material. He was charged with three Mr Schulte, who has pleaded not
authorities.” He claimed the knives counts of receipt, possession and guilty, faces charges punishable
Joshua Adam Schulte
were for his protection. transportation of child pornography with up to 135 years in prison.

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 5

IRANIAN INTELLIGENCE COUP
Israel’s Shin Bet security service has accused Gonen Segev, a former
Cabinet Minister who served as Energy and Infrastructure Minister from
1992 to 1995, of spying for Iran and aiding the enemy during wartime

S
egev was jailed in 2005 for © GPO GOVERNMENT PRESS OFFICE
smuggling 30,000 ecstasy
tablets into Israel from the
Netherlands and forging a
diplomatic passport. Released in
2007, he moved to Nigeria (where Nadav Argaman,
contact with Iranian agents was
Director of Shin Bet
allegedly established in 2012), then
to Equatorial Guinea. Police there
handed him over to Israel after the most damaging in Israel’s
refusing to admit him into the history. “It’s quite a coup for the
country based on his criminal Iranians,” he said.
record. He was arrested upon
Gonen Segev pictured with former Israeli
arrival in Israel based on informa- In Iran, newspaper editors hailed
Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin
tion gathered indicating that Segev the event, despite the “outing” of
may have been in communication Segev. One media house described
with Iranian intelligence and assisting Tehran in “activities officials in the security and political the espionage as “more damaging
against Israel.” establishments in Israel, among to Israel than Mordechai Vanunu.”
other things. In this case, of course, Vanunu
According to the Shin Bet, Segev released information on Israel’s
travelled to Iran to meet his Eye Spy sources said that whilst nuclear programme.
handlers. The statement from the the information allegedly given to
Jerusalem District Prosecutor’s Iran was of “low value,” bearing in Interestingly, just as in the case of a
Office said that he was “recruited mind Segev had been “out of the number of recent alleged CIA and
by Iranian intelligence and served political arena for over a decade,” DIA officers accused of spying for
as an agent.” Investigators believe the case is unique in that never the enemy (see elsewhere in this
the connection was first formed before has such a high-ranking edition), Segev told Shin Bet
between Segev and sources in Israeli official (serving or other- interrogators he was “trying to
Iran’s embassy in Nigeria. Later, wise), ever been accused of install himself as a double agent
Segev met with his handlers twice “working for an adversary.” with Iranian Intelligence.” Officials
in Iran allegedly passing informa- at Shin Bet, were having none of it
Gonen Segev - arrested
tion regarding Israel’s energy Chuck Freilich, a former official at and said he was in contact with
on suspicion of spying
sector, security sites in Israel, Israel’s National Security Council undercover Iranian agents who
for Iran structures, and the identity of said the espionage case is one of were disguised as “businessmen.”

IRAN INTELLIGENCE BLOW

Tehran’s Proxy Force Lose Strategic Port in Yemen

S
audi Arabia, UAE and more than 40 targets, has raged for
Alliance forces have several weeks, resulting in a major
captured the airport in blow for Tehran.
Yemen’s key Red Sea port
of Hodeidah from Iranian-sponsored The on-going conflict, dubbed a
Houthis, the group with threads to ‘proxy war’ by some analysts
various terrorist factions, including a between Iran and Saudi Arabia, has
large force of al-Qaida. The assault, already cost 10,000 lives, most due
backed by US Special Forces and to the actions of the Houthis. UAE UK Foreign Office Minister Hugh Robertson with UAE
Apache helicopters which struck Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, Anwar Gargash
Anwar Gargash said: “We are
Martin waiting for them [Houthis] to realise “calculated to avoid civilian Following the successful operation
Griffiths the sort of military and psychologi- casualties.” to liberate large swathes of the city,
cal blow that has resulted from the Griffiths met with senior Alliance
freeing of the airport, we are giving United Nations peace envoy Martin and Yemeni officials.
them some time to decide if they Griffiths, from the UK, who wants to
want to save the city and pull out.” place the port under control of the Both the CIA and MI6 have
He said the Alliance action was UN, has created a back-channel described Iran’s involvement in the
taken with “full consideration of the with Iran in the hope of persuading region as “expansionism.” As for its
fragile humanitarian situation,” and around 2,500 Houthi fighters to proxy forces, the Houthis deny they
added the military action was depart, but this looks unlikely. are “puppets of Iran.”

6 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

MOSSAD & MI6
IRAN MATERIALS RE-EXAMINED
ossad has provided its International Atomic Energy Agency

M counterparts in British
Intelligence with yet
“more evidence” of
Iran’s quest for a nuclear bomb -
this ahead of a key meeting at
(IAEA) officials access to Iran’s
nuclear plants in return for the
withdrawal of many tough
sanctions.

Downing Street between Prime Netanyahu has focussed his

Ministers Theresa May and attention on Britain, who he
Benjamin Netanyahu. The exchange believes will be more understand-
follows the Mossad operation in ing in respect of the intelligence
Tehran, January, when its agents materials secured by the Mossad.
supported by operatives from at Sources in Tel Aviv said the UK has
least one Middle East country, acknowledged the material is
raided a warehouse where Iran has “convincing” and officials have Benjamin Netanyahu and his spy chief Yossi Cohen
stored its main archive containing paid “great attention to certain
dated and modern information on sections.” This includes signed-off its nuclear capacity is almost
its nuclear programme. papers putting much of the secret comical to what we have here
and future nuclear work in (secured intelligence). Iran ran a
Despite “overwhelming evidence” government branches, including fully fledged nuclear weapons
that Israel claims proves Iran weapons-grade uranium enrich- programme.” One intelligence
remains intent on securing a ment. document shows that Iran
nuclear weapon, most countries increased its uranium from 3% to
(USA excluded), still believe Iran, Netanyahu has urged the IAEA to 90% - evidence the Mossad
should remain in the 2015 reinvestigate the evidence against believes proves its nuclear weapon
agreement. This allows the Iran. “What Iran told the IAEA about ambition. Another file reveals the President Hassan Rouhani
task of enrichment was passed
from civil branches to the military. Mossad Director Yossi Cohen said
his organisation was “100%
To add to the ongoing sensitivity of convinced Iran still seeks the
the affair, which some intelligence bomb.” This follows an ‘off-the-
analysts warn could lead to a cuff’ remark he made recently
military strike against Tehran, Iran’s about its operation in Tehran.
Supreme Leader Ayatollah Cohen said, “it is a great pleasure
Khamenei has said Iran would not to steal from the Persians.”
tolerate external pressure and had
the right to “re-energise” its nuclear • Iran’s President Hassan Rouhani
programme and increase uranium is scheduled to meet with senior
enrichment. “If the deal is broken, Swiss and Austrian officials in
Iran has put in place measures to Vienna, headquarters of the IAEA,
reignite and increase the process of as he seeks additional funding to
Iran Foreign Minister Mohammad Javed Zarif pictured with uranium enrichment,” said a keep his country within the 2015
IAEA officials at the nuclear watchdog headquarters in Vienna Mossad source. agreement.

A TICKING TIME BOMB

Former Director CIA on Iran and Cyber Threats
and Iran’s malign activities in the

F
ormer CIA Director David
Petraeus, recently attended rest of the Middle East.”
a conference at Israel’s Tel
Aviv University on national Petraeus was asked what three
security and cyber issues. pieces of advice he would give
President Trump if he had a few
In his remarks, Petraeus said he minutes with him. “I think I’d just
welcomes the United States’ limit it to one, and I would focus Former D/CIA David Petraeus at the Tel Aviv conference
recent withdrawal from the Iran on the threats to America’s critical
nuclear agreement because, “it infrastructure. My concern is the states can be deterred but I don’t keep an organisation from hitting
will see much greater pressure put concept or idea of a cyber know how you deter an extremist the send key if they have the
on Iran, not just in areas covered weapon of mass destruction in element like ISIS which is willing ability to shut down the electrical
by the nuclear deal, but also with the hands of an entity that’s very to blow itself up on the battlefield grid of the eastern United States
regard to its missile programme hard to deter,” he said. “Nation to take us with it. How do you and to keep it down?”

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 7

Spymasters Lay Foundation For NK Nuclear Breakthrough

THE INTELLIGENCE MEN

BEHIND CLOSED DOORS
12 Months of Back-Channel
Negotiations Between Spy
Chiefs of Five Nations Leads to
Trump-Kim Jong-un Summit

L
ate last year, Vice Chairman Kim
Yong-chol - former head of North
Korea’s Reconnaissance General
Bureau, the country’s main
intelligence service, met with CIA
Director Mike Pompeo. The men
discussed various military and intelligence
topics, not least Pyongyang’s charge towards
securing long-range ballistic and nuclear
weapons - and America’s likely response. The
‘bridge card’ talks followed guidance from
South Korea’s National Security Advisor
Chung Eui-yong and China’s Chen Wenqing,
head of the Ministry of State Security.
Thereafter all manner of meetings followed having a major conflict with North Korea. Kim
involving CIA and defence officials with their Jong-un responded just weeks later by telling
counterparts from North Korea, including his people: “If the US awkwardly attempts to
plans for a reciprocal visit to the United States provoke North Korea, it will not escape from
in May this year. This duly culminated in a the biggest disaster in history.” Clever rhetoric
meeting at the White House on 1 June and a ‘veil of fog’ - all the while of course - the
between Trump and Yong-chol - here a letter planners of an historic meeting discussed a
of intent and willingness of North Korea [to pivotal agenda.
discuss peace] was ‘hand-delivered’ to the
President in the Oval Office. Parallel to the intelligence back-channel talks,
were other meetings; Jong-un travelled to
VEIL OF FOG China in March where he was briefed and
guided by Chinese leader Xi Jingping. He also
To keep face, is was necessary for Trump and met with South Korea’s President Moon Jae-in Kim Jong-
Jong-un to issue strong ‘nationalistic’ a few weeks later where both Korea’s formally un and Mike
statements. In April 2018, the US President agreed to end the Korean War and work Pompeo
said “there was a chance we could end up towards a nuclear-free Korean Peninsula.

Former D/CIA Mike Pompeo

watches President Trump arrive
on Air Force One at Paya Lebar
Air Base, Singapore

8 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

 THE LIAISON MAN
12 June. Pompeo
discusses the outcome
of the summit with key
parties in South Korea
and Japan

Former NK spy chief Kim Yong-

chol. His 12-month liaison with
the CIA was crucial

Another key player in

the intelligence
planning of the
summit, was Japan.
Prime Minister Shinzo
Abe along with his
intelligence chiefs
Chen Wenqing provided valuable
information on North
Korea’s nuclear and inter-continental missile
programmes.

By the summer of 2018, of course, Pompeo

had left Langley and taken on the role as
Secretary of State, but his relations, fostered
with the intelligence people in North and South March 2018. South Korea’s National Security Director and Kim Jong-un. Jong-
Korea, as well as China, made him an integral un is holding a key document from SK President Moon-Jae-in - one of but a
player in opening doors and laying the number which paved the way for the United States-North Korea agreement
foundation for President Trump’s historic
meeting with NK leader Kim Jong-un in June as the South China Seas. These face-to-face by all manner of intelligence and political
2018. All of these liaisons were the stepping encounters were the result of a myriad of analysts. It is a world rarely reported upon by
stones, of what many defence leaders hope complex networks and unreported communi- the media - but crucial to engagement and the
will lead to calmer waters in the Far East, cations ‘manufactured’ and controlled by planning of such high-profile meetings.
though tensions remain in disputed areas such intelligence and military commanders guided

April 2018. Korea Liaison. The

leaders of both Koreas, Kim Jong-un
and Moon Jae-in meet to discuss
President Trump meets Kim Jong-un flanked by key US intelligence people, peace and the ending of decades of
including Pompeo and National Security Advisor John Bolton mistrust and conflict

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 9

 THE SIXTH BR
COUNTERING HORIZO

Sign of the times... President Trump receives a letter from

Kim Jong-un from NK intelligence man Kim Yong-chol

At the Jong-un-Trump summit ers]. All parties agreed to continue

itself, held in Singapore, a to hold on-going meetings and

N
carefully scripted agenda was meet regularly. early 20 years have passed
adhered to, with the occasional since then US Defense
‘off-the-cuff’ remark being made. After the successful meeting, one Secretary Donald Rumsfeld
A number of key agreements were crafted and engineered by all proposed that the US
made, perhaps the most surpris- manner of gifted intelligence military have a dedicated
ing being the United States people, who also had to project organisation whose primary work
commitment to provide security their thoughts on future horizon theatre would be in space - “a Space
guarantees to North Korea. Other threats should the agreement Force,” he declared. Defence and
activities, such as joint military derail, falter or collapse altogether intelligence officials moved away and
exercises between the United (as have others in the past) the idea was quietly shelved. Now
States and South Korea were also President Trump declared “North the subject has been raised again in
Donald Rumsfeld
discussed, and both countries Korea is no longer a nuclear threat Washington.
agreed that they will be phased to peace.”
out or involve the North [observ- President Trump has ordered senior Pentagon and Department of
Defence officials to establish a sixth branch of its armed forces - a
‘Space Force’. Mr Trump said it would be “separate but equal” to the
USAF. The proposal comes from a growing debate inside military and
political circles about how best to counter threats posed to American
space assets by potential enemies: namely Russia and China. Pentagon
officials, armed with credible intelligence secured from various
organisations, have long warned that a number of adversaries have
built, or are in the process of creating advanced weaponry that will
enable them to destroy US satellites - thus disabling vital infrastructure
that provides the military with communications, navigation, and
intelligence capabilities the US and its allies will need in a future war.
COURTESY NASA

THE SUMMIT OUTCOME

Following the Trump-Jong-un meeting, a document was released
outlining various points debated and proposed:
• The United States and the DPRK commit to establish new
US-DPRK relations in accordance with the desire of the peoples
of the two countries for peace and prosperity.
• The United States and the DPRK will join their efforts to build a
lasting and stable peace regime on the Korean Peninsula.
• Reaffirming the 27 April 2018 Panmunjom Declaration, the DPRK 18 June 2018. President Donald Trump holds up Space Policy
commits to work towards the complete denuclearisation of the Directive - 3 after signing it during a meeting of the National
Korean Peninsula. Space Council in the East Room of the White House. Chaired
by the Vice President, the council’s role is to advise the
• The United States and the DPRK commit to recovering POW/
President regarding national space policy and strategy, and
MIA remains including the immediate repatriation of those already
review the nation’s long-range goals for space activities
identified.

10 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

 MDA interceptor

BRANCH
RIZON THREATS

United States 1986. A Defense Intelligence Agency

illustration depicting a Soviet ‘killer

to Establish a satellite’ destroying a satellite

Whilst the main focus of the Space Force will

Space Force undoubtedly be threats posed by other nations
intent on damaging America’s military
capabilities, analysts have also said it could
be used to protect the planet as a whole - this
from threats arriving from outer space.
“Some of the threats are physical and Commentators who are backing the
advanced, others are inextricably linked to organisation have highlighted moments in time
cyber warfare,” a source close to the new when civilisation itself could have been wiped
project said. Speaking ahead of a meeting with out. “Sixty-five million years ago, an asteroid
the National Space Council, Mr Trump said: hit the Yucatan region on Earth - resulting in
“This time, we will do more than plant our flag the complete demise of the dinosaurs,”
and leave our footprints. We will establish a warned one commentator. A similar event
long-term presence, expand our economy, and today, note scientists, would destroy the
build the foundation for the eventual mission human race.
to Mars. It’s not enough to merely have an
American presence in space, we must have Speaking of deep space threats, a NASA
American dominance in space.” analyst declared: “To paraphrase the state-
USAF Vice Chief of Staff General ment made by the Roman author Publius
Analysts recognise that in space, the David Goldfein Flavius Vegetius Renatus, if we want to
environment is a world away from other continue to live, prepare for our annihilation.”
theatres - air, sea, and land where US armed “Any move that actually ends up
forces are accustomed to fighting. This separating space as opposed to Sources claim the official responsible for
conclusion has led senior officials to request integrating space, is a move in establishing the Space Force, or at least in
that a special pseudo-military and space force the wrong direction...” laying down its foundation, is Chairman of the
be established whereby its focus will be both Joint Chiefs of Staff Joseph Dunford, one of
defensive and pro-active, giving the US a satellites and other platforms. This will require the country’s most experienced and respected
“dynamic edge” in the future. a fully functional defensive shield to destroy, if military commanders. Another key player is
necessary, “enemy satellite killers.” Similarly, Defense Secretary James Mattis. He has
Amongst an array of topics which a newly officials believe that by operating such a already been granted a slice of the Pentagon’s
established Space Force will encounter, is system, it will deter opponents from launching astonishing $700 billion funding.
creating credible counter-measures to protect attacks on US satellites.

Besides its operational role in space, officials

believe the Space Force will augment
conventional arms of US defence, security and
monitoring organisations, such as those
within the US Intelligence Community (all
agencies). Other agencies such as the Coast
Guard, weather units and police services will
also benefit. However, how this will impact on
other space-orientated organisations such as
the Air Force Space Command, Space and
Missile Defense Agency (MDA), plus army
and air force space agencies, is unknown.
One official seemingly opposed to the Space
Force is USAF Vice Chief of Staff General
David Goldfein. He warned, “any move that
actually ends up separating space as opposed President Trump pictured with
Joseph Dunford, Chairman of the
to integrating space, is a move in the wrong Defense Secretary James Mattis and
Joint Chiefs of Staff
direction.” Vice President Mike Pence

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 11

the mossad: intelligence focus © IAEA PHOTO LIBRARY

LIBYA SANCTION
THE MOSSAD CONTRACTORS
A typical Uranium mine - Namibia.
Inset: Uranium yellowcake concentrate

uranium that could enable them to In Libya, officials acknowledged

build a nuclear bomb, a military the assassination of two Iranians.
coalition will be formed to oppose Sources claim they were negotiat-
them,” said Katz. ing with rebel groups to determine
the best option of actually
NEW MOSSAD OPERATION? transferring mined uranium out of
Libya to Iran. Also part of the
Almost certainly connected to this delegation’s wider agenda -
ambition - the alleged assassina- meetings to forge links with groups
tion of two suspected Iranian intent on seizing power.
intelligence officials in Libya in
Middle East Media Houses early June. Media houses in the Eye Spy believes the Mossad
Middle East (including Israel) state operates one of its largest field
Report on the Assassination the men were attached to an stations in the world in Tunisia -
Iranian diplomatic mission which monitoring terror groups and inter-
of Two Iranian Nuclear had been despatched to the North action of militias and groups intent
Africa country by the intelligence on exploiting instability throughout
Contact Men in Libya division of Iran’s Islamic Revolu- the region.
tionary Guard Corps. No reference
to the Mossad was made. In 2014, IAEA investigators
s Iran threatens to re-

A
“Technically, we are prepared to discovered nearly 6,500 barrels of
energise its nuclear enrich uranium higher than we The Iranians who had arrived in uranium yellowcake stored in a
programme if the IAEA used to produce before the 2015 Libya from neighbouring Tunisia, former Libyan military facility. This
deal falters, Tehran has deal was reached,” he declared. were shot at close range. The stockpile was part of Colonel
once again started its search for On 6 June, Iranian intelligence gunmen calmly exited the area. Gaddafi’s covert attempt to build a
uranium for enrichment purposes. officials told the United Nations Media sources claim the Mossad nuclear bomb which ended in
the “process had begun.” had tracked their movements from 2003. While most of Libya’s
In early May, Iran’s most senior the very moment they arrived in enriched uranium was destroyed
nuclear official, Akbar Salehi Israel’s intelligence czar, Yisrael Tunisia. Several unreported and removed by 2009, intelligence
warned if the US pulls out of the Katz, called for a “broad coalition” meetings took place between the officials believe large stockpiles of
deal Iran would forge ahead with to oppose Tehran’s new mind-set. Iranian delegation and unidentified yellowcake exist in the country.
increased uranium production. “If the Iranians return to enriching figures attached to pro-Iranian Similarly, the CIA believes that
Shi’ite militias. The Libya group shadowy militias in Libya can still
allegedly having access to obtain uranium from neighbouring
working uranium mines. Niger - a “traderoute not fully

Prime Minister Benjamin

Netanyahu and Minister for Major General Mohammad Ali Jafari head of the IRGC
Intelligence Yisrael Katz pictured with former President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

12 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

 EYE SPY BEST-SELLERS

SURVEILLANCE
HIGH-QUALITY REAR VISION
SURVEILLANCE SUNGLASSES

Iranian politicians burn the American flag after President

Trump announced he was pulling the United States out of
the 2015 IAEA deal with Iran
(IISS) admitted that there was
enough radiological materials left
at Tajoura, a coastal location 25
miles east of Tripoli, “to create
dirty bombs.” USED ONLY
Olli Heinonen, former chief of the
BY PROFESSIONALS
UN nuclear inspections team and Eye Spy Intelligence Magazine rear-vision
IAEA official, commented on surveillance sunglasses have a black-
Mossad intelligence secured
following a daring raid on a Tehran metal designer frame, rubber-backed ear
‘documents’ warehouse’ in drop-over (for comfort) and superb glass
January 2018. “I just saw a lot of lenses. They also come in a tough smart
pictures I had seen before,” he black carry case. Don’t confuse these
Olli Heinonen said. He claimed the material
(documentation and imagery) was glasses with other cheap models that are
understood, but one that could be first delivered by Iran to inspectors easily spotted, or others that carry the Eye
exploited,” a former Langley in 2003. Whilst he acknowledged Spy name. The reflective mirror in our
officer from its National Clandes- the Iranian work was “credible” it
glasses is actually embedded into the lens
tine Service (NCS) said. had all ceased.
and impossible to detect
Another on-going concern for the As for Libya, the general consen-
intelligence community is the sus of the intelligence community
possibility that spent nuclear is that a great many nuclear
materials from the Gaddafi-era materials have not been fully
remain in Libya and could well fall recovered in Libya.
into the hands of terrorist factions,
including ISIS. Indeed, the terror
group now has a large concentra-
tion of fighters in Libya who have
fled the Middle East arena, and are
intent on gaining a firm foothold in
North Africa.

The Mossad, MI6 and CIA - all

have prepared summary reports
that state ISIS could prepare
radiological weapons (‘dirty Order code:
bombs’) for distribution in Europe
and elsewhere. TX-RVS
UK £30.00
Much of the material was once USA $35.00
stored at the country’s Tajoura Fayez al-Sarraj, Chairman of ROW £35.00
Research Centre - radioactive the Presidential Council of
waste, radioisotopes and other Libya and Prime Minister.
tools deeply contaminated. Most Analysts warn he remains
of this has disappeared over time. largely a “figurehead” with Please use order form on page 82 or visit:
Mark Fitzpatrick of the Interna- little control over militias and [Link]
tional Institute of Strategic Studies fragmented alliances

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 13

 WAR OF WORDS and see the UK wanting “the best of both
worlds.” However, UK intelligence and political

INTELLIGENCE COOPERATION
figures have warned if Britain is “ejected” from
Galileo, or Europe restricts its organisations
from some of its security platforms, it will
embark on a major navigational satellite
system of its own.

UK INTELLIGENCE INPUT

For the best part of eighteen months, UK and

European ministers, often joined by their
respective intelligence officials, have engaged
in conversation and held several meetings to
work on a new system of post-Brexit
intelligence sharing. Britain’s intelligence
services are easily the biggest contributor to
civilian and military intelligence into the
European ‘pool’. Speaking of the importance
of intelligence collection, analysis and
cooperation, Parker told his international
colleagues: “European intelligence cooperation
today is simply unrecognisable to what it
British Intelligence Warn European looked like five years ago. In today’s uncertain
world we need that shared strength more than
Counterparts Over Threats to Block ever.”

Access to Security Platforms Mr Parker’s predecessor, Lord Jonathan

Evans, who headed MI5 from 2007 to 2013,
also attacked the current “intelligence sharing

A
t the annual security conference that Britain would lessen security cooperation negativity.” He too said the UK contributed far
hosted by Germany’s domestic if access to Galileo was stopped.
intelligence service - BfV - in
Berlin, MI5 Director-General Headquartered in Prague, Czech Republic, and
Andrew Parker, took a side- operated by the European Global Navigation
swipe at Kremlin spy chiefs and Satellite Systems Agency (GSA) and the
told his counterparts in European Union European Space Agency (ESA), the stand-
countries, that intelligence cooperation was alone Galileo GPS system is used by Britain’s
more necessary than ever.* This follows a armed forces and some ‘commercial’
further clash between the UK and EU security endeavours for navigation. The UK has already
officials who are looking to evict or block contributed 1.5 billion euros to Galileo.
Britain from entry into the important 10 billion
euro Galileo global navigation satellite system The dispute stems from the UK vote to exit the
(GNSS) and associated programmes. The EU (Brexit). Some intelligence agencies in European Global Navigation Satellite
European Commission has said a Galileo Europe have already referenced the “guarded Systems Agency (GSA) HQ, Prague,
control centre will be moved from the UK to and unique” intelligence relationship that Czech Republic
Spain. In response, Downing Street warned exists between Britain and the United States,

14 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

ESA Mission Control at the European European Space
Space Operations Centre, Agency (ESA)
Darmstadt, Germany headquarters in
Paris

Galileo GOT
Station,
more Redu,
Belgium
intelligence to
Europe than
was received
in return. “It’s
not something
where we are
coming with
nothing to
add,” he said. thousands of exchanges on advanced secure hasty extradition of individuals) and a new and
“In fact, we networks [take place] every week.” Besides tighter regulated Schengen agreement -
intelligence agency liaison, other information dubbed the Second Generation Schengen
Lord Jonathan Evans add, I would
think, is drawn from an array of areas - and it would Information System (SIS II). Schengen
considerably more than we get in a number of be ignorant to dismiss the impact on UK essentially allows free border access to
areas of cooperation in Europe on national security if spy agencies such as MI5 and anyone travelling in Europe and has been
security. This means we are able to contribute police organisations, including New Scotland widely criticised, not just by British security
heavily to the security of our European Yard, if they were blocked from receiving or chiefs, but also by their counterparts on
friends.” sourcing intelligence. mainland Europe. Schengen allows terrorists
to enter and pass through European borders
As for the war against terrorism, the Mr Parker Primary European entities currently sourced with little chance of being caught. It has also
referenced what is in fact, the “world’s largest for intelligence are: EUROPOL, the EU’s police been criticised for allowing the easy move-
counter-terrorism enterprise.” Thirty nations and security agency; European Criminal ment of weapons from outside Europe.
make up the Counter Terrorism Group - Records Information Centre (ECRIS); Organised criminal gangs too have utilised the
“where real-time intelligence sharing involving European Arrest Warrant (a system allowing system. *See also page 62

MI5 Director-General Andrew Parker and his counterpart in

Germany’s BfV, Dr Hans-Georg Maassen

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 15

 SKRIPAL SANCTION Sergei
Skripal

THE FOG OF LIES

MI5 Director-General Launches Vociferous
Attack on Moscow’s Spies

T
he fall-out from the attempted
assassination of ex-Russian Ambassador
intelligence officer and MI6 spy, Alexander
Sergei Skripal continues. At the Yakovenko
BfV conference, MI5 D-G Parker launched into
a vigorous speech warning of “rising state
aggression.” The focus of his comments -
Russia. He said the Kremlin is “pursuing an
agenda through aggressive and pernicious
actions by its military and intelligence
services.” He called the Skripal incident a
“deliberate and targeted malign activity.” He
said Moscow’s actions undermined European
democracies and accused the Kremlin of
“flagrant breaches of international rules.”
Parker said: “The reckless attempted assassi- Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov
nation of Sergei Skripal, using a highly lethal
nerve agent put numerous lives at risk,
including that of his daughter [Yulia].” whereby many nations expelled Russian “We see it as a murder attempt of Russian
diplomats and spies. citizens and huge political provocations and
DISINFORMATION WAR burden of proof lies with the UK side,” said
Russia responded to his “fog of lies” com- Zakharova. “They still refuse to provide
References to the dark arts and propaganda, ment in typical fashion. A London Embassy consular access saying Yulia does not want to
cyberwarfare, plus the misuse of media tweet read: ‘By the way, it’s Britain that is communicate with any Russian representa-
houses were also highlighted. He condemned notorious for fogs...’ And Russia’s UK tives while Sergei is a national of [the] UK. We
the “unprecedented level of disinformation” Ambassador Alexander Yakovenko has twice see it as forceful containment...”
which was out-poured following the assassi- said “Britain abducted the couple.”
nation attempt. This he said, “highlights the The continuing war of words between London
need to shine a light through the fog of lies, FORCEFUL CONTAINMENT and Moscow comes amidst alleged covert
half-truths and obfuscation that pours out of attempts by the Kremlin, to make contact with
their propaganda machine.” And in relation to In Moscow, attempts are still being made to the Skripals using family members based in
this, he thanked the 28-members of the EU for seek consular access to the Skripals. Russian Russia. In the latest inter-action, Yulia’s cousin
their immediate support following the incident, Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said: “Russia Victoria Skripal has been refused a visa on
is worried over the health and position of the two occasions.
Skripals, whom the British authorities dragged
into this provocation. The British authorities’ Foreign Ministry
refusal to grant consular access is a reason spokeswoman
enough to consider the current situation as Maria Zakharova
abduction or intentional isolation. This is
utterly unacceptable.”

Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria

Zakharova dismissed Mr Parker’s comments
and said British Intelligence was casting a
“veil of secrecy” over the incident. She also
claimed the Skripals are being held against
Yulia Skripal - still in hiding their will at secret locations.

16 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

INSIDE OUT
THE LIEGE RECRUIT: CRIMINAL TURNED TERRORIST
Police targeted again in Belgium by ISIS lone wolf,
as intelligence and security officials question if
much more can be done to stop prison inmates
falling for the rhetoric and ideology of ISIS

L
one wolf ISIS supporter Benjamin serving time for drug offences. Fouad had
Herman, 36, was shot and killed reported threads to Syria, in respect that he
after launching a vicious knife and told jail staff he would “cherish the opportu-
gun attack in the city of Liege, nity” to visit the country and fight for ISIS. Eye
Belgium. He also briefly took one Spy sources say his name was on a terrorist
civilian hostage. Herman, a Belgian watchlist. Other names linked to terrorism and
citizen, was a known violent criminal, but former inmates in Lantin Prison, where
authorities had not understood or recognised Herman was being held, include Khalid El
his growing links to terrorism. However, Bakraoui. He participated in the 22 March
security sources now acknowledge he was 2016 attack which left dozens dead after
radicalised by an ISIS recruiter, referred to as terrorists detonated body-worn IEDs at
‘Fouad D’, 39, whilst in prison, where he was Maalbeek Metro Station in Brussels, 2016.

Police officers Lucile Garcia and Scene of the latest terror

Soraya Belkacemi incident in Belgium

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 17

 BACKGROUND

Herman was given two days of family leave

from Lantin Prison in order to prepare him for
life outside prison (he was due for release in
approximately 18 months). This was despite a
lengthy criminal record including armed
robbery to fund his heroin use, assault and
drug charge convictions. He had also been
referenced and named by Belgian security
services in three reports on radicalism. A
prison service assessment official said that he
was “ultra violent.” Asked about such
Herman lies dead concerns, Prime Minister Charles Michel said
Herman was “not on a terror watchlist
because there was no reason to give him such
a qualification.” His comments have been
disputed by opponents. Others want to know
why Belgium lowered its threat level in
January 2018, this despite concerns from
domestic intelligence agencies, and even MI5.
The move resulted in hundreds of troops being
removed from city streets and security
lowered at police stations.

Belgium federal magistrate Wenke Roggen

said that the attack was considered “terrorist
murder and attempted terrorist murder.” She
said it’s being treated as such due to the
Herman brandishes two firearms actions of Herman, which she says mimicked
taken from his police victims: Inset: ISIS calls via video to attack police with knives
alleged recruiter Fouad and steal their weapons. Roggen confirmed

Phillippe Dulieu

2016. Maalbeek Metro Station in public statements that as he launched his

Brussels. Inset: Khalid El Bakraoui attack, he shouted “Allahu Akbar” and was in
contact with known radicalised people.

THE ATTACK

On 28 May, just hours after his release from

Lantin Prison, police said Herman murdered
one-time fellow inmate and heroin user
Michael Wilmet, 29 in his home town of
Marche-en-Famenne. Hours later at 10.30am,
Herman struck again outside the Café des
Augustins on the central Boulevard d’Avroy in
Liege, a city close to the German and Dutch
borders. Belgian officials said Herman began
his attack by hunting down two policewomen
who were checking parking meters, slashing
them from behind with a boxcutter.

“An individual with a knife stabbed the two

policewomen, assaulted them from behind,
inflicting multiple stab wounds,” said Liege
prosecutor Philippe Dulieu. “He then seized
their service firearms, used them on the police
officers, who were killed, then continued to
attack a parked vehicle and fired on a 22-year-
old man who was occupying the passenger
seat. This young man was killed.” He was

18 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

 2016. Belgian troops on the
streets of Brussels. Earlier this
year hundreds were recalled
BEHIND CLOSED WALLS
to ‘normal duties’ following Radicalisation and Recruitment
the lowering of the threat level
in Belgium

Lantin Prison near Liege

T
he threat of an individual becoming
radicalised or recruited by a terror
group to a certain cause, is histori-
cal, rather than a modern phenomena.
However, in the past two decades much
focus has been on countering the threat of
al-Qaida and more recently, ISIS supporters.

Countries around the world have launched

initiatives, and though some intelligence
services report success in a number
Prime Minister Charles Michel programmes, the threat is still evolving. In the
UK, the latest endeavour was rolled out in
April. A specialist force of around 100
later named experienced counter-terrorism officers drawn
as trainee from New Scotland Yard and MI5, have
teacher Cyril traversed the country training and advising
prison staff on how to deter inmates on
Vangriecken
joining groups such as ISIS. Other training
(left) who includes noting signs that they have already
had been decided to join a terror cause.
travelling
with his The initiative, authorised and controlled by the
mother who Ministry of Justice, follows an intelligence
was outside overview that ‘Islamic extremism is a growing
the vehicle. problem in UK prisons’. As part of the new
programme, those inmates who are regarded
Liege Police
as dangerous or recruiters are being held in
chief separate detention buildings.
Christian Beaupere said he was convinced the
sole objective of Herman, who he described In late 2017, literature which may influence
as an assassin, “was to kill police officers.” people was also outlawed, as were those
Belkacemi was the mother of 13-year-old twin inmates who engaged in worship which
The two dead police officers were named as daughters whose father was deceased. He promotes anti-British beliefs or is supportive
Lucile Garcia, 45, and Soraya Belkacemi, 53. also served as a police officer. of violence.

Speaking of the new initiative, former Prisons

Minister Sam Gyimah said the new specialist
team and its work will “bolster our response
to threats posed by radicalisation behind
bars.”

The first call to place extremists in special units

was made in 2016, after several investigations
by undercover MI5 operatives identified ISIS
recruiters targeting inmates vulnerable to
radicalisation.

Sam Gyimah

Belgium federal magistrate Wenke Roggen (left) and investigating

magistrate Eric Van der Sypt speak about the incident

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 19

 TERRORISM granted temporary release from jail. He said:
“Everyone in Belgium is asking the same
Herman then ran into question: ‘How is it possible that someone
the nearby Athénée convicted for such serious acts was allowed
Léonie de Waha high to leave prisons?’”
school and took a
cleaner hostage. He Senior intelligence officials in Belgium are also
asked her if she was a under pressure to explain why a suspected
Liege Police chief Muslim. She replied in terrorist was not surveilled after he was given
Christian Beaupere the affirmative and he a 48-hour pass. “It happens [surveillance] in
released her. Belgian CT specialists arrived at other countries,” a police source said, “why
the scene within minutes as police surrounded not in Belgium?”
the building. In an exchange of gunfire, four
police officers were injured in the attack, one Belgium has suffered a number of fatal
seriously. “He came out firing at police, terrorist incidents involving ISIS supporters in
wounding a number of them, notably in the the last few years. A terror cell based in
legs - he was shot dead,” said a prosecutor Brussels orchestrated the attacks in Paris in
from Dulieu’s office. Herman was struck by a 2015, resulting in 130 deaths; and in the city Questions - Deputy Prime Minister
minimum of 20 bullets. Investigating magis- itself, 32 were killed by ISIS in 2016. In the Alexander de Croo
trate Eric Van der Sypt said the incident had all same years, ISIS fanatics stabbed police
the hallmarks of an ISIS attack. “The facts are officers in Charkeroi, Molenbeek and Brussels. release by ISIS ‘media arm‘, Aamaq, claiming
qualified as terrorist murder and attempted Western intelligence agencies believe some it was behind the shootings, but offered no
terrorist murder.” cells remain undetected in the country. supporting evidence. A statement said
Belgium was targeted because it was part of a
Belgium’s Deputy Prime Minister Alexander de Forty-eight hours later, various websites group fighting ISIS in the Middle East. “That’s
Croo questioned why Herman had been operated by ISIS followers, published a press hardly likely,” a Belgium security official said.

2011 LIEGE TERROR ATTACK

Latest Terror Incident in Belgium Rekindles
body. Some analysts are compar-
ing his life-style to that of Herman,
for just like him he had no known
links to any terrorist group, nor
Painful Memories for Citizens of Liege any mental illness problems, but
n December 2011, non- was fixated on drugs and

I
began a shooting spree with an
aligned terrorist, 33-year-old automatic rifle which killed five weapons. No real reason for his
Nordine Amrani, a French- people and injured over 100 actions has ever been presented.
speaking Belgium national of others. During his attack, he also
Moroccan descent, embarked on threw at least four hand grenades.
a deadly action that would result As counter-terrorist police arrived,
in the deaths of six innocent he took out a high-powered
people. Magnum revolver and calmly shot
himself in the head.
As shoppers gathered at the
Christmas market in Saint It later transpired that Amrani had
Lambert Square, Amrani, climbed earlier killed a cleaning lady in his Saint Lambert Square, Liege. Inset Nordine Amrani
on to the roof of a bakery and apartment block and hidden her

20 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

 CAMP X-RAY
Rear Admiral John Ring

ALL CHANGE AT GUANTANAMO duced, as a new kind of colour

coding for the guard force.

Two possible new inmates are

E
arlier this year, President such as ISIS, al-Qaida and others, of 1,800 military and civilians Alexanda Kotey and Elsheikh,
Trump revoked his will be around for decades. US personnel. With the maximum- currently being held by Kurdish
predecessor’s closure Navy Rear Admiral John Ring, the security Camp 5 prison just Alliance forces in Iraq. The
notice of Camp X-Ray at prison commander, says staff are recently reopened, after a operatives were allegedly part of
the Guantanamo Bay Navy Base in now preparing for an “enduring cellblock was reworked into a an infamous ISIS terror cell
Cuba. Far from scaling down the mission.” clinic and mental health ward, the dubbed ‘the Beatles’ called as
high security prison, plans are detention centre has been such because of the nationality
underway to accept more inmates Once the home to over 100 expanded to take in another 40 and accent.
until at least 2050. This analysts dangerous terrorists, most aligned men.
believe is an indication that the to al-Qaida, Guantanamo today
threat of terrorism from groups has just 40 prisoners and a staff A UNIFORM CHANGE

However, gone are the ‘infamous’

orange uniforms that were used
as a recruiting symbol for al-
Qaida, ISIS and protesters of the Elsheikh and Kotey
facility. “ISIS, you know, have
used and executed people in Cell members have been charged
orange jumpsuits,” said the with the torture and murder of at
admiral’s cultural adviser - least four US nationals in Syria. In
identified only as ‘Zaki. Sources February 2018, the two captives
say three versions of prisoner were stripped of their British
The uniforms were ‘adopted by ISIS’ and worn by captives uniform, navy blue, white and nationality, opening a corridor for
beige versions are being intro- their removal to Cuba.

NEW RICIN THREAT

consisted of members of the local
police, intelligence officers and
scientists from the Robert Koch
ISIS INTERNET CALL HEEDED Institute, Berlin, the German
Government agency tasked with
29-year-old Tunisian-born of a coffee grinder and 3,150 monitoring hazards to public

A ISIS sympathiser, named

by authorities as Sief Allah
H., has been arrested in
Cologne, Germany, on suspicion
of planning an ISIS-inspired attack
castor seeds. Ricin is 6,000 times
more potent than cyanide - and
there is no known antidote.
Authorities placed the target under
surveillance in the city of Cologne,
near the Belgian and Dutch
borders. By June, police discov-
health.

German officials said that the man

remains in custody and has been
charged with violating Germany’s
and building a “biological weapon ered he had produced enough War Weapons Control Act (known
using ricin.” A source in ricin to dispense as many as as Kriegswaffenkontrollgesetz)
Germany’s BfV intelligence 1,000 lethal doses. and “preparing a serious act of
service, said ISIS militants had violence against the state.”
experimented with ricin in the past Holger Muench, President of the
and had also manufactured it. ISIS Federal Criminal Office (FCO), said
have produced detailed instruc- that the suspect had manufac-
tions on the Internet on how to tured the biological weapon, a
produce ricin in a handbook. poison found in castor beans, and
Holger that “objects had been found in
The BfV received a tip-off that the Muench searches that could be used to
man had made online purchases make a bomb.” Search parties Robert Koch Institute, Berlin

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 21

 THE NSA WATCH TOWER

New Intelligence Building

Marks Separation of NSA
from US Cyber Command

I
n early May, the NSA and US Cyber headquarters of the important Marine Corps
Command (USCC), both headed by new Forces Cyberspace Command. The building,
Director General Paul Nakasone, set to become fully operational in August, is
announced the official opening of the the first completed project that will eventually
NSA’s Integrated Cyber Center and Joint house 20,000 staffers.
Operations Center (ICC/JOC) - a half
billion dollar venture which began almost eight A NEW INTELLIGENCE THREAT
years ago. The move is another indication the
organisations are set to divide, with USCC US Cyber Command evolvement follows
eventually becoming a stand-alone intelligence increasing concern that adversary states
agency within the vast framework of the US (hackers) have targeted, and in many cases,
Intelligence Community (USIC). Eye Spy penetrated US institutions, from business and
sources believe this will happen late in 2018, energy to political parties. However, govern-
or early 2019. And of course, a new chief of ment and military institutions are not immune,
USCC would be appointed. nor too contracting companies and education.
In all these fields NSA has reported an
The ICC/JOC headquarters at the Fort Meade, increase in cyber attacks.
Maryland site, represents a strengthening of
America’s cyber force and is part of a new US Deputy Secretary of Defense, Patrick NSA Director
decade-long programme on the site’s East Shanahan, commenting on the opening of the General Paul Nakasone
Campus, which incorporates the new new USCC headquarters said: “Today we are

22 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

 ICC/JOC headquarters, Fort Meade. The building is just part of a major expansion at the crucial intelligence site

at the dawn of a new era, facing the reality of the way the nation has create a barrier to counter future threats, while
wars changing character. The emergence of recognised that cyber other sections will augment parts of the NSA’s
cyberspace and outerspace is not bound by space is an element global operational brief (proactive). New laws
geography, it is not bound to the physical key and vital to passed in Washington have already given
presence of our adversaries. The next ten security. For those USCC widespread authority to use its prowess
years will look significantly different from the reasons we’ve made in assisting and conducting unique operations
last decade than any of us can likely imagine.” the investment in abroad, including responding to acts of
things like the facilities aggression. Most of America’s numerous
CYBER UNIFICATION here.” cyber elements will have at least one
representative based in the building.
White House Cyber Security Coordinator Rob The USIC and armed Rob Joyce
Joyce believes the centre is crucial to forces have over 20 In the last five years, a dedicated team
America’s intelligence endeavour. At the unique cyber elements, and the new ICC will within USCC has focused on disrupting the
ceremony he said: “I’d really like to reinforce focus on coordinating all efforts to collectively activities of terrorist groups such as ISIS,

Out-going NSA
Director Mike
Rogers and General
Paul Nakasone at
the change of
command ceremony

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 23

 has been its people. Your agility and ability to
solve the unsolvable challenges are more
critical than ever, and perhaps even our
mission has never been more demanding. But
we are up to this task and I look forward to
leading you in this new chapter of our history.”

Nakasone assumed command on 4 May from

Admiral Mike Rogers, himself responsible for
many new achievements at the NSA, including
the creation of an Office of Equality and a Civil
Liberties and Privacy Office. However, it is his
secret work that has brought about the
unification, integration and coordination of so
many of the country’s cyber intelligence
elements that he will be remembered for.

General Paul Nakasone and Admiral Mike Rogers

but the new centre will have the capacity to organisations such as Britain’s GCHQ, will
operate in fields (including conflict areas and also be represented at the ICC. Eye Spy
war zones), way beyond its previous potential. believes these officers work within the ‘Five
Eyes’ community (USA, UK, Australia, Canada
Journalists were provided with an overview of and New Zealand). Other agencies from NATO
the ICC. Officials said the building will “provide and the wider international community
a 24/7 worldwide cyber watch that facilitates (friendly and allied nations), will be linked
real-time coordination, deconfliction and virtually.
situational awareness to achieve national
security objectives.” Inside is a state-of-the- CHANGE OF COMMAND
art ‘watch floor’ with three ‘knowledgeable
walls’ enabling real-time comprehensive General Paul Nakasone is the NSA’s eighteenth
intelligence collection. Director since the Agency was established in
1952. At the change of command ceremony,
Interestingly, the NSA has already acknowl- Nakasone spoke to officials and staffers: “NSA
edged that a number of foreign cyber and US Cyber Command’s greatest strength

NSA SURVEILLANCE It should be noted, according to

NSA and ODNI, the data contains
STILL RECORDING BUT NOT LISTENING only the numbers from where the
call was made and the contacted
ewly released statistics from followed leaks by NSA/CIA number, as well as the time of the

N the NSA reveal the listening

and communications’
agency secured around 534 million
contractor Edward Snowden, which
showed the NSA was securing
billions of US-made communica-
call - not the actual conversational
content. This is described as
‘Telecom Metadata’ in the intelli-
records of telephone, cell and text tions every week. This forced gence world. The ODNI report
messages from US telecommunica- Congress to enter into a debate on explained: ‘Call detail records
tions firms such as AT&T and the surveillance and subsequently provided to the government do not
Verizon in 2017. According to its close down the programme. include the content of any
Statistical Transparency Report
published by the Office of the
Director of National Intelligence
(ODNI), that is an increase of 300% communication, the name, address
compared to the previous year (151 or financial information of a
million). Some analysts suggest the subscriber or customer, or cell site
sharp rise in the number of local or global positioning system
accounts held by American citizens information’.
could be responsible.
However, there remain many privacy
The monitoring of NSA telephone advocates who believe the figure is
data collection and subsequent still far too high, whilst others
reporting of its mainland activities, remain suspicious that the content
was made available by changes data is not being recorded and
implemented in the Freedom of stored, a suggestion dismissed by
Information Act in 2015. This NSA officials.

24 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

MH17
S H O O T- D O W N
Russia’s 53rd Anti-Aircraft
Missile Brigade in the
Cross-Hairs of Malaysian
Airlines Flight MH17
Investigators
Joint Investigative Team (JIT)

A
The frame of MH17 is re-assembled
consisting of experienced
by investigators at an annex at Gilze-
investigators and intelligence
Rijen AFB, Holland
representatives from Holland,
Australia, Ukraine, Belgium and
Malaysia, have backed an earlier Dutch Safety
Board (DSB) air accident investigation report,
that Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17 was shot
down by a missile on 17 July 2014 over
eastern Ukraine. However, the JIT investiga-
tion, based in Kiev, Ukraine, has also con-
cluded the missile used to down the Boeing
777, enroute from Amsterdam to Kuala
Lumpur was manufactured in Russia. The new
findings leave little doubt the missile involved
could be traced back to the 53rd Anti-Aircraft
Missile Brigade in Kursk, western Russia, and
was undoubtedly fired from a BUK surface-to-
air (SAM) missile system. Self-propelled
launcher of BUK-M2
INTELLIGENCE AND EVIDENCE surface-to-air missile
system
All manner of previous and new intelligence
findings were used by the JIT to reach their
conclusions, including crucial satellite
imagery which showed a Russian armed
forces vehicle convoy travelling into eastern
Ukraine with a BUK system. Other lesser
publicised evidence came in the form of
intercepted communications, a number

Members of the
JIT MH17 investigative team
speak to journalists

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 25

 General Vasyl Hrytsak, head of the
Security Service of Ukraine (SBU), speaks
about the findings of the Dutch-led JIT

of which indicate efforts were made within

hours to shield Russia from any involvement.
However, Internet-posted communications by Mobile JIT CT scanner used to examine forensic evidence recovered by
Russian-backed militias were not so easy to investigators from the wreckage of MH17
remove and their ‘footprint’ led to Moscow.
However, the JIT primarily focussed on
physical evidence, and this too may prove
difficult for Kremlin officials to dismiss.

SERIAL NUMBERS

Thus the JIT report points the finger of

suspicion firmly in the direction of Moscow,
and said any attempt to dismiss the findings
would be futile as the evidence is ‘legal and
convincing [and] will stand up in a court-
room’. Part of this evidence includes serial DNR Chief Wilbert Paulissen - he JIT specialists prepare a BUK missile
numbers and data references found on says “investigation is ongoing” for a detonation test
recovered fragments of the spent missile, as
well as distinct markings - all of which belong case. Nevertheless, Moscow believes this is A JIT spokesperson said. “We are convinced
to the 53rd Brigade. Holland’s head of the important and that despite all efforts to many people have this information, such as
National Police Crime Squad (DNR), Wilbert conclude the shooting down of MH15 was staff members of the 53rd Brigade, but also
Paulissen said: “The investigation team officially sanctioned by Russian, the “picture family members, friends or acquaintances.
examined all images available and determined is unclear.” And even people who have no connection at
that the BUK unit has a number of unique all with the 53rd Brigade. If you know the
features.” However, the JIT could not Analysts also note that the JIT repeated an answers to these questions or if you know
conclusively say that the system was earlier call for anyone with information about people who can provide answers, please
deployed as part of a Russian operation, but events surrounding the 53rd Brigade, to come contact the JIT. The JIT is getting close, so
the evidence within suggests this was the forward, promising anonymity for informants. this is the time to come forward with your

Load and Launch vehicle for BUK-M2

Air Defence System

MH17 debris
forensically
analysed by JIT
specialists

26 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

JIT investigators compared components from the rogue missile which brought down MH17 with a disassembled BUK-launched
missile. They concluded the missile was Russian and formerly in possession of the 53rd Anti-Aircraft Missile Brigade based in
Kursk. This has been rejected by Kremlin officials who have claimed the missile was “outdated” and could have been sourced
from a number of countries. However, it is the crucial serial numbers (below), plus an array of supporting evidence and intelli-
gence, which most analysts believe prove it came from Russia.

information. We will handle your information Eye Spy that at least 15 people have been
with ultimate care.” singled out by Western security agencies for
their part in the operation. Initially, between 80
As for possible charges to the crime which and 100 names were proposed, but this has
resulted in the deaths of nearly 300 people, been reduced over the years by the Dutch
Fred Westerbeke, Holland’s Chief Prosecutor authorities. As for the suspects, Westerbeke
and Coordinator of the JIT team, admitted that said: “Everything must be kept secret for
Insignia of the 53rd although the investigation is coming to a now... we don’t want to reveal our cards just
Anti-Aircraft Missile close, he had no idea when indictments would yet to the other side.”
Brigade be ready to file. Intelligence sources have told
AN ARRAY OF DISINFORMATION
Fred Westerbeke
Intelligence analysts fear that if prosecutors
have sourced the names of some senior
participants from the 53rd Brigade who
authorised the deployment of the BUK system
in Ukraine, then Moscow will certainly refuse
to extradite the men. Russia has always
denied any involvement in the downing of
MH17, and backed an array of unlikely
scenarios which the Kremlin’s propaganda

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 27

JIT INFORMATION APPEAL
About 53rd Anti-Aircraft
Missile Brigade

The JIT continue to search for

information and witnesses to the Impact damage. Evidence MH17 was struck by an external force -
incident. This questionnaire was a BUK-launched missile, according to the JIT
recently posted by investigators:

The BUK TELAR that shot down Flight gence and Security Committee (ISC) of Australian Foreign Minister Julie Bishop said
MH17 originated from the 53rd Anti-Aircraft
Parliament, also referenced the MH17 the JIT was examining all its options, following
Missile Brigade from Kursk in the Russian
incident. With notes (intelligence) undoubtedly completion of the investigation. “That a
Federation. The JIT would like to know the
following about the deployment of this BUK
prepared by MI6, Russia was mentioned on a sophisticated weapon belonging to the Russia
TELAR on 17 July 2014. number of occasions. ‘Russia conducts Army was dispatched and used to shoot down
information warfare on a massive scale. An a civilian aircraft should be of grave interna-
• Who was part of the crew on 17 July? early example of this was a hugely intensive, tional concern,” she said.
multi-channel propaganda effort to persuade
• What was the instruction given to them? the world that Russia bore no responsibility Army General Vasyl Hrytsak, head of the
• Who was in charge of this crew? for the shooting down of [Malaysian Airlines Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) said it was
• Who was giving the orders? flight] MH-17 (an outright falsehood: we know now crucial that those from the 53rd Brigade
beyond any reasonable doubt that the Russian who were involved in the operation or the
• Who was part of the crew during the military supplied and subsequently recovered transfer of the BUK system into Ukraine, were
movement of the BUK TELAR from the the missile launcher)’. identified.
Brigade in Kursk in June 2014?

RT UNDER INVESTIGATION
• What was the instruction given to this
crew (in June)?
• Who was in charge of this crew (in June)?
Who was giving the orders?
• Who was responsible for the operational
RUSSIAN MEDIA HOUSE FACES BAN
ndoubtedly prompted by British which Britain has blamed on Russia. An

U
deployment of this BUK TELAR on 17 July
2014? Intelligence foreign media watchers, Ofcom spokesperson said that it had
Ofcom, the UK communications regu- discovered “multiple potential breaches of
• Who can give us more information about lator, has launched three new investigations the UK Broadcasting Code.”
procedures and responsible persons within into the reporting of Kremlin-sponsored
the 53rd Brigade? media outlet - RT (formerly Russia Today). Some intelligence watchers believe a total
• Who is in the possession of images and/ This follows a further seven investigations ban on RT would be a disaster, for this
or videos from the BUK and/or members it announced in April 2018, one of which would inadvertently support the Kremlin’s
of the 53rd Brigade and their location questioned an RT suggestion that the US view that Russian media comment is being
between 25 June and 18 July 2014? policy on Syria’s civil war is a “poorly suppressed because it is “telling an
thought-out option.” unpalatable truth.” Professor Stephen
Hutchings of Manchester University who is
MH17 Continued conducting a research project into RT said
One of the three latest probes is almost
arm has sponsored. These involve a rogue certainly connected to RT’s reporting and “they would love for Ofcom to ban them.”
Ukraine pilot, an internal explosion and the analysis of the Sergei Skripal poisoning
launch of a land-based missile from a Ukraine-
friendly militia. There was also an earlier
report, provided in error by German Intelli-
gence sources, that a renegade force in the
Ukraine had stolen the missile from a
Ukrainian military base. Perhaps the most
bizarre of all, claims the CIA or MI6 were
involved to further isolate Russia from the
international community.

British Intelligence (MI6), which has fostered

good relations with the Security Service of
Ukraine (SBU), along with the CIA, has few President
doubts who was responsible. In late 2017, a Putin visits
100pp report prepared by the British Intelli- an RT studio

28 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

EXTRAORDINARY RENDITION

THE TELEPHONE CALL

UK Officially Apologies to Rendition Victims
he British Government has settled

T
Boudchar both received an official apology,
a dispute involving Abdel Hakin with the latter being awarded £500,000
Belhaj, a senior opponent of ($650,000) in compensation.
former Libyan leader Colonel
Gaddafi, and his wife, Fatima In Istanbul, UK
Boudchar. The couple claim MI6 Ambassador
was involved in a Far East Asian Dominick
operation which resulted in their return to Chilcott met
Libya and subjection to torture. Belhaj further with Belhaj and
alleged MI6 officers were present when he handed him an
was interrogated. Following a lengthy legal official letter of
dispute, Prime Minister Theresa May acknowl- apology, while
edged UK involvement in the rendition and in Parliament
confirmed (without referencing MI6 or the Attorney
CIA), that it “had shared information about you General
with its international partners.” Belhaj and Jeremy Wright
(left) read a
similar
statement (no admission of liability was Abdel Hakin Belhaj
included).
carrying bogus British passports. A short
Belhaj and Boudchar said their “dark journey” while later the couple were flown to Bangkok,
began when they attempted to fly to London Thailand. Thereafter they were taken to a CIA
from Beijing, China in 2004. It was at this Black Site and questioned. And following this
point that MI6 learned of his whereabouts. At episode, MI6 allegedly notified Libyan
the time, Belhaj was being sought by various Intelligence through one of its contacts - spy
intelligence agencies for alleged terrorism chief Moussa Koussa - that Belhaj was in
Dominick Chilcott and Abdel Belhaj connections. detention. The couple were then flown to Libya
using a CIA rendition flight. Boudchar spent a
At Kuala Lumpur International Airport, few months in prison, while Belhaj, after

MAIN IMAGE: MI6 HEADQUARTERS © MIKE T. PHOTOGRAPHY

Malaysia, they were detained for reportedly receiving a death sentence, was freed in 2010.

‘The intelligence on Abu Abd Allah was British. I know

I did not pay for the air cargo... but I feel I have the
right to deal with you direct on this and am very
grateful for the help you are giving us’
EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 29
 Belhaj claims MI6 officers (on an
unspecified number of occasions) were
present when he was interrogated

Prime Minister Theresa May acknowledged Britain’s role in the Belhaj affair

European cities. He was providing much

needed intelligence on emerging and existing
terrorist groups in North Africa and elsewhere.

DOCUMENTS

BACKGROUND Information on the 2004 rendition was

secured after a building in Tripoli housing
Belhaj was a senior commander in the Libyan intelligence files, including thousands
outlawed and now defunct Libyan Islamic from its former primary agency - Mukhabarat
Fighting Group (LIFG), considered a terrorist el-Jamahiriya and External Security
outfit. The group had attempted to assassinate Organisation (ESO) - was overrun and
Gaddafi on three ransacked by hostile forces. A short while Gaddafi spymaster Moussa Koussa
previous occa- later, members of a human rights group were
sions and a allowed access, and soon they began apology and pay just £3 in compensation - £1
number of its analysing the recovered papers. Amongst each from three named defendants.
operatives had them, a number containing comments from
links to al-Qaida. Sir Mark Allen, who headed MI6’s Counter All manner of legal moves followed and
For his part, Terrorism Desk. A paragraph congratulated various human rights’ groups entered the
Koussa had Koussa - ‘The intelligence on Abu Abd Allah debate. Other senior figures were also drawn
become a pivotal [Belhaj alias] was British. I know I did not pay into the affair, including then UK Foreign
Sir Mark Allen MI6 and CIA for the air cargo... but I feel I have the right to Secretary Jack Straw. In 2017, he said: “I
contact man deal with you direct on this and am very repeat what I said in the House of Commons
regularly visiting London, the USA and other grateful for the help you are giving us. This in December 2013. That as Foreign Secretary I
was the least we could
do for you and for
Libya to demonstrate
the remarkable
relationship we have
built over the years’.

Other files reveal MI6

asked Libya to assist in
operations to infiltrate
terrorist groups. One
document was signed
by Allen.

These, claimed Belhaj

and his supporters,
February 2005. Jack Straw “proved Britain was
with US Secretary of State complicit in his UK Ambassador to Turkey Dominick
Condoleezza Rice outside abduction.” At the time, Chilcott, hands Belhaj his letter of
Downing Street he requested that the apology from the Government
UK should issue an

30 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

 Part of a British Intelligence file that was used by Belhaj’s legal team recovered in Tripoli. Its content reflected UK involvement in
identifying his location and was a central piece of evidence that became too problematic or convincing to dispute

acted at all times in a manner which was fully Libyan leader agreed to stop his pursuit of
consistent with my legal duties, and with nuclear and other advanced weaponry, in
national and international law. I was never in return for better relations including expanding
any way complicit in the unlawful rendition or and creating trade links.
detention of anyone by other states.” Both Mr
Straw and Allen continue to reject any wrong- Just days after that liaison, another anti-
doing today. Gaddafi leader, Sami al-Saadi, was abducted
in Hong Kong and flown to Libya along with
The operation targeting Belhaj, now a senior his pregnant wife and children. Saadi was held
pseudo-political-military figure in Libya, and allegedly tortured. Saadi received an
followed quickly on the heels of the famous alleged £500,000 in compensation from
‘desert encounter’ between Prime Minister Britain in an out-of-court settlement.
Tony Blair and Colonel Gaddafi. Here the

Welcome to Our World of Spies

MI6 Engages with Potential Recruits in its
First Public Television Advertisement

A
30-second MI6 recruitment advertisement which
aired at around 7.30pm on Britain’s Channel 4
station on 24 May, has been welcomed by the
majority of intelligence watchers. The advert
begins showing a mother and child observing
sharks swim in an aquarium tank. As one shark
moves around the tank to face the couple, the youngster steps
back and is comforted by its mother - a subtle manoeuvre
intended to show viewers that they are interested in people
who can understand situations and act accordingly.

Aimed primarily at those wanting a career as an intelligence

officer, a voice says: “We are intelligence officers, but we
don’t do what you think. It is not keeping your cool in the
shark tank... it is picking up the silent cues that matter.” The
male voice ends, “secretly we’re just like you.”

Sources say the intention is to attract talent from those areas

of society who do not usually attempt to join MI6 via its
website or those recruited through other channels. This
recruitment page on the SIS website has been functioning
since 2005 and attracts tens of thousands of applicants every
year.

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 31

EYE SPY
INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE
MI6
emphasised the
world of screen
spies is very
different,
though no less
absorbing than
the work of a
real Intelligence
Case Officer

SUBSCRIBE
A subscription will protect you OXBRIDGE AND THE ESTABLISHMENT

In recent years MI6 has been keen to reflect

against any price increase the organisation as a modern work platform
which is open to all peoples regardless of
colour, religion, race or creed. Similarly, the

UK, USA, CANADA, EUROPE, ROW advert hopes to attract more applicants from
the ethnic community and women. This is a
I WOULD LIKE TO SUBSCRIBE TO EYE SPY (8 ISSUES A YEAR) - PLEASE TICK APPROPRIATE BOX far cry from years goneby when the Service
was male dominated and many recruits came
UK 1 YEAR £29.95 USA 1 YEAR $49.99 EUROPE/ROW 1 YEAR £34.00 from ‘Oxbridge’, the Establishment, associates
and families of serving officers. “I want this
UK 2 YEARS £55.00 USA 2 YEARS $96.00 EUROPE/ROW 2 YEARS £63.00 opportunity to dispel the myths that still too
often see potential candidates rule themselves
Name: _________________________________________ Address: _______________________ out,” said MI6 Chief Alex Younger. “My
message remains simple... there is no
__________________________________________________________________________________________ ‘standard MI6 officer’. If you have what it
takes, then apply to join us. Our work is
Post/Zip Code: ___________________________________ Country: _____________________
exciting, intellectually challenging and it
email: __________________________________________ matters.” He emphasised that the Service is
open to everyone: “Regardless of background,
if you have the skills we need and share our
Cheques must be payable to: ‘EYE SPY PUBLISHING LTD’ values, I want you to consider a career in
NOTE: WE ONLY ACCEPT UK, USA AND CANADIAN CHEQUES
intelligence, in a Service that reflects today’s
I enclose Cheque for: ______ / ______ UK society.”

For credit card payment by Visa, MasterCard, American Express The television advert, though unique, is not the
first time MI6 has chosen to target ‘ordinary’
Credit Card No: ___________________________________________________

Expiry Date: ________ Three Digit Security Number (the last three numbers on the A mother shields
her child from
reverse of the credit card: ______________
sharks - a still
PAYPAL eyespy@[Link] ONLINE [Link] from the MI6
advert which
played on
UNITED STATES OF UK, EUROPE, ROW CANADA British television
AMERICA Send your subscription to: Send your subscription to:
Mail your subscription to: Eye Spy Publishing Ltd Eye Spy International
Eye Spy International P O Box 10, Canada Bureau,
Empire State Building, Skipton, Empire State Building,
350 Fifth Ave, Leeds City Region, 350 Fifth Ave,
59th Floor, New York, BD23 5US, 59th Floor, New York,
NY 10118-0069 United Kingdom NY 10118-0069

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32 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

A frame from probably the greatest spy movie ever made - ‘Tinker Tailor Soldier
Spy’. The image shows ‘C’ played by John Hurt (centre) holding a meeting with The mother
his all-male inner circle - dubbed ‘The Circus’. MI6 is keen to open doors for featured in the
persons from across society and dismantle the myth it is an organisation but for MI6 advert
a select few... and predominantly male - unlike in years goneby

Here they warned that ‘If the qualities that

make a good spy were obvious, they wouldn’t
make a good spy’. There then followed
billboard adverts on the London Underground.
On 6 March 2017, the Service created its first some obscure publications in the hope that
movie advert which played in cinemas in the more inquisitive and educated thinkers can
Britain. Called ‘But She Could’, the clip see through the ruse. And some intelligence
voiceover emphasised that it was “not easy to sources say this still happens. This recruit-
define an intelligence officer,” nor was there a ment tool, however, is increasingly regarded
“standard officer.” Nevertheless, MI6 said it as dated and ignored a pool of potentially
was seeking persons able to display “emo- brilliant recruits.
tional intelligence, excellent inter-personal
skills, a public service ethos, mental sharp-
ness, an interest in foreign affairs and culture,
curiosity, influencing skills, integrity, team
work and be technically ‘savvy’.” Thereafter in
people. Its first venture into public platform an effort to attract more females, Mum’s Net
recruitment was in 2006. And few were was approached.
surprised that the Service chose the London
Times ‘career supplement’ to advertise for SECRET SIGNALS
‘operational intelligence officers’, ‘technology
experts’ and ‘thoroughly efficient administra- MI6, like its friends across the River Thames
tors’. In 2012, the Service targeted another (MI5), has in the past used ‘strange’ and
‘educational publication’ - The Economist. seemingly nonsensical and cryptic adverts in

The ‘staff entrance’ to MI6 is

open to everyone - provided they fit
certain criteria and pass a tough
vetting process

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 33

 GCHQ Director
Jeremy Fleming with
NATO Secretary
General Jens
Stoltenberg

The work of a ‘certain’ type of Intelligence Case Officer, MI6 insists, may
involve travel to foreign locations
The latest mainstream venture appears to be
targeting the ethnic community, and for the
first time ever, the Service is opening its ‘staff
entrance’ doors to children born in Britain with
THE ALL
migrant parents. In previous years, parents
needed to show they had lived and worked in
the UK for several years. A few months ago,
Alex Younger famously said he was going to
reintroduce the ‘tap on the shoulder’ to recruit
spies from black and minority ethnic groups -
GENUINE FEARS O
Key figures from NATO
this as another subtle prompt to show all and GCHQ warn that
nationals in Britain the Service was open to
everyone. Younger, who admits he was Europe and Brexit must
recruited in a similar fashion said, “we have to not destabilise security
go to people that would not have thought of ‘007’ a useful, but
being recruited to MI6.” ‘troublesome’ recruiting tool and intelligence sharing

G
Younger acknowledges that the glamour and CHQ Director Jeremy Fleming issued
glitz of 007 movies is both a curse and security correspondent said much more a veiled warning to European officials
blessing - a useful tool that attracts applicants, emphasis and control was placed on such who believe the UK should be
but he is keen to dispel the myth that the officers following the controversy of MI6’s sidelined following the vote to leave
screen spy is representative of all field agents. engagement and management of WMD the European Union. Speaking at a
“I want to take this opportunity to dispel the intelligence in Iraq. In this case, of course, the gathering of security chiefs at NATO’s
myths that still too often see potential WMD intelligence was used as a reason to Brussels headquarters, Fleming said his
candidates rule themselves out. My message invade Iraq and topple Saddam Hussein. A organisation thwarted and disrupted several
remains simple, there is no standard MI6 ‘Case Officer’ will secure, expand and manage terrorist plots on the continent in 2017.
officer. If you have what it takes, then apply to relations with agents and informants, as well However, this hardly reflects the importance of
join us.” as actively seek new opportunities. They GCHQ to the intelligence gathered, distributed
perform similar tasks to dedicated ‘Targeters’, and shared by this global listening agency - a
INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS who will seek out persons willing to spy for
Britain, and those who have access to
As for the actual role of an intelligence officer, intelligence. They are often assigned overseas
the Service gave an insight into some of the or despatched when an opportunity arises.
activity, revealing three roles. ‘R [Requirement]
Officers’ oversee the distribution of intelli- Statistics released by the Service reveal nearly
gence to relevant users, making sure it has 40% of all non-senior staff are female, with
been authenticated and analysed. A BBC only 25% occupying senior posts. Around 7%
of non-senior staff are from black, Asian or
MI6 Chief ethnic minority groups, none of whom, we
Alex understand, holds a senior position in MI6.
Younger The Service has previously announced it
intends to recruit between 800-1000 staff
giving it a pool of around 3,750.

As for the ‘reward’, an intelligence officer

beginning his or her career can expect to
receive around £35,000 ($42,000). However,
20 June 2018. NATO Secretary General
all this depends on selection and recruits must Jens Stoltenberg with UK Secretary of
successfully navigate the interview and vetting State for Defence Gavin Williamson
process, which can take upto 12 months.

34 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

 PHOTOGRAPHS © NATO

Jens Stoltenberg with UK National Jens Stoltenberg at Lancaster Gate

LLIANCE
Security Advisor Mark Sedwill

right across the continent. For example, in the

last year we played a crucial role in the
disruption of terrorist operations in at least
four countries. Those relationships and our

ARS OF FRACTURE
key member of the worldwide collaboration
ability to work together saves lives. That will
continue after Brexit for the benefit of the UK
and for Europe.”

Fleming said it was improbable that any single NATO CONCERNS

known as ‘Five Eyes’. country could counter such threats as ISIS as
a stand alone nation. “It requires a ‘pooling’ of Mr Fleming also highlighted the importance of
For several months, European security chiefs, resources, expertise and critical data so that his organisation to NATO, from providing
prompted by their political masters, have we can investigate and disrupt our adversar- intelligence to helping develop its cyber
argued that the UK should not be allowed ies.” Fleming drew attention to the covert and capabilities.
entry into Europe’s Galileo GPS system and huge global GCHQ operation which damaged
other systems of intelligence and security ISIS’s propaganda campaign on the Internet, UK Foreign Secretary Sajid Javid has already
importance (see Page 14). Fleming argued noting that at times, “it was impossible for warned Brussels immense damage would be
strongly against comments made by EU chief Daesh to spread its rhetoric.” He referenced caused if intelligence cooperation was
Brexit negotiator Michel Barnier, who insisted increased state-sponsored cyber threats and withdrawn. He too wants politicians involved
Britain will be forced to leave such mecha- acts of “aggressive foreign powers” - a subtle with Brexit not to interfere with intelligence
nisms, including the European Arrest Warrant side-swipe at Moscow, and a warning to collection and current agreements. Just hours
(EAW). Fleming said, “Britain is leaving the EU Brussels over increased Russian military after the Brussels event, NATO Secretary
but not Europe.” operations close to the eastern flanks of the General Jens Stoltenberg flew to London
European Union. He said Moscow has shown where he met various defence officials and
Dismissive of comments made by ill-informed “a blatant disregard for the consequences of intelligence people and delivered a key note
officials in Brussels of the huge importance of its action,” a likely reference to the assassina- speech at Lancaster House. Stoltenberg
intelligence sharing, Fleming said “we have tion attempt of a former GRU officer and MI6 highlighted the importance of NATO and the
excellent relations with intelligence agencies spy in Wiltshire, England, a few months ago. bond between the United States, UK and
Europe. “The principle at the heart of the
Alliance remains strong,” he said. And unlike
some political figures in Brussels, he
referenced the importance of working
together. “As such, the United Kingdom has
been instrumental in making NATO the most
successful Alliance in history,” he said. “Again
and again, we unite around a common goal.
We stand together... we protect each other.”
Stoltenberg noted that some key players in
Europe “doubt the bond,” but said that history
has proven that differences can be resolved,
and NATO will survive.

Eye Spy sources state numerous intelligence

and security agencies in Europe are opposed
to “blocking or reducing current intelligence
and security sharing procedures.” Some
GCHQ Director nations, such as Holland, have already
Jeremy Fleming highlighted the importance of intelligence
provided by Britain.
© GCHQ/CROWN COPYRIGHT
EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 35
 GOVERNMENT ART COLLECTION

CHELSEA EMBANKMENT

SEMPER OCCULTUS
“There is nothing
more deceptive than
an obvious fact...”
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s
Sherlock Holmes

Sir Thomas Maitland, known as ‘King Tom’,

was successively appointed Governor General
of Ceylon, Malta and Ionian Islands. He was
the head of defence forces in the Mediterra-
DEMYSTIFYING nean and formed the Malta Police Force in
1814. He also originated the idea to create the
A PIECE OF British Order of St. Michael and St. George
(1818). That honour is now reserved for
MI6 ARTWORK PART 2 members of the Diplomatic Service who attain
high rank, some undoubtedly with threads to
British Intelligence.

THE ART OF SPYCRAFT AN EYE FOR DETAIL

While in Ceylon, Maitland was attracted to a

location at Galkissa (Mount Lavinia) and

THE 100-PIECE JIGSAW decided to construct his palace there. During

this time, Maitland fell in love with a mixed-
race dancing-girl named Lovina. During the

I
n Eye Spy 114 we examined a number of Was the decision to request the loan of this construction of the palace, Maitland gave
paintings currently on loan to Britain’s painting based on the obvious? Just a nice instructions that a secret tunnel to Lovina’s
premier spy service - MI6 by the UK painting of a London embankment; perhaps house should be built, which was located
Government. Our editorial also provided representative of the location of the current
a few reasons why they were selected by headquarters of MI6 in Vauxhall? Or does it
the Service’s ‘top floor’. All had some have deeper significance - perhaps connected
sort of relevance to the history of MI6 and to more than one family of spies?
intelligence happenings in the UK, from
operations, individuals and moments in time. A HISTORY OF SERVICE
Others had an international ‘flavour’ or were
laced with intrigue. And one of these in the It soon became clear there were numerous
latter bracket in particular caught our reasons why the Service could have wanted a
attention, ‘Chelsea Embankment’ by Paul Maitland to add to its collection of artwork
Fordyce Maitland. Purchased from the which adorn the rooms, corridors and halls of
Leicester Galleries in 1960, it is this splendid MI6. We discovered several connections to
artwork that we decided to explore in a little the Maitland family and Britain’s early spy and
more detail. military services. Order of St. Michael and St. George

36 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

 MI6 headquarters, Vauxhall

1790s. General Thomas Maitland

(third from left)

to the tunnel in Ceylon. Perhaps a fanciful

rumour and one Eye Spy has heard on many
occasions, but vigorously rejected by
intelligence people.

Interestingly, the painter of ‘Chelsea Embank-

Governor’s Palace, Mount Lavinia ment’, Paul Fordyce Maitland, who suffered
from spinal problems throughout his life, left
close to the governor’s palace. One end of the all his worldly goods to Margaret Lavinia
tunnel was inside the water well of Lovina’s Maitland, spinster, in his will when he died in
house and the other end conventionality 1909 - the same year MI6 was created. It Embankment Memorial, MI6 HQ
situated in the wine cellar inside the should also be noted, his subject matter
governor’s palace. When the governor came consisted almost entirely of scenes of Elsewhere in the family tree, there was Edward
to reside there, he would often use the tunnel London, parks, buildings, streets etc. Many of Maitland Wright, Principal Scientific Officer
to meet Lovina. The village that surrounded these too could be associated with intelligence with Air Ministry Intelligence at MI6 headquar-
the Governor’s mansion developed into the happenings and people in the city. ters in London from 1943 to 1945. Also,
modern city of Galkissa, later renamed Mount
Lavinia in honour of his secret lover Lovina. In
1920 the tunnel was sealed.

THE MAITLAND ROTUNDA

Sir Thomas, arrived in Corfu on 16 February

1816, and eight months later, on 25 October
1816, 46 noble Corfiots made a proposal for
the construction of a triumphal arch in his
honour. The Maitland Monument, also known
as the Maitland Rotunda or the Peristyle of
Maitland is located at the end of Spianada
Square in Corfu. There are distinct similarities
between the Maitland rotunda and parts of
MI6 headquarters’ building on Albert Embank-
ment. The MI6 facade, facing the River
Thames on the Embankment includes a
Maitland rotunda -like structure in the centre.
Some spy aficionados also believe there exists
a secret tunnel from the building to the busy
diplomatic buildings in Whitehall and likened it

Some spy aficionados also believe there

exists a secret tunnel - from the building to
the busy diplomatic buildings in Whitehall Maitland Monument, Corfu

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 37

 Patrick
Maitland,
17th Earl
of
Lauder-
dale, joined
the Political
Intelligence
Depart-
was six, his
mother went on to
marry her second
husband, a banker
called Harcourt
Rose, who was the uncle of Ian Fleming. Thus,
Lee was now related by marriage to the man
who would go on to create not only James
Bond, but also the Bond villain and would-be
THE EDI
ment of the nemesis that Lee would play with such aplomb.
Foreign
Office SCREEN SHOW
where he
Christopher Lee pictured in ran the The Maitland Monument is also visible in the
Rome after the city was 1981 Bond film ‘For Your Eyes Only’. Here
Yugoslav
liberated
Depart- Bond and a beautiful woman called Melina
ment British Foreign Office, 1943 to 1945. Havelock walk past the famous Maitland
rotunda. And finally, back to Maitland in Corfu;
SHAKE THE TREE the first Freemason’s Lodge in Greece was
created in 1782 on Corfu. Interestingly, there
Shake the Maitland family tree with a little more sits in front of the MI6 building on the embank-
vigour you will find Jane Fordyce who married ment, a statue of ‘the arch’ - some say a
into the Fleming family of Scotland. Ian Fleming reference to the long rumoured association
of course wrote the James Bond novels and in with the Royal Arch Freemasons - of which
the 1967 film version of ‘Casino Royale’, former MI6 spies as well as other members of
Bond’s gadget maker ‘Q’ is assisted by a the security services are members. There are
Fordyce. In ‘Man With a Golden Gun’, written in other associated tales but that’s for another
1965 and the film in 1974, the actor Marne day.
Maitland played Lazar: A Portuguese gunsmith
based in Macau who manufactured golden In truth, only MI6 and those involved in
bullets for the villain Scaramanga - played by selecting its artwork can truly answer to the
actor Christopher Lee. Lee of course served in historical importance of the ‘Chelsea Embank-
North Africa where he was a cipher officer ment’ painting.
attached to the Long Range Desert Group, a SPECIAL
reconnaissance and raiding unit considered a Perhaps Agatha Christie’s character Hercule
forerunner of the SAS. For the remainder of the Poirot said it best, “Imagination is a good REPORT
war he worked in intelligence as an officer and servant, and a bad master. The simplest
ultimately served with the Special Operations
Executive (SOE).
explanation is always the most likely.”

Or perhaps the wording on MI6’s first crest

BY EYE SPY E
Lee was also related to Ian Fleming by insignia and motto - ‘Semper Occultus’,
marriage. After Lee’s parents divorced when he explains its legacy best - ‘Always Secret’. Eye Spy Editorial reports on
the activities of a most feared
intelligence element that for a
century has been able to act
with near impunity - protected
by a 100-year old edict - a
single line instruction from
Lenin - and supported by a
global network of spies

O
ver forty years ago, British
investigative author and intelligence
watcher Chapman Pincher
famously said of Russian covert
activities: “The KGB and GRU
(Military Intelligence Directorate)
have woven terrorism into the tapestry of
clandestine operations against the West.” His
comments were related to Russian support
and training organisations, most whose work

38 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

EDICT: DARK SKIES The Secret and Deadly Military
Arms of Russian Intelligence

Events surrounding MI6 spy Sergei

Skripal have refocused Western
Intelligence eyes on Russia’s secret
services and their relations with
Special Forces and its association
with mischief and assassination

the cover off Chapman’s and similar authentic police in London for drink driving in August
works to find out just how focused and 1971. A few weeks later, he revealed his true
menacing the Spetsnaz and GRU were in their role as a spy, and requested that in return for a
early ‘designated tasks’. new life with his wife in the West, he would
provide MI6 with the names of KGB and GRU
It was KGB spy Oleg Lyalin who first gave the people. On 25 September 1971, Britain
West a deep insight into the activities of the expelled 105 Russian spies and diplomats,
GRU and its active arm - the Spetsnaz. Part of many from the GRU. Lyalin was given a new

PY EDITORIAL a trade delegation despatched to Britain, Lyalin

duly defected after being arrested by the
identity and remained incognito for the rest of
his life, living in northern England.

was directed towards the West. Amongst his

writings, he included reference to a little
known, yet dangerous Russian entity called
the International [Liaison] Department or OMS
- a highly secret element of the Comintern
also referred to as Russia’s Illegal/Foreign
Liaison Section. He also said assassination in
overseas countries was “all in a day’s work.”
His remarks, though controversial, have
significance today, especially in wake of the
Sergei Skripal incident and other strange
deaths over the last decade - many allegedly
connected to various arms of the Kremlin.

Chapman, in his lengthy career probing and

reporting on British and American intelligence
affairs, was convinced that the GRU was using
its Spetsnaz (a Russian term and a ‘catch all’
phrase for the country’s elite Special Purpose
Forces) to perform and train rogue elements
operating abroad - some in the art of 2015. GRU-controlled operational
assassination. Many investigative authors and Spetsnaz troops
no doubt, MI5 and MI6 analysts, are dusting

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 39

 To deter defectors
living in foreign lands
and even those given
new identities, the
KGB regularly warned
Spetsnaz troops - 1999 its intelligence officers
and spies...
were undoubtedly attached to Russia’s
Spetsnaz. Besides being skilled in reconnais-
sance, surveillance, espionage and subterfuge ‘Our arm is
activities likened to the SOE, OSS and the
Mossad, these forces were tasked with longer than the
causing mayhem in the West. Cold War
historical records show that they were given traitor’s leg’
instructions to destroy and disrupt operations
Vladimir Rezun in numerous countries should war edge
nearer. Numerous targets included GCHQ/NSA
facilities, NATO bases, air and sea ports,
Throughout the 1980s, and in numerous nuclear silos and transport links, early
countries around the world, dozens of GRU warning stations such as RAF Fylingdales in
spies were expelled. Examples being in 1987: Yorkshire, domestic communication posts and
47 from France and 18 from Iran and machinery to launch weapons. Interestingly,
Bangladesh respectfully. In 1985 in Britain,
where GRU activities have always been
prevalent, acting on intelligence from MI5, 31
GRU officers and contact people were
expelled.

The illegal activities of the GRU were not

confined to nation states. In the mid-1980s,
The tombstone of Igor Gouzenko
nearly 30 GRU officers were served notice by
the United Nations for “engaging in activities
not consistent with their diplomatic status.” they also had a
The language has the same meaning today - list of key
they were caught spying or acting in a manner personnel that
likely to cause harm. would be “visited
by the Spetsnaz
A 1987 book by GRU defector Viktor Suvorov and summarily
(real name was Vladimir Rezun), Spetsnaz: assassinated.”
The Story Behind the Soviet SAS, also
provided a deeper understanding of their To augment such
potential, menace and prowess. Other works operations
by the same author are important. (arranging travel
and accommoda- Igor Gouzenko
TARGETS OF COLD WAR RUSSIA President Reagan meets with MI6 tion, for ex-
spy Oleg Gordievsky in the Oval ample), Spetsnaz
Dig a little deeper in these and other case files, Office, Whitehouse, 1987, following and their GRU controllers were given vital
many of those deported and others thereafter, his defection access to other Soviet spies, many of them
long-term illegals and sleeper agents, some of
whom were well versed in assassination.
Strange but true, they also used innocent
contacts in union movements and pressure
groups such as CND, who regularly protested
outside military bases. All of this combined to
allow access and movement. Such activities,
which can be traced way back before WWII,
were first brought to the attention of the West
by defectors such as GRU cipher clerk Igor
Gouzenko who referenced a “global under-
world fifth column” to the Canadians in 1945.
He always wore a hood in court, for he feared
Special Rapid Response Unit (SOBR) - a Spetsnaz element he would be recognised in public places - and
duly assassinated by his former spymasters in

40 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

 2006. President Putin visits GRU headquarters - note the floor of the lobby
Moscow. Thereafter, numerous defectors
displaying the seal of Russia’s Special Forces
started to talk, including Oleg Lyalin in 1971.
He provided all manner of secrets about the
KGB, GRU and its “provocation force” -
Spetsnaz.

ASSASSINATION TARGETS

The GRU thread to such activities continued,

but MI6 were given ‘treasure’ after it success-
fully helped exfiltrate one of its most valuable
spies out of Russia in 1985 - Oleg Gordievsky.
He provided the Service with details of
Spetsnaz targets, including political and
military leaders in the West who were to be
assassinated. Also relevant, Soviet surveil- neutral nations were monitored for inter-action various environments - and in civilian attire.
lance on the comings and goings of key with the West, and especially NATO. Few people other than those who work in the
government personnel into Downing Street, organisation, understand their true menace.
especially Americans and allied forces’ Whilst those operating under the Spetsnaz However, a key insight was given by defector
leaders. Similar tasks were undertaken in banner are undoubtedly a military force, other KGB Major Stanislav Levchenko who
Washington, Berlin, Paris and Rome. Even units are known to operate undercover and in discussed the KGB’s Illegal Service and other
Russia services. He told a US Congress Select
Committee: “Its [GRU] main activity is
Spetsnaz officer (Russia’s prison recruiting foreigners as agents... for assassi-
section). Inset: Special Operations nations and all kinds of things.” He too went
Forces (CCO) snipers. Established on to say that many are embedded overseas,
in 2009, the GRU can call upon the live and work in plain sight and await
unit for missions and guidance. instructions. His comments almost came back
Western Intelligence believe it was to haunt him. Levchenko was condemned to
this force that played a pivotal role death in a Soviet court in 1981, and was
in the annexation of Crimea targeted by the KGB. Two of its agents,
Svetlana and Nikolai Ogorodnikov, Russian
immigrants who lived in Los Angeles, were
arrested by the FBI after trying to locate him.

Some see such commentary as relevant

today, and perhaps associated with the
attempted assassination of Skripal and other
people targeted on the Russian List. Either
way, it has once again focused intelligence
eyes on events in the past.

Today’s GRU and Spetsnaz operatives (and

other agency personnel) have a labyrinth of
opportunities to act covertly abroad. Long-
gone are the rules of protocol. A century

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 41

 A bronze and stone monument dedicated to those who have died serving Russia’s
Special Forces, including counter-terrorism officers. The display features in the
Park of the Internationalists, St Petersburg. Inset: Spetsnaz paratroopers

ago, those caught spying or acting against believed the couple were not expected to live,
‘Mother Russia’ were deemed traitors and and admitted ‘external’ government personnel
sentenced to death - tens of thousands were had assisted in their recovery.
killed without trial. And despite the so-called
‘code of conduct’ which is applied to spies DISTANCE AND CONTRACTORS
who are exchanged, someone or some entity
in Russia appears to have objected to its Chapman Pincher used his MI5 and MI6
application regarding Skripal and others living sources to build a special overview of the Left: GRU shield (used until 2010), its
and working freely outside Russia. GRU and its Spetsnaz elements. And like motto reads - ‘Greatness of the
those involved in the Skripal investigation, he Motherland in your glorious deeds’.
MI5 and New Scotland Yard remain reluctant recognised that a key word is always used in Right: Current GRU shield
to discuss the Skripal case further, until all the menace of assassination - ‘Distance’. The
lines of enquiry have been pursued or are Kremlin, if responsible as the UK claims, will managed to secure the nerve agent and train
exhausted. However, the person or persons have used numerous contact people to diffuse the operative[s] in its delivery and use.
who applied the Novichok agent on the handle the actual instruction to target Skripal and Locating known places where Skripal visited,
of Skripal’s home in Salisbury (and perhaps create barrier upon barrier - all of which are relaxed and moved would have been relatively
elsewhere), will almost certainly remain difficult to dismantle or even prove. And this easy. He chose to live in plain sight, believing
protected by the Russian system, even if he, would have undoubtedly involved the use of he was protected by the ‘code of conduct’,
she or they can be identified and charged. And an embedded sleeper cell or perhaps a forgetting the KGB mindset that all traitors have
that is proving very difficult. For the record, on contracting agent from the underworld. Added a death sentence hanging over their head - and
30 May 2018, doctors at Salisbury Hospital to the support procedure, someone or a one that remains forever.
where the Skripals were treated, said they ‘legitimate’ front or government concern
Today, Spetsnaz and those units which fall
under its umbrella, are regarded as heroes of
Russia, and in recent years the GRU has openly
referred to some, from Alpha, SOBR (Special
Rapid Response Unit now known as OMSN -
Special Police Unit) to the Vityaz group. Many
now operate in a counter-terrorism role in
former Soviet satellite countries. Amongst its
most famous operations, the killing or
abduction of MI6 naval diver Lionel Crabb, who
was charged with securing Russian naval
secrets from the warship Ordzhonikisze in
Portsmouth Harbour, 1956.

ESCAPE AND EVASION

If the GRU through its undercover elements

were responsible for the attempted assassina-
tion of Sergei Skripal and his daughter Yulia,

Continued on Page 82

42 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

 ASSASSINATION ANALYSIS

THE THREE VOLUMES

1989. President Bush greets UK
Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher at

W
ithin the GRU exists a unit of Camp David
experienced analysts whose
task it is to collate all
information on suspected and response or heightened tension in areas of
confirmed assassinations; from senior dispute. In some cases the response is tough
political figures such as John F. Kennedy, to - take the West’s ejection of over 150 Russian
military advisors and even well known diplomatic and intelligence staff from its
terrorists. Historical entries are also gathered embassies following the attempted murder of
and more modern affairs such as cases which Sergei Skripal. Compare this with other cases,
fall under the banner of ‘Government Sanc- including the suspected assassination attempt
tioned’. A good case example being the of Ukraine President Viktor Yushchenko in
Mossad operation in Dubai, UAE, in 2010. 2004. During his election campaign he very
This complex and elaborate mission was nearly died after ingesting
performed by over 20 agents and resulted in Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD), a dioxin
the death of Hamas agent Mahmoud Al- found in Agent Orange. This had reportedly
Mabhouh (below). However, the UAE security been secreted into his food. Many intelligence
services soon secured data on the suspects. Ukraine President Viktor Yushchenko officials believe the case had threads to
- note his scarred facial skin Moscow, but little internationally was done
Such data is used and the fallout minimal. Asked in April 2018, if
by field instructors, Equally important, not only the data from he believed Russia was responsible,
trainers and successful assassinations is collated and Yushchenko replied: “I have an answer, but I
operations’ used in planning, hundreds of unsuccessful cannot voice it.”
specialists working assassination attempts can be found in the
for the GRU volumes. All of this provides clues and gives Though in recent years, Moscow has chosen
Spetsnaz. Planners the Spetsnaz a hidden advantage. to give the Spetsnaz a little public celebrity in
can also take honour of their Special Forces work, much still
advantage of its A third ‘volume’ contains ‘reactional data’. The remains a closely guarded secret. “Spetsnaz
‘rich’ and forever GRU has long watched Western and other has both a public and private face,” a Russian
evolving and nations’ responses to assassination and intelligence source told Eye Spy. “This is not
updated content. political fallout, which can lead to a military unusual when military, civilian and intelligence
bodies combine.”

That the Spetsnaz forces remain proactive in

all manner of fields, including operations
involving the so-called ‘Deep State’ is very
real. Sources claim its operatives have
specially built training centres modelled on
places of interest such as Camp David and
Downing Street, as well as other buildings
relevant to the operations of high-profile
leaders. Attacks against the mock-up sites by
its personnel-in-training are conducted in the
belief that one day they may very well needed.
All a little fanciful? Perhaps, but those with
intimate knowledge of the collation of
assassination data have confirmed their
2017. President Trump holds a national security meeting at Camp David existence.

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 43

focus on chinese intelligence operations and fbi counter-intelligence

DISMANTLING THE CIA NETWORK

ORIGINS?
US CHARGES FORMER CIA OFFICER

T
he US Department of Justice, about some facts (travel in China) and could
has formally charged an ex- not explain properly “unexplained cash
CIA operative with conspiracy deposits.” Lee did admit preparing a docu-
to commit espionage. Jerry ment in response to tasks placed before him
Chun Shing Lee, 53, is by the Chinese spies.
alleged to have conspired
with Chinese intelligence agents to “deliver END OF LANGLEY’S NETWORK
national defence information to aid a foreign
government.” He is further accused of The FBI and CIA opted to act following the
secreting national defence files at his demise of America’s intelligence collection
residences. capability in China, leading to serious
Jerry Chun Shing Lee
concerns about a mole operating within the
Lee, a CIA Case Officer between 1994 and USIC. This initiated a widespread investigation,
2007, is alleged to have given Beijing the email address was provided and he was leading analysts to focus on former personnel
names of Langley assets and contact people assigned various tasks until 2011. The spies with threads to the Far East. Prosecutors said
working in China. This, believe CIA sources, said “they would take care of him for life,” and Lee made suspicious deposits in accounts
enabled China to “dismantle and destroy” a reportedly gave him a “gift of $100,000.” amounting to hundreds of thousands of
number of historical and cultivated intelligence dollars.
sources. Other intelligence writers believe as CASH DEPOSITS
many as 12 operational CIA spies were
executed or imprisoned because of the fall of In 2012, Lee returned to the United States with
Langley’s intelligence network. his family and stayed in hotels in Hawaii and
Virginia, where FBI agents searched his room.
According to the indictment, Lee, who had Here they discovered a notebook with the
lived in Hong Kong with his family since “true names of US intelligence operatives in
around 2008, was approached in 2010 by China along with telephone numbers.”
Chinese Intelligence (Ministry of State
Security) agents who allegedly offered him During subsequent interviews with FBI
“financial reward” in return for information. An counter-espionage officers, Lee allegedly lied

Hong Kong - alleged contact point

between Lee and MSS officers

44 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

 GOVERNMENT COMMENT
NATIONAL SECURITY AT RISK
US Assistant Attorney General for National
Security John Demers, commenting on the
actions of Lee, said: “When government
officials violate their oath to defend our
nation and protect its secrets, the National
Security Division will hold them account-
able. Lee, a former CIA case officer,
allegedly conspired to provide information
to the Chinese Government about the
national defence of the United States. Lee’s
alleged actions betrayed the American
people and his former colleagues at the
CIA. We will not tolerate such threats to our
Lee has pleaded not guilty to the charges and ‘Michael country or its national security.”
his solicitor Edward MacMahon, said his client Yang’ was a
denied being a spy and “we intend to prove he supposed
was not a spy at trial.” representa-
tive of the
Following his arrest, Lee was suspended from Shanghai
his job as a senior security operator for Academy of
Christie’s in Hong Kong. His trial is not Social
expected to begin until 2019. If found guilty, Service. The
he could receive a life sentence. Kevin FBI believe
Mallory this
EX-CIA OFFICER individual
was in fact a Chinese spy using the institution
GUILTY OF ESPIONAGE as cover.

T
he Lee affair follows closely on the During the trial, all manner of tradecraft was
heels of another spy case involving heard in the court, including how Mallory was
the CIA and China. The trial of former contacted via Linkedin by a ‘headhunter’ also
CIA and Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) called Yang - Richard Yang. The FBI contest it John Demers
(1990-1996) officer Kevin Patrick Mallory, 61, was this man who then introduced him to
concluded with Mallory being found guilty on Michael Yang.
espionage charges. The intelligence man, who As for Kevin Mallory, Mr Demers said: “This
speaks perfect Mandarin and who held Top On one occasion, Mallory was stopped at act of espionage is not an isolated incident.
Secret clearance, served with the CIA until Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport after The People’s Republic of China has made
a sophisticated and concerted effort to steal
2012. He was arrested in June 2017, and returning from Shanghai. He declared $10,000
our nation’s secrets. This conviction
accused of selling classified US Government in cash, but customs found another $16.500
demonstrates that we remain vigilant
documents to China. “stuffed in a large envelope in a bag, along
against this threat and hold accountable all
with a cell phone allegedly given to him by those who put the United States at risk
Part of his charge sheet read: ‘He transmitted Yang.” He told officials he had “miscounted through espionage.”
top secret documents using an illicit commu- the money” and the phone was a “gift for his
nications device’. One contact, a man called wife.” Mallory, according to the FBI, said he
contacted Yang and told him of the run-in with
FBI headquarters, Washington DC airport security, saying the money had been
taken and all the “risk was on him.” He duly
asked that the money (which had not been
seized) be “replaced.”

As for how the Bureau first rumbled Mallory,

FBI agent Melinda Capitano revealed that the
primary clue - a concealed SIM card - was
missed twice. Had this not been found, it’s
unlikely the case would ever have involved
espionage.

The card was contained in crumpled tinfoil in

a drawer. Capitano said: “We overlooked it
In recent months, the FBI has investigated three twice. Usually small bits of foil like this contain
drugs.” On the third search, the foil was
“significant cases of espionage...” all involving US unwrapped, the card discovered and its
nationals and China’s Ministry of State Security (MSS) content examined. On it were pages of top
secret defence information; counter-

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 45

 Like Mallory...
officials say
intelligence methods; defence technology and Hansen “tried to
other sensitive data, including an unclassified
paper on American intelligence policy. All of pitch himself as a
this, prosecutors said, “could harm national double agent who
security if given to an adversary.”
would ultimately
Mallory’s supporters say he is a patriot and act for the United
was only trying to “cultivate foreign agents,”
which would be useful to US Intelligence. The States.”
Virginia jury disagreed. Sentencing will be in
September.

THE INTELLIGENCE tion which the US Department of Justice

contend was destined for Chinese Intelligence.
unaware that the FBI had already begun an
investigation - despite meeting US officials on
‘CONSULTANT’ nine occasions in 2014.
DOJ documents state Hansen attempted to

T
he US has charged a former Defense ‘gather and pass on national defence informa- Authorities reportedly became suspicious of
Intelligence Agency case officer with tion to aid a foreign government’. Fifteen his activities after Hansen, who stopped
espionage. Ron Rockwell Hansen, 58, charges in total were brought against Hansen, working for the DIA five years ago, “repeatedly
a resident of Utah, was detained by FBI described as an “expert in HUMINT (Human tried to gain access to classified information.”
counter-intelligence agents in early June as he Intelligence), who allegedly acted as an Incriminating also, Bureau agents said he
attempted to board a flight from Seattle to unregistered agent for China.” The FBI state would communicate with Chinese intelligence
Beijing. On his person was classified informa- that in return for passing on the material, he agents using cell phones (manufactured by
would receive $800,000 (£600,000). Refer- Huawei and Xanda - China) provided to him by
LINKEDIN

ences to ‘smuggling goods from the US, bulk his MMS handlers. Thereafter a number of
cash smuggling and structuring monetary meetings between Hansen and agents took
transactions’ were also made. place, in which he was allegedly offered an
annual $30,000 for “consulting services.”
TOP SECRET CLEARANCE
One reason suggested for his alleged actions -
Intelligence sources say Hansen, who before Hansen was “seriously in debt to the tune of
joining the DIA served in the US Army (Signals hundreds of thousands of dollars.”
Intelligence), is fluent in Mandarin-Chinese
and Russian. Holding top secret clearance, the Assistant Attorney General John Demers said
alleged spy travelled regularly between the Hansen’s actions were a “betrayal of our
USA and China - 2013-2017. Like Mallory, in nations’s security and are an affront to his
his defence, officials say Hansen “tried to former intelligence community colleagues.” If
Ron Rockwell Hansen pitch himself as a double agent who would found guilty, Hansen could receive a life
ultimately act for the United States.” He was sentence.

US AND CHINA’S NAVIES CLASH

WARSHIPS SAIL THROUGH DISPUTED WATERS
USS Antietam

T
he US Navy continues “nearing the end of the biggest
to patrol and manoeu- land and sea grab since WWII.”
vre through waters
claimed by China in the South As President Trump continues to
China Seas - this as intelligenceengage with North Korea in an
analysts state Beijing is effort to reduce the possibility of conflict, several US warships including an aircraft carrier to
have traversed sea corridors intercept the US Navy ships.
which Beijing has declared
“belong to China.” China’s Foreign Ministry said the
US action was in “breach of in-
Several vessels, including the ternational law,” a claim rejected
guided-missile cruiser Antietam, by Washington. A Chinese
came within a few miles of official said, “China will continue
Paracel Island and other reefs to take all necessary measures
and inlets which support various to defend the country’s sover-
Chinese military commands, eignty and security.
including warplanes and ships.
The US, meanwhile, is planning
US security specialists train Malaysian
China responded by despatch- more manoeuvres in the
Navy sailors in the South China Seas
ing a number of warships, disputed waters.

46 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

 SEA DRAGON
AND AMERICA’S SILENT SERVICE
intelligence analysts have raised genuine
concerns in recent years that China’s Ministry
of State Security (MSS) has infiltrated the US
Defence contracting network, embedding its
own spies and front companies into the
Chinese Intelligence burgeoning US defence (civilian) industry.
However, this breach appears to be external.
Secures Top Secret
Information on US DUPLICATING TECHNOLOGIES

Navy Project “China is a master of technology duplication,”

a senior intelligence officer engaged in

NAVAL UNDERSEA WARFARE CENTER TARGETED countering China’s cyber offensive, told Eye
Spy. “As Sea
Dragon data was

U
S Navy intelligence sources have sought, the
acknowledged that a “significant hackers came
number of files containing details of across all manner
a top secret supersonic anti-ship of naval systems
missile project and undersea and programmes,
warfare planning documents,” have almost perhaps even
certainly fallen into the hands of Chinese names and parallel
Intelligence. The breach was allegedly made at Chief intelligence officer in the anti-surface projects, crucial to
the Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC), warfare centre on the USS Gravely the secret war
Newport, Rhode Island, where both serving which is ongoing
navy personnel and contractors engage in came across all manner of classified material, between the US
various military projects. In this case, cyber much of it found in the Navy’s submarine and China. All of James Talent
hackers allegedly focussed their attention on a electronic warfare library. this is especially
single contractor who had access to a wide relevant today in respect of what is happening
range of materials. Puzzled counter-intelligence officers from the the South China Seas.” James Talent of the
powerful Office of Naval Intelligence (NID) US-China Economic and Security Review
The main target of the cyber attack was to service, questioned why the sensitive Commission said: “China is completely
secure information on a little known project information - all of it crucial to planning and focused on securing advanced weapons
codenamed Sea Dragon. Whilst Beijing’s operations - was housed on an unclassified technology through all kinds of means. That
hackers sought data on the project, they also network used by contracting teams. Some includes secrets from defence contractors.”

2016. George Admiral Philip

Maris of the Naval Davidson
Undersea Warfare
Center with former
US Defense
Secretary Ash
Carter at the
Newport facility

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 47

 NUWC DIVISION - NEWPORT, RHODE ISLAND

One of two divisions of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, it is the

Navy’s full-spectrum research, development, test and evaluation,
engineering, and fleet support centre for submarine warfare systems
and many other systems associated with the undersea battlespace.
Vice Admiral Thomas Moore,
Newport provides the technical foundation that enables the conceptualisation, research,
Commander of Naval Sea Systems
development, fielding, modernisation, and maintenance of systems. NUWC Division
Command (NAVSEA)
Newport is responsible for all aspects of systems under its charter, and is engaged in
Talent’s words were echoed by Admiral Philip efforts ranging from participation in fundamental research to the support of evolving
Davidson of US Indo-Pacific Command. After operational capabilities in the US Navy fleet. The major thrust of Newport’s activities is in
acknowledging Beijing is introducing much applied research and system development. Though headquartered in Rhode Island,
Newport, it operates detachments at West Palm Beach, Florida, and Andros Island in the
quieter submarines, sophisticated weapons
Bahamas. Remote test facilities are located at Seneca Lake and Fisher’s Island in New
and sensors, he said its spy services are
York and Dodge Pond, Connecticut.
charged with securing (by espionage)
technology they cannot develop by their own
means - targeting contractors through recent security breach, which is said to have The NSA and GCHQ regard this facility as the
cyberspace as well. Davidson told the US occurred in February 2018, the US Navy is set “cyber- hacking hub of China.”
Senate Armed Services: “One of the main to test aspects of the programme in Septem-
concerns we have is cyber and penetration of ber this year. Intelligence analysts warn that if Pentagon officials are reluctant to discuss the
the dot-com networks, exploiting technology China can understand the US system, then it breach, first reported in the Washington Post.
from our defence contractors in some can introduce counter-measures. In recent However, Defense Secretary Jim Mattis sent
instances.” weeks there have been several incidents in the out a circular to all of the country’s cyber
disputed waters of the South China Seas, and military branches to re-examine security in
Sea Dragon (not to be confused with a 1967 commentators note the ‘Dragon’ title in the respect of contracting agencies.
naval endeavour) is most relevant to opera- targeted project could be relevant to its
tions which involve complex strike and ultimate mission - against Chinese subma-
disruption systems on some US Navy vessels.
Though few official releases have been made
rines and advanced navy warships. AN UNEVEN PLAYING FIELD
Three years ago President Obama and
about Sea Dragon, it has been under develop- Those with knowledge of the latest cyber Chinese President Xi Jinping agreed in a
ment for around five years and replaced or attack on US naval secrets, blame an MSS “cordial manner,” that both nations would
enhanced earlier projects. Also relevant to the contract unit based in Guangdong province. refrain from cyber attacks against commer-
cial targets. However, this placid agreement
does not include any military, government
or intelligence body. Many believe the cyber
attack on those systems containing Sea
Dragon and other related systems’,
has broken the 2015 pledge.

Sailors from the USS Stockdale in the South China Seas.

Inset: General Dynamics Mission Systems - Remote Environment
Monitoring Unit (REMUS) at NUWC Division Newport Presidents Obama and Xi Jinping

48 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

 background accessible on
open-source platforms, such
as social media, are affecting
and impacting on intelligence
agents’ ability to operate
covertly in foreign theatres.

Historically, many operatives

assumed the identity of
someone who had died at an
early age and basic paper
record keeping made it difficult
TRADECRAFT to scrutinise such a legend.
Technological advances now
allow extensive information

Social Media Impact on and background analysis of

peoples’ lives through social
media, as well as identity

COVER AND LEGEND verification at borders with

biometric scanning and other measures. At the same time, the
complete absence of a detailed social media presence can be a ‘red
flag’ to a monitoring counter-intelligence agency, causing investigators

O
ver the past eighteen years, Eye Spy has dedicated many to examine an individual with far more vigour.
pages to the most fundamental tradecraft requirement of an
operational spy - Cover and Legend. Essentially, legends are Intelligence officers today are being taught the potential vulnerabilities
well prepared assumed identities that allow intelligence of a presence on social media - or the complete lack of it. And this
officers unique access where they can recruit agents, means that operating undercover now involves a long-term strategy
manipulate unwitting insiders, observe, report and take direct action and additional planning. An intelligence officer’s presence on social
themselves if necessary. media must be consistent with their cover and cannot be subject to
historical revision.
The three forms of cover - Diplomatic, Official and Non-official, have
evolved because of the rapid changes in the digital age and the skills A NEW TRADECRAFT WITH AN HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
required to maintain a legend. Virtual record keeping, modern surveil-
lance technology and the vast amounts of data on an individual’s Commenting on this tradecraft element,
which social media can both support and
threaten, Mark Kelton, former CIA Deputy
Utilising social media to help conceal identity is Director for Counterintelligence, said.
a growing trait used in the intelligence world “Young people today are on the Internet all
the time and most people have a social
media presence. If they don’t, then you ask
why and look at the nature of that presence
- who are they in touch with, what are they
doing, is it something they actively keep up,
Mark Kelton
or is it something that sits dormant, why
would it sit dormant? All of these questions come to mind.”

An undercover intelligence officer’s online identity and lifestyle must

reflect the life they present themselves as living. While the underlying
principles of cover and legend might remain the same, it also requires
a change in mindset; where it was once common to keep a low

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 49

 “The US and its adversaries have been trying to
develop the unwritten rules for this new digital age...”

Richard Welch - CIA Station Chief in

Athens - assassinated in 1975

profile, there are an adversary reveals a spy’s real identity to leading to the publication of his home address
occasions and the public - news quickly spreads via social and phone number. A year later, Welch was
situations whereby it media and to broader audiences, embarrass- assassinated by a Greek terrorist group,
is helpful to conceal ing the spy’s government and possibly prompting Congress to pass the Intelligence
an identity or role by endangering him or her. Outing spies has Identities Protection Act. This in effect
having a prominent always been a strategic opportunity for nation criminalised the intentional, unauthorised
and public online states. And in recent times, there have been disclosure of information identifying a US
profile or persona. many well publicised events - perhaps the intelligence agent. Similar laws and regula-
There are some best example being the FBI’s exposure of a tions are in place in the UK and elsewhere.
analysts (and spy Russian spy ring in 2010. (See page 39)
chiefs) who argue DOXING AND THE DIGITAL AGE
that intelligence DOCUMENT TRACING
officials should not On the subject of doxing, John Sipher, a
be on social media at The practice today - known as doxing in the former CIA officer who served with Langley’s
all, but far more who world of intelligence - was initially directed at National Clandestine Service (Russian Desk),
maintain that it raises more red flags as it clandestine cyber-spies who operate over- said: “It seems to me that doxing intelligence
becomes the anomaly. seas. In some ways, doxing is the 21st officials was to be expected. The US and its
century version of outing an intelligence adversaries have been trying to develop the
COUNTERINTELLIGENCE QUANDARY officer in the media. The term derives from unwritten rules for this new digital age. What
‘document tracing’ and in the Internet age, it is is deterrence
Nevertheless, a public online presence can more like social engineering - gathering and in the cyber
create counterintelligence problems for analysing information on an individual using age? Where
officers operating overseas. By observing publicly available sources and platforms such are the
someone’s social media identity, foreign as Facebook. Data can also be secured boundaries as
intelligence services can also seek to through hacking. One intelligence officer countries and
determine whether a person of interest might compared it to “Internet hacktivism” and individuals
be vulnerable to recruitment. In addition, when “vigilantism.” Either way, ‘compromise’ is a steal or attack
word inextricably linked to the each other?
Philip Agee practise. How far can
authored the we go before John
book - Inside the DANGERS we trigger a Sipher
Company: CIA
retaliation?
Diary
Philip Agee, a disgruntled former How do we
CIA officer, allegedly revealed the send signals to make clear what is acceptable,
identity of over 1,000 CIA officers and what not? It took time for the nuclear
and contact people during the powers to develop rules of the road, and
1970s - this as he attempted to understand the distinctions between deter-
undermine the ability of US rence and defence. Spy services have also
Intelligence to operate clandes- developed a series of unwritten rules of how
tinely in many overseas theatres. they should interact. It will likely take some
In September 1974, Agee publicly time - and some pain - before the participants
identified Richard Welch as the better understand how they can play the game
CIA Station Chief in Athens, in the digital age.”

50 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

 Classified: The Insider’s Guide to
500 Spy Sites in London
Incorporating highlights and significant moments of over 100
Years of British Secret Service 1909-2015

Classified: The Insider’s Guide to 500 Spy Sites in London provides visitors to the UK’s capital with a unique
opportunity to journey to places that are forever embedded in the city’s fantastic spylore. Also included are many
forgotten sites where spies from around the world have conducted their own secret war with MI5 and MI6. Service
headquarters, covert hiding places, secret front companies, agent training locations, mail opening centres, under-
ground venues, safe houses, dead letter drop sites and the darker side of this fascinating ‘cloak and dagger’ world
are explored, including assassination and murder most strange. There’s also a splendid candid commentary about
the history of Britain’s Secret Service from its inception in 1909 to the present day.

This informative work produced by the editorial team of Eye Spy Intelligence Magazine reveals London’s enduring
liaison with the world of espionage. An illuminated history of secret spy games, tradecraft and treachery hosted by
one of the greatest cities in the world... indeed, the spy capital of the world!

• Full colour throughout • 544 pages with complete index • Over 1,900 photographs
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• intelligence service headquarters • branch locations • operations’ and planning centres • watcher surveillance
residences • front companies • interrogation rooms • special spy training schools • equipment centres • spy and spy
chief residences • branch locations • dead letter drops • covert agent meeting points • safe houses • notorious spy
residences • spy recruitment locations • entertainment and clubs • codebreaking buildings • assassins • garages and
lock-ups • honeytraps • plots • disguises • strange twists of fate • heroes • villains

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 51

TRADECRAFT

A-Z
The Language of Spies
The Language of Spies
Old, New, Forgotten
and Simply Strange
Eye Spy delves into another collection of
unusual, but authentic terms and phrases
used by those who work in the ‘grey’
areas of intelligence, espionage and security
general cost of running such crucial
ACCOUNTANT (WALLET) organisations. Naturally some observers are
sceptical, and maintain that appropriated
MONEY DISTRIBUTION monies do not tell the full story, and in many

I
ntelligence has a price. Perhaps not cases this is perfectly true. officers and staffers will be added to the
surprisingly, in modern times, the actual ‘pool’. This means more funding.
budget and funding of many intelligence Intelligence has never been more important to
agencies, from the CIA to MI6, the public is the security of any respective nation. And in Yet there are always opportunities for
given an insight into the cost of maintaining recent times, many well known agencies have spymasters to seek extra finances, especially
such services in an annual report. And though increased staffing levels, or proposed longer- in times of conflict or global troubles (horizon
the allotment of monies to various tasks is term projects. An example being British threats). And this is complemented by the
never provided, it at least gives insight into the Intelligence, where overall, an additional 2,000 funding of specialist and long-term operations
which as well as being complex, can be
expensive to conceal.

In the UK, there exists a little known mecha-

nism between the intelligence services and the
Treasury - a location whereby a senior official
and liaison will monitor costing, and the
funding of a whole manner of other topics
which fall under the remit of agencies such as
MI6, including providing funds to maintain
agents-in-place and the maintenance and
running costs of overseas buildings. Such
work is designated Top Secret. A similar
system exists in the United States, and a
US Treasury Department, Washington DC lesser known body in Germany has also been
declared.

52 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

 In some cases the phrase has been spoken to
identify a spy who has been purposely
identified (exposed) and will be targeted.
Perhaps a good example is CIA operational
officer Valerie Plame. She was outed in 2003
amidst the Niger ‘yellowcake’ affair when all
manner of deceit and spy games swept
through Langley and Washington involving her
husband - diplomat Joseph Wilson.

“...Housekeeping is called upon

to systematically engage with
senior officials to ensure all
efforts have been deployed to
secure and protect information.”

Here senior intelligence figures, and a person officers who are charged with internal and
(agency employee or liaison) dubbed the external security and protection of information.
‘Accountant’ (in the United States the ‘Wallet’) Their task also includes proper management
can meet with the government finance people of intelligence movement, handling, circulation
to secure additional monies that may or may and storage.
not be included in the final publicly declared
budget. Internally, operational officers may When information and intelligence appears to
also contact the Accountant to seek additional be mis-managed or worse, some finding its
money, perhaps as payment to an agent or way to an adversary through careless
informant, or enlarged funding to offer as a handling, ‘loose talk’ or perhaps deliberately
‘reward’ for crucial intelligence. In other Former CIA officer provided by a traitor within, Housekeeping is
cases, the Accountant will be asked to Valerie Plame Wilson called upon to systematically engage with
establish a ‘legitimate’ bank account in a senior officials to ensure all efforts have been
country where an operation will be conducted. deployed to secure and protect information.
All manner of procedures are investigated until
In respect of espionage, the intelligence HOUSEKEEPING those engaged in the internal effort are
controller has the right to debate payment for satisfied house rules have been followed.
information, thus the Accountant may also
IDENTIFYING A TRAITOR Staffers are briefed throughout, though in

T
seek guidance from ministers briefed on the he word ‘Housekeeping’ is closely many cases the real reason for the tightening
nature of the operation. Such monetary associated with the term Stranger in or overhaul of security will not be revealed,
information is important in the enticement or the House (see over). All intelligence this to conceal suspicion that the organisation
recruitment of a spy. Similarly, it’s not unusual services of note have a dedicated number of suspects a traitor is working in their midst.
for the Accountant to advise an intelligence
service on what a defector could expect to
receive as a long-term reward (pension etc.).
And whilst the annual budget of most Western
intelligence agencies is now publicly dis-
closed, this barely tells the whole story.

AUTUMN LEAVES
AGENT OR OPS END GAME
UK phrase for an operation which is

A coming to an end, either naturally or

by a directive. ‘Autumn Leaves May
Be Falling’ can be set against a whole range of
intelligence topics, from an agent coming to
the end of his operational usefulness, perhaps
through exposure, to the objective of a
specific endeavour having been achieved (or
not) . It has also been used in darker areas
whereby a service can no longer trust an The task of finding potential spies within a British intelligence
agent or indeed, a senior official is no longer service or security is known as ‘Housekeeping’
regarded or respected from within.

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 53

‘House Insurance’ - managing the illusion of ‘normality’

If leaks, mistrust or suspicion continues, it is premises’. In most embassies there exists at House Insurance also extends to protecting
not unusual for specially trained operatives to least one dedicated intelligence specialist, in safehouses. In this case smaller offices are
be assigned tasks whereby they can monitor larger concerns a team of intelligence officers operated and are shielded by a carefully
operations and information from within. In will be deployed, often working under constructed plan making their true purpose
some cases they will befriend a suspected diplomatic cover. These are known as Field ‘invisible’. Another important ‘intelligence
operative or even engage in conversation Stations. office’ - those operated by individuals or
outside the agency - this in a covert attempt to couples are called ‘shoe boxes’ and like larger
monitor his or her lifestyle, movement and However, it’s not unusual for other buildings to concerns (declared and undeclared) all are
friends. house intelligence-controlled entities. In protected by senior officers skilled in the art of
‘friendly’ countries these will be declared to deception.
In more extreme cases (if leaks continue on a the host nation, others are undoubtedly secret
specific project for example), the work may
even by moved to external premises or passed
- or will be cleverly designed front companies.
Management of security and concealment is
GARDENING
to another team. known as ‘House Insurance’, and is usually OPERATIONS AND PLANNING
controlled by an experienced officer whose

A
sole task is to manage the illusion of ‘normality’. Cold War term still used today by
HOUSE INSURANCE those in the intelligence business
Operationally, the task is supported by giving who remember the secret spy games
SECRECY AND INTELLIGENCE the appearance of a proper functional fought by the West and Soviet Union.
n the language of spies, various words are business, or diplomatic branch. Addresses, ‘Gardening’ is used by intelligence officials to

I used to describe domestic and foreign-

based intelligence collection points, or
actual locations used to protect ‘working
declaration of staff and the actual nature of the
work carried out seems innocent enough,
concealed by an authentic work practise.
describe the planning for intelligence opera-
tions. In more complex affairs, including some
which could well involve military elements,

John le Carre

New US Embassy, London

54 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

 ‘Gardening’ - D/CIA Bush and
President Ford examine a CIA
map of Lebanon advisory missions for its nationals), the CIA is
believed to operate safehouses in most foreign
countries. Some are active for lengthy periods,
others are short-lived and once they have
served their purpose, are quietly abandoned or
sold in a legitimate manner, thus ensuring
invisibility and not arousing suspicious.

OUT OF FRAME
AGENT END GAME
reasons, others to seek adventures new -

F
ew career intelligence officers care for
this expression, while others may be some lured by better job prospects and
more willing to accept its wider financial reward in the contracting world. In
meaning. ‘Out of Frame’ essentially describes both cases anyone designated Out of Frame is
an operative, informant or spy no longer essentially exiting the ‘official’ intelligence
willing to work in an agency, or on its behalf. arena.
However, it can equally be assigned to any of

various scenarios are discussed and the

the former who are no longer needed, or their
usefulness (according to their respective
SAND DUNES
‘ground is prepared’ - hence the word. agency) has expired. EVOLVING OPERATIONS
Following the end of the Cold War, hundreds of

I
Experts from ‘bespoke’ or contracting ntelligence officers and those planning
companies may be called upon to help in experienced intelligence officers in the United operations often warn that unforeseen
various areas to assist in the preparation of States and Britain, began pondering their obstacles may arise at any stage.
the operation, and in some instances these retirement, or were seen as unnecessary in Naturally all those engaged in its preparation
individuals are called ‘gardeners’. Some the new age of collaboration and cooperation. and delivery hope that everything runs
intelligence writers have attempted to link the Added to the ‘mix’ was emerging technology. smoothly and a successful outcome can be
phrase with John le Carre’s book - The Thus an exodus of talent and brilliant thinkers achieved. However, ask most intelligence
Constant Gardener - though this is certainly and planners believing they were Out of Frame people if this is usually the case, then you
not the case. Le Carre (David Cornwall), was departed - only for many to be rehired as would be greeted with a smirk.
of course an MI6 operative. consultants - costing agencies such as the
CIA a great deal of money. From implementation, agent reliability, area of

THE LANDLORD As for those in the first bracket, numerous

operation and costing, numerous factors can
deflect or upset the stability of an operation;
case files exist whereby intelligence people lest we not forget inadvertent circumstances.
SAFEHOUSES AND BUILDINGS have decided to depart, some for ethical In many cases intelligence services plan for
‘Landlord’ is a CIA and British

A Intelligence word used to describe the

primary operator who oversees
security and running of a safehouse or the
purchase of a building to be used by intelli-
gence officers for a specific operation. The
officer or official tasked with such engage-
ments will often adopt the persona of a civilian
or business person, enabling him or her to
engage with locals, estate agents or sellers.
Additionally, they may opt to create a false
back-story allowing the location to be used
safely and without attracting attention.

Besides Field Stations within US diplomatic

missions (embassies, consulates and US

‘Out of Frame’ - an
intelligence person
no longer required or
not willing to work for
an agency

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 55

 US President
Donald Trump

international security agencies have all used

Shell Games and Side Shows as a deception
‘Sand Dunes’ - preparing for unforeseen changes in an tool in various ways. A simple example of the
operation without altering the primary objective usefulness of such an endeavour is by the exit
of the US President from a public building - all
doors will be protected - but he will use but
the unforeseen, and create ‘alternative routes’ In the climate of the Cold War, the Soviets too one chosen at the last moment.
which are called ‘Sand Dunes’ - this because enabled operations which could fall within this
the sands in a desert are blown and move - category, this to fool its adversaries into Travel to overseas countries by senior
only to form again. believing its nuclear warhead numbers diplomatic and intelligence figures is another
matched those in the West. And in later years activity guarded by the intelligence world -
Ultimately, it is quite normal for operations to to conceal financing and poor maintenance of ‘multiple options’ is a phrase which comes to
deflect from a pre-planned route, though an its arsenal. However, even the Kremlin could mind. It’s not unusual to create several
intelligence agency may view such movement not match British and later American Intelli-
as acceptable - if of course the original gence planners of deception.
objective is achieved.
The phrase[s] have also been used recently by
the CIA and Mossad in respect of Iran’s
SIDE SHOW - SHELL GAME nuclear programme. Langley officials believe
Tehran has carefully engaged in a skillful
DECEPTION AND DISTRACTION operation to conceal its real nuclear objective -
a bomb - by opening various known test and

T
he words deception and distraction research sites to inspectors and conforming to
are constants in the world of nuclear regulations. This, the CIA believe is a
intelligence - as evidenced by recent Side Show - all the while of course its most
happenings in Russia, America and the UK. trusted scientists continue to work in secret
They are also closely aligned with ‘Side Show’ on Iran’s nuclear bomb ambitions.
Weapons and millions of dollars in cash
and ‘Shell Game’ - intelligence language for an
seized by the Drugs Enforcement
operation of deceit enabled to protect or The US Secret Service, Britain’s Royal and
Agency (DEA) in central America
conceal a much wider or long-term objective. Diplomatic protection services and other
The scale and complexity of such operations
are limited only by their importance and
imagination of those whose task it is to
protect the real deception.

Such endeavours can take the written or

verbal form, or be an actual physical opera-
tion. In addition, they can be played out
electronically - on the radio, television or the
Internet via cyber hackers.

A good and enlarged example is the WWII

effort to confuse German Intelligence where
the actual landing of Allied forces would take
place on D-Day. Months prior to the event,
bogus armies were created, penetration
operations performed in southern Europe, and
all manner of false intelligence and leads
simply handed to Berlin, Operation Mincemeat
being a classic example (See Eye Spy 97).

All could all be bracketed in the term - Side 2003. An EU delegation meet with Iranian officials, including senior
Show. negotiator Hassan Rouhani to discuss Tehran’s nuclear ambitions

56 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

agendas, all of which are legitimate, some
even leaked to the media, but only one will be
used.

The use of Side Shows and Shell Games

extend way beyond the intelligence and
military world. For example, one US intelli-
gence case file shows the unregistered
movement of illegal weaponry in Central
‘Stranger in the House’ a spy run
America; three identical carriers were by an adversary who has access
selected, but only one contained the precious to secret intelligence
cargo. In this case it’s a guessing game for
the security services, one made even more
difficult if information is deliberately released British spy author and investigative journalist
pointing to the wrong carrier (Side Show). Chapman Pincher, always believed MI5
Director-General Roger Hollis was a Russian
And it’s not unusual for organised and spy - the Service’s ‘stranger’. He too notes
professional crime gangs to sacrifice a small that despite much suspicion and several
cargo of narcotics in order to conceal a much internal investigations to determine if the
larger consignment being transported organisation had been infiltrated by Soviet
elsewhere. Intelligence, nothing could ever be proven.
Chapman believed as head of the Service,
S TRANGER IN THE HOUSE
HOUSE Hollis was in a prime position to deflect
attention.
THE BIGGEST INTEL FEAR
Similar suspicion existed during J. Edgar
irst used in the Cold War by British and Hoover’s tenure as Director at the FBI. He was

F American Intelligence, the term reflects

operational concern that within a spy
organisation lurks a dangerous traitor who has
convinced Moscow had breached security.
And even today, the term is used by those
fearful of a breach. (See also Housekeeping)
Saddam
Hussein

access to secret intelligence and may also

seek to ‘turn’ associates.
STOVE PIPING and assess its validity. Qualified intelligence
decision makers were therefore kept out of the
To ‘out’ such a person, department heads will BY-PASSING THE ANALYSTS loop and had little chance or time to give their
deliberately leave harmless, or pass/circulate opinion. Some of the Stove Piped intelligence
convincing information to those suspected of IA terminology for the passing, also suggested a direct link between the Iraqi
being a ‘Stranger in the House’. Observation
of the suspect and monitoring of communica-
tions follow; so too any reference made of the
C movement, mismanagement and
often covert handling of raw
intelligence to senior planning officers involved
government and al-Qaida, all of which was
untrue.

information outside or within the sanctuary of in decision making. The intention is to deceive Within a short space of time the WMD
the intelligence service. and influence management, ultimately intelligence was used as a ‘legitimate’
prompting agencies and even governments to platform to invade Iraq in 2003 and topple
Whilst the ruse may eventually trap an act in a specific way. Saddam Hussein. Little evidence of chemical
operative, more experienced traitors will sense weaponry was discovered; Saddam’s nuclear
a deliberate trap and refrain from passing the Perhaps the first occasion when the term was bomb project had been dismantled, and the
information to a handler or adversary directly. used followed 9/11. A small intelligence unit CIA acknowledged there was no link between
Similarly, senior staffers will, from the very called the Office of Special Plans (OPS), the former regime and Osama bin-Laden, thus
beginning of the deception be aware that a established under President George Bush no hidden gems relating to the perpetrators of
trap has been set, thus if the traitor holds a (administration), used ‘Stove Piping’ to submit 9/11.
position of note, it is hardly likely to work. raw intelligence on Saddam’s WMD and
nuclear ambitions. The intelligence simply Intelligence watchers also found another
bypassed analysts and other vetting special- reference to Stove Piping in released files
ists who were properly placed and should relating to the 2012 attack on the US Consu-
have had access to the material to comment late building in Benghazi, Libya. Official papers
note that security concerns were certainly
raised prior to the attack which resulted in the
death of Ambassador Christopher Stevens,
diplomatic staffers and CIA contractors. A
document read: ‘In the months leading up to
September 11, 2012, security in Benghazi
was not recognised and implemented as a
shared responsibility in Washington, resulting
in stove-piped discussions and decision on
policy and security’.

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 57

NO FUNERAL IN KIEV
SPY GAMES TO CATCH
AN ASSASSIN

EXPOSING THE
FOURTH ESTATE
Ukraine journalist engages with intelligence officials
in a complex plot to identify an alleged assassin
hired by a supposed Kremlin-controlled agency
SBU - Security Service of Ukraine Logo

O
n 30 May, Ukrainian Government PLOT AND RUSE
media sources revealed that reported making one arrest. Babchenko said he
Russian war reporter and Kremlin Arkady Babchenko has been an outspoken had been informed a month earlier about an
critic Arkady Babchenko had been critic of President Putin for some time. He was alleged Russian plot against him and had agreed
assassinated in his apartment in reportedly murdered in Kiev on 29 May, “shot to cooperate with Ukraine’s counter-operation.
Kiev. Hours later the SBU, in the back at his apartment by an unidentified
Ukraine’s primary military and intelligence assailant,” according to a senior police
service, held a press conference and official. Images were circulated of Babchenko,
announced he had staged his own death to a father-of-six, lying on his front, with holes in
expose a plot to murder him and perhaps as the back of his shirt and a pool of blood
many as 30 other people. Babchenko then underneath him. Tributes were duly paid by
walked into the room to the astonishment of colleagues and friends online, and his wife
the press gallery - alive and well... was reported to be “inconsolable.”

International response to the shadowy Ukraine Prime Minister Volodymyr Groysman

operation has divided intelligence and media said Russia was responsible for the shooting,
opinion alike. Some believe it will prove a a statement rejected within minutes by
major victory for the Ukrainian authorities, Russia’s FSB Director Alexander Bortnikov.
especially if the SBU can provide hard
evidence linking the alleged assassination plot However, the following day, he emerged alive
to Russia. Others are concerned in the current at an SBU press conference, and the Service
environment of ‘fake news’ and admitted staging his death to investigate a
disinformation, that the operation further Russian plot to kill him. SBU Director Vasyl The ‘convincing’ photo circulated
damages the news media’s reputation and Hrytsak, said an elaborate sting operation had through international newswires of the
undermined credibility in Kiev while handing been set up to “catch an assassin controlled death of Babchenko
the Kremlin a propaganda gift. and funded by Russian forces.” Police

58 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

 Babchenko pictured in Tskhinvali,
South Ossetia. The area saw fierce
fighting between Georgia and
Russia during the 2008 conflict
INTELLIGENCE BACKGROUND: Alleged personal data sheets secured from the
conspirators containing a plethora of personal information on Babchenko,
including frequented places, addresses, associates, friends and family...

Borys German [Herman in Ukrainian], 50, was

arrested on 30 May and remanded in custody
for two months on suspicion of plotting a
terrorist attack, namely the murder of
Babchenko. Prosecutor-General Yuriy
Lutsenko, said that Herman had contracted a
former monk in the person of Oleksiy
Tsymbalyuk, who had fought in the conflict in
Borys Herman eastern Ukraine, to kill Babchenko.

SBU Director Vasyl Hrytsak

Lutsenko said: “After that, Tsymbalyuk went to

the SBU and joined an ‘operative game’ to
expose the organiser - Herman, according to
Borys Herman is arrested by police in Kiev. The suspect claims he was our theory. A number of other SBU agents
actually working for the SBU and informed the Service throughout his assisted with the operation.”
alleged engagement with a Russian-controlled assassin
According to Lutsenko, Herman met with
Tsymbalyuk several times and at one of their
meetings gave him $20,000 as a 50 per cent
down payment for the journalist’s murder, and
promised the remainder would be paid after
the killing.

Herman, the director of a Ukrainian-German

arms manufacturer called Schmeisser,
claimed he was recruited by an ally of Russian
President Vladimir Putin and that the plot was
part of a plan by Russia to regain complete
control of Ukraine - a former Soviet satellite.
Speaking in Kiev’s Shevchenkivsky District
Court, German said: “Six months ago,

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 59

 my old
acquaintance
contacted me,
an ex-citizen of
Ukraine, now
living in
Moscow. He
works in a
personal
foundation of
Putin’s - and is
Vyacheslav Pivovarnik in charge of Tsymbalyuk,
organising riots regarded as an
in Ukraine and planned acts of terror at the ultranationalist
next presidential elections. “He is called by Moscow in
Vyacheslav Pivovarnik. This is not a fairy tale, the uniform of
there’s nothing mystical here, everything has Oleksiy the Right
been proved.” Tsymbalyuk Sector

Herman claimed he was part of the counter-

intelligence operation having informed the SBU
about the plot. “I reported this to the head of
A COMPLEX CASE
Within hours of Babchenko’s
Ukrainian counter-intelligence because I think
death, Ukraine police released an
it’s their job, and not the job of Ukraine’s SBU e-fit of the suspected murderer
Security Service, to address,” he said. This (left) which looked remarkably
comment has baffled intelligence watchers. similar to a Chechen assassin
known as Validol, A.k.a. Valid
Herman also claimed he had also passed a list Lurakhmanov (right), who is
of 30 Russian assassination targets in Ukraine reportedly in the Ukraine. Both
to a counter-intelligence agent called Dima. “I images bear a similarity to Oleksiy
have personally disclosed many plans of this Tsymbalyuk, (above) the monk
Putin foundation,“ he alleged. “We knew who was supposedly hired by
perfectly well that there would not be any Herman to carry out the sanction.
murder of Babchenko, that everything would
be staged. We did it for the sake of our agents was “not true.” In addition, he noted lance, in which the suspect’s intentions are
country, nobody wants Russia to be active that information about the possible confiden- clearly evident, as well as simple logic. For
here.” He also warned that at least 100 killers tial cooperation of the suspect became known starters, the suspect does not know that the
were on the loose in Ukraine. to prosecutors only during the court hearing. counter-intelligence department is part of the
He said the information would be checked by SBU and not a separate agency,” Kravchenko
MYSTERY DEEPENS pre-trial investigators. said.

Ukraine’s chief military prosecutor Ruslan “These statements contradict the evidence Tsymbalyuk said in a social media posting:
Kravchenko, said Herman’s claims of itself, which is chronicled in protocols for ‘For the first time the SBU has worked to
cooperation with SBU counter-intelligence conducting clandestine investigatory surveil- forestall the FSB.’ He claimed ‘talented’
investigators had worked on the case and
prevented a killing. A former fighter against
pro-Putin rebels and Russian forces in eastern
Ukraine, he said he had cooperated with the
investigation. “For the first time we overcame
them (the FSB)... and this is beautiful.” But he
added: “Honestly, I do not know how my fate
will turn out now. I’m somewhat nervous.”

Babchenko at
Babchenko pictured with Ukraine President Petro Poroshenko (left) and head of SBU HQ
the SBU Vasyl Grytsak (military uniform) and Prosecutor General Yuri Lutsenko

60 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

 ASSASSINATED

Pavel Sheremet

In addition to the alleged assassination plot, the SBU released the following statement
together with the above images: ‘The Russian intelligence agencies tasked the organiser
(Herman) with another project using the money of Russia’s special services [to] buy on
the black market weapons and ammunition from the ATO region and organise caches on
the territory of the Kiev region’.

QUESTIONS Claiming that he was working for Ukrainian

counter-intelligence, he said he had known
Both Tsymbalyuk and Herman claimed to be perfectly well that there would be no killing. A Amina Okueva
working for Ukraine’s intelligence services. monk was hired “because he would not kill an
Ukrainian officials at first denied that but, in unarmed man,” he said in court. And once
the case of Tsymbalyuk, subsequently Babchenko’s ‘assassination’ had taken place,
admitted he had played a role. he said, his Russian contact had given him the
list of 30 more names, which he says he
Oleksiy Tsimbalyuk, once a monk and a passed to Ukrainian counter-intelligence. The
deacon in the Ukrainian Orthodox Church who prosecutor’s office has denied that Herman
used the clerical name Aristarkh, strongly and worked for Ukrainian counter-intelligence.
publicly avowed enmity toward Russia. Some
question why he would be selected to carry Kremlin spokesman Dmitri S. Peskov, said
Denis Voronenkov
out the contract killing of a prominent Kremlin Russia had nothing to do with the alleged kill
critic, others say he is the perfect candidate operation. “No such [Putin] foundation exists
who would go undetected. in Russia,” he told reporters. “Any allegations
about Russia’s possible complicity in this
In court, Herman tried to link the plot to staging is just mudslinging. They do not
President Vladimir Putin and to claim that he correspond to reality.”
too, had been working for Ukraine all along -
that he “was first contacted six months ago.” The level of international criticism and media
attention was such that the Ukrainian
Embassy in London felt compelled to issue a
statement justifying what it called a ‘special
operation’. “The hybrid war waged by the
Russian Federation against Ukraine demands
unorthodox approaches,” a spokesmen said. Oles Buzina

END GAME
If the assassination had taken place,
Ukrainian authorities will, in future days, Babchenko would have been the fourth
attempt to explain why they felt it necessary to Russian dissident to be murdered in Ukraine in
stage such a complex and controversial the last two years, following the deaths of
operation. What is clear, are the very real journalist Pavel Sheremet, fugitive politician
dangers to journalists in Putin’s Russia. The Denis Voronenkov, and Amina Okueva, the wife
newspaper Babchenko worked for, Novaya of a Chechen dissident accused of plotting to
Gazeta, decided to take a range of security kill President Putin who later led a pro-Ukraine
measures, including arming its journalists with battalion. Ukraine has blamed all three murders
unspecified ‘trauma weapons’ in response to
Borys Herman in court the threats and attacks they face. Continued on Page 80

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 61

MID-2018 INTELLIGENCE OVERVIEW

ISIS/DAESH
Eye Spy examines the current status of the intelligence
war and conflict with ISIS and how world governments
are cooperating to defeat its fighting forces and ideology,
this as attacks continue worldwide

M
I5 Director-General Andrew
BfV headquarters, Berlin
Parker, said Britain’s security
services have foiled 12
terrorist plots since March MI5 Director-General Andrew Parker
2017. Speaking to European addresses delegates at the BfV
spy and military chiefs at the 15th symposium conference in Berlin
of Germany’s national intelligence service -
Bundesamt fur Verfassungsschultz (BfV) in the group as a
Berlin, Mr Parker said since the terrorist attack movement will
in London 2013, when two ISIS supporters require sustained
murdered off-duty trooper Lee Rigby, 25 major international focus
attacks in the UK have been attempted - and have not gone away, including far-right for years to come.
all of them either disrupted or stopped. Some entities. “Europe faces an intense, unrelenting As I speak today,
of the targets included music venues, premier and multi-dimensional terrorist threat,” he said. they are seeking
tourist attractions and government buildings. to regroup, and
In a number of cases, the use of knives, IEDs MI6, the CIA and other international agencies, the threat seems
and vehicles were to be used. have joined in a secret collaboration, which likely to persist.”
does in part include some elements from
Mr Parker, whilst discussing the long-term Russia’s spy services, in attempting to Mr Parker also
threat still posed by ISIS, said it should not be infiltrate, disrupt and ‘conclude’ the activities referenced attacks
forgotten that al-Qaida and other terror groups of ISIS/Daesh in Syria, Iraq and parts of on mainland
Northern Africa. However, Mr Parker warned: BfV President
Europe - 45 in the
Dr. Hans-Georg
“Whilst Daesh has now lost its false caliphate last two years -
The Berlin conference Maassen
in its strongholds in Syria and Iraq, tackling calling the
focussed on hybrid threats
situation an
“intense and unrelenting terrorist threat.” And
despite obvious references to the UK leaving
the European Union, all the security heads
agreed that continued and increased coopera-
tion in the fight against terrorism was
essential.

“As I speak today,

they are seeking to
regroup, and the
threat seems likely
Counter-ISIS forces fire on a
to persist...”
terrorist position MI5 Director-General Andrew Parker

62 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

 ISIS FIGHTING FORCES
ESTIMATE OF THE SITUATION
In July 2017, combined
intelligence from senior
authorities, military and
intelligence agencies
operating in Iraq and
Syria, revealed that an
estimated 60-70,000 ISIS fighting opera-
tives had been killed, with a further 20,000
in detention. Commanders in Iraq now
believe the total today is nearer 100,000.
While data on the remaining remnants of
former ISIS ‘battle units’ is sketchy, one
reported CIA Estimate said that as few as
Graphic showing territory lost by ISIS since January 2015 to early 2018 2,000 fighters remain in the main fighting
theatres.

A FAMILY AFFAIR However, other sources believe the figure

may be higher, but all agree ISIS has lost
New Tactics as ISIS Focus on its prowess and capability to launch major
Defeating Counter-measures military attacks, primarily because of a loss
of funding, transport, armaments, weapons
Using ‘Unseen’ Bombers and supplies. Other vanishing and impor-
he retreat of ISIS from its former tant factors are the loss of ‘command and

T strongholds in the Middle East and

return of its fighters to the countries
of origin, is recognised by all intelligence Dita Oepriarto, Puji Kuswati and
family - all perished
control’, ‘hearts and minds’ and the ‘fear
factor’.

Intelligence and NATO officials who

officials, as a major threat. In the last eighteen
attended the Berlin conference, agree this
months, attacks by ISIS supporters and The mother also carried an IED into a church - does not diminish the menace of the group,
returning terrorists have increased - from accompanied by two other siblings - aged 8 nor does it stop its supporters outside Syria,
North America to the Far East - no country and 9 - all perished after she exploded her Iraq and North Africa, from carrying out acts
seems immune. suicide bomb belt. of terror.

One nation which has seen many of its National Police chief Tito Karnavian said
nationals return following the military defeat of Oepriarto was the head of a Jemaah Ansharut
ISIS, is Indonesia, and an attack there on 13 Daulah (JAD) terror cell which is supportive of
May 2018, reflects the menace and total ISIS, while Indonesian President Jok Widodo
disregard of human life. In the city of called the attack “barbaric and beyond the
Surabaya, Dita Oepriarto and his wife, Puji limits of humanity.”
Kuswati, opted to use their teenage sons,
aged 16 and 18, as suicide bombers to carry After security services searched the family’s Hassan Hassan
out attacks at two churches. Thirteen people home, they discovered an array of bomb-
died and around 40 were injured. Dita building material. Indonesia’s security service Syrian Hassan Hassan, who co-authored
the informative book ISIS: Inside the Army
Oepriarto then drove his explosive-laden car initially said the couple were among an
of Terror, believes around 7,000-10,000 ISIS
into the gates of another church. estimated 500 ISIS fighters who have
loyalists remain in the main theatre. He
largely agrees with the CIA figure of 2,000
who remain active in conducting
operations. However, Hassan believes ISIS
has evolved: “They now operate almost as
a terrorist insurgent group.” He believes
that following the collapse of its forces in
Iraq, those who survived, joined colleagues
in Syria.

Indonesian President Joko Widodo (white shirt) examines the site at one ISIS leader - Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
church attacked by the bombers

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 63

 24-FOUR-HOURS LATER

The following day another ‘family suicide

attack’ took place at the police headquarters in
Surabaya, this time a father and mother
carrying their three children and an assort-
ment of explosives on motorbikes crashed into
Above: Images of four of the five
a perimeter checkpoint. Six police officers and
senior ISIS commanders captured
four civilians were injured. All but a young girl
after the CIA enabled an operation to
on the motorbike survived the blast.
lure the men into Iraq
Authorities named the adults as Tri Murtono,
50, and his wife Tri Ernawait, 43. Baghdadi. He was captured by Turkish
security services and returned to Iraq, where

National Police chief Tito Karnavian THE TELEGRAM STING he was questioned by intelligence officials. On
his person was a cell phone which was used
Five Senior ISIS Terrorists to contact his four colleagues in Syria through
Captured by Deception a secret number. Of further interest, several
returned from the conflict areas in Iraq and secret bank accounts containing large sums

O
Syria, this was later withdrawn. fficers from Iraq’s National Intelligence of money used by ISIS to fund its fast-
Service (NIS) and security services dissipating ‘control and command’ in the
ISIS’s Internet-based propaganda media outlet working with colleagues from at least region, were also discovered on al-Eithawi’s
Amaq said: ‘Three martyrdom attacks killed one US intelligence agency, lured four senior cell phone. The prisoner also provided the
11 and wounded at lease 41 among church ISIS commanders from Syria into Iraq, in an location of several ISIS training and support
guards and Christians’. The death toll was elaborate sting operation using the Telegram centres which were duly bombed by Alliance
based on radio and television reports, and app. The men, named as Mohamed al-Qadeer, forces. In one strike, 39 ISIS terrorists were
Amaq soon revised its figure. Saddam al-Jammel, Essam al-Zawbai and killed near Hajin, in the strategically important
Omar al-Karbouli, were all on a ‘most wanted’ region of Deir al-Zour, Syria.
The attack took place just 48-hours after a ISIS list.
prominent group of Muslim scholars met in The ‘safe’ contact number enabled the CIA
the country, denouncing violent extremism and This followed the arrest of Ismail al-Eithawi, a and Iraq Intelligence to create a ruse whereby
terrorism. senior aide to ISIS leader Abu Bakr al- the four would receive instructions to cross

CIA-NIS NIGHT GAMES

A Special Forces unit captured the
four ISIS commanders one-by-one as
they crossed at a designated point on
the Syrian-Iraq border

Indonesian security forces have fought a two-decade war with terrorist

factions in the country, most aligned to al-Qaida and more recently, ISIS.
Upper left: Insignia of the country’s counter-terrorism force - Kopassus

64 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

 Iraq security advisor Hisham al-Hashimi
believes the “noose is tightening” around ISIS
leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, who he believes
is in hiding in the border regions between Iraq
and Syria.

As for this latest setback to ISIS, President

Trump tweeted: ‘Five most wanted leaders of
ISIS captured’.

• Around 5,000 US security advisors and

intelligence support people are still operational ISIS fighter Naweed Hussain sent
in Iraq. Safaa Boular photographs of his
‘personalised’ AK-47 assault rifle

the border at a secret location believing they MAD HATTERS TEA PARTY which he used in Iraq

would be part of a team planning further First All-Female Terror Trial

operations inside Iraq. One by one as they known as Umm Isa
crossed into Iraq (area unknown) they were in Britain al-Amrike in Syria,
arrested. The operation began in February and he trial has concluded of three women in this case using
is being hailed as “significant,” by intelligence
analysts. The captured men were all involved
in security and governing ISIS-controlled areas
T charged with plotting an ISIS-inspired
terrorist attack in London, including
one targeting the British Museum. The plot
the Telegram app.
Al-Amrike was
killed in May 2016
around Deir al-Zour. Iraq Prime Minister Haider was broken following an MI5 operation which by an armed CIA-
al-Abadi called the operation a “major victory.” involved surveillance and eavesdropping at controlled UAV. This
one of the suspects’ homes in the capital and intelligence led the
the interception of communications in the Security Service to Rizlaine Boular
Middle East. the family.

Eighteen-year-old* Safaa Boular, her mother As MI5 and New

Mina Dich, 44, and her sister, Rizlaine Boular, Scotland Yard
21, have been found guilty of plotting to attack probed deeper into
various targets. Following the death of Safaa the cell, an
Boular’s fiance, Naweed Hussain, an ISIS undercover police
operative fighting in Syria on 4 April 2017, the officer posing as an
intensity of the women’s ambition increased. ISIS sympathiser
The court heard Safaa had planned to travel to made contact. “All I Mina Dich
the Middle East and join Hussain - in a suicide need was a car and
President Trump with Iraq Prime bombing pact. “The couple would then depart knife to get what I want to achieve,” Safaa told
Minister Haider al-Abadi the world holding hands and taking others with him.
them.”
When Safaa was arrested, the plan to strike in
MI5 and GCHQ intercepted various communi- London moved to her sister. In an intercepted
cations between Boular and an ISIS recruiter phone call, the two sisters discussed ‘Alice in

British Museum, London

Safaa Boular

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 65

 Safaa outside
MI6 HQ with
clenched fist

Wonderland’ and having a ‘tea party’ on 27

April. On 25 April, Rizlaine and her mother
were surveilled by MI5 A4 Watchers as they
carried out reconnaissance in Westminster
and at MI6 HQ. The next day they purchased
FICHE S
FRENCH SECURITY WATCH LIST
several long knives and a rucksack.
Like the UK and USA,
MI5 sources believe the codename for the France has a security
attack was ‘Mad Hatters Tea Party’ (Rizlaine watch list called Fiche S
being the Mad Hatter). Rizlaine admitted that President Emmanuel Macron (‘S’ being Security). First
this was the day she would kill people with created 50-years ago, it is
“long knives in Westminster,” and together constructed and operated very differently.
The group released a video showing Asinov
It contains the names of an estimated
with her mother had already pleaded guilty in pledging his allegiance to its cause.
20,000 people (various levels of security
the preparation of acts of terrorism.
interest), who are considered threats to
French President Emmanuel Macron tweeted: national security. French intelligence
*Safaa Boular was 17 at the time. ‘France has once again paid in blood, but will sources acknowledge that the list does
not give an inch to the enemies of freedom’. not necessarily include just terrorist
A DANGEROUS NUMBER FRENCH POLICE HERO
suspects, far from it - only around 50%
are believed to have threads to terrorism,
Lone Wolf Strikes in Paris either supportive, ideology or regarded
The latest lone wolf as ‘active players’. Persons who pose
n ISIS-inspired terrorist, named as 21- attack follows the

A
any danger to France, from violent
year-old Khamzat Asinov killed one deadly antics of individuals to major crime sponsors are
person and injured several more in a ISIS terrorist
knife attack in the Opera district of Paris on 12 Redouane Lakdim,
May. Witnesses said as the man struck his 25. On 23 March
victims, he shouted “Allah Akbar.” Police he killed four
arrived within minutes and shot the attacker people and injured
dead. 16, two of them
seriously, during a Redouane Lakdim
The terrorist, born in Chechnya, featured on a hostage-taking
security service watch list for his suspected incident in Trebes, southwest France. Lakdim
links to ISIS, and was hailed by the terror hijacked a car in the city of Carcassonne,
group’s media as ‘one of its own soldiers’. wounding the driver and killing the passenger,

Police and media at the scene of the

attack in the opera district of Paris Police at the scene of the supermarket
hostage-taking incident
before driving
toward Trebes.
There, he shot at
police officers
before entering a
supermarket,
taking several
people hostage.
Salah Abdeslam During the resulting
standoff with police, Lakdim demanded the
release of Salah Abdeslam* - the only
surviving member of the ISIS terror cell that
attacked Paris in 2015. Two hostages were
Khamzat Asinov killed before Lakdim released all but one
woman whom he used as a human shield.

66 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

 Charlie Hebdo attackers - Cherif and
Said Kouachi - both on the watch list Nathalie Ghoulet

included, so too anti-nuclear activists - an Far-right politician Marine Le Pen, also

“indication of its variety,” according to criticised the list following the Paris
French intelligence watchers. Some of attack. She tweeted: ‘What purpose can
those on the list are surveilled vigorously, this fiche S serve if we don’t stop these
others placed under ‘passive surveil- time bombs from causing damage on
lance’. Bizarrely, it does not give police
November 2015. Police at the French soil?’.
cause to arrest individuals on the list. Bataclan Theatre, Paris, where ISIS
fanatics - some on the Fiche S list - However,
Some intelligence officials want those killed 89 people intelligence
involved or suspected of being involved analysts from
in terrorist activities removed to a more masterminds of the Charlie Hebdo attack the French
“appropriate watch list” - similar to those in the same year, and Redouane Lakdim, Centre for the
operated by MI5 and the FBI and one who killed four people including police Analysis of
dedicated solely to security, intelligence officer Arnoud Beltrame in March 2018. Terrorism,
and counter-terrorism. They also want to note that 60%
remove from France current Fiche S French Senator Nathalie Ghoulet, of those
names who are not French nationals. emphasised that in recent times, the vast responsible
majority of those who performed terrorist for terrorist
Besides ISIS knifeman Khamzat Azimov’s acts in France were on the Fiche S. As acts in
name being on the list, other recent Chairwomen of the country’s Inquiry France since
notable terror suspects included Amedy Commission into extremist jihadist 2014, were Marine Le Pen
Coulibaly, involved in the deadly 2015 groups in France, she wants the current not on the
Paris attacks, Cherif and Said Kouachi - watch list scrapped. Fiche S.

an agent on the telephone - this as he sought

French TEXAS MALL TARGET others willing to help him. Various targets
policeman ISIS Supporter Planned were discussed; a school, Hindu temple and
Lieutenant the Stonebriar Centre mall in Frisco. The FBI
Colonel
‘Mass Shooting’ state he spent around $1,400 on the purchase
Arnaud 17-year-old Texas student has been of weapons and tactical clothing.
Beltrame,
44,
swapped
A accused of plotting to carry out a
mass shouting at a Dallas shopping
centre. Matin Azizi-Yarand, was trapped
US prosecutors said he was inspired by ISIS
and had planned the attack for mid-May.
himself for following an undercover FBI operation which
the began in December 2017. Unbeknown to him, US intelligence has taken a pro-active stance
woman he revealed his intentions in support of ISIS, to towards preventing ISIS conducting terrorist
and kept
his cell
phone Arnaud Beltrame
switched
on enabling police to keep track of the ongoing
situation. Sadly, Lakdim stabbed the officer
and shot him in the head, prompting counter-
terror officers to storm the supermarket and
shoot the ISIS fanatic dead. Beltrame’s
immense bravery resulted in him being
posthumously promoted to colonel and made
a Commander of the Legion of Honour.

Since 2015, 232 people have been killed in

France by ISIS supporters. The worst attack
on 13 November that year, claimed 130 lives.
Stonebriar Centre mall in Frisco, Texas
* Salah Abdeslam was jailed for 20-years in April.

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 67

 THE MESSAGE MAN
ISIS Supporter Posts 360,000
attacks in the Messages Urging Attacks
country, and
has acknowl- n ISIS supporter in the UK who
edged that
surveillance
of those
A posted “hundreds of thousands” of
propaganda messages on the
Internet, faces life in prison after he admitted
suspected of his guilt in court. Husnain Rashid, 32, was
links to the arrested last November following a joint MI5-
Matin Azizi-Yarand group, or GCHQ-New Scotland Yard investigation. GCHQ
those also learned he was in contact with ISIS
supportive of its ideology, is taking place in 50 fighters in Syria.
states.
In one October 2017 posting, he urged ISIS
As for Yarand, he remains in prison on a $3 supporters to target four-year-old Prince
million bond. Under Texas law he is an adult George, shortly after he started school at St
and could face life in prison if convicted. Thomas’s in London. Along with the message
Major General Felix Gedney he included a photograph of the school with a
superimposed photo of two ISIS fighters. The
SEVEN DAYS cussed on eliminating the remaining ISIS caption read: ‘Even if the royal family will not
fighting forces.” be left alone... school starts early’.
Operation Inherent Resolve
n a seven day period in May, Alliance US and Iraqi forces working with Syrian

I forces conducted over 50 major opera-

tions against ISIS positions in Syria and
Iraq, targeting vehicles, weapons dumps, IED
Democratic Forces (SDF) have liberated an
area of nearly 2,000 square miles in the
important Euphrates River Valley, previously
holding buildings, safe houses, supply held by ISIS. “Hundreds of terrorists have now
warehouses and a command-and-control chosen to surrender than continue fighting,”
centre. Also destroyed were tunnels and caves said British Army Major General Felix Gedney,
used in the last twelve months by escaping the primary Task Force Deputy Commander
terrorists. Many of the strikes were in eastern for Strategy and Support in the region.
Syria, where intelligence officials are “fo-
US intelligence sources have also revealed
that one of the main financiers of ISIS
operations in Syria, was killed in an air strike
in late April in Dashisha. “This has left
remaining fighters with dwindling resources
and in low morale,” said Gedney. “ISIS fighters Husnain Rashid
continue to surrender than face certain death
as the Syrian Defence Forces tighten their
containment lines.” Rashid initially denied all charges, despite the
weight of evidence. However, just days into
In early May, Iraq held its first Parliamentary his trial in May, he changed his plea to guilty
SDF fighters in Syria on four of seven counts, two of which were
Election since the “full liberation from ISIS.”
that he ‘engaged in conduct in preparation of
terrorist acts’ and ‘encouraging terrorism’.

Senior investigating officer DCI Andy Banks,

from the UK’s North-West Counter-Terrorism
Unit, said Rashid had posted 360,000
messages in 150 formats using the encrypted
Telegram messaging service between
November 2016 and November 2017. Other
posts urged ISIS supporters to attack football
grounds, shopping centres, the General
Election, BBC Proms in the Park (music
festival) and other targets. He said operatives
should use knives, homemade bombs,
poisons, chemical weapons, vehicles and
even a special Israeli martial art used by its
Special Forces known as Krav Maga.

DAWN RAIDER: USAF F-15C Eagle prepares to take off from an air Judge Andrew Lees told Rashid, a former
base in Europe for a strike mission in Syria teacher in Nelson, northern England, to expect
a lengthy sentence, which could well be life.

68 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

© JEAN-PIERRE REY/DGSE

THE INTERPRETER
French Intel Officers Face Spy Charges

Breakthrough in historical espionage case

reveals alleged Chinese Intelligence operation
to entrap and ‘turn’ DGSE Beijing Station Chief

I
ntelligence sources in France have of extreme gravity have been detected by this
confirmed that two former DGSE French Lu Kang service (DGSE), which has brought these
intelligence officers have been detained facts to our attention.” French President
on suspicion of espionage and could Emmanuel Macron said the alleged conspiracy
face treason charges. Both men were was “extremely serious.” A presidential aide,
reportedly recruited by Chinese however, refused to confirm China was behind
Intelligence following a suspected ‘honeytrap’. the espionage, saying simply, “we’re two big
Though the DGSE and Defence Ministry have powers who know each other well.” He also
revealed few details, the case originates back said the affair would not “derail relations
to the late 1990s, but has just now surfaced. between Paris and Beijing,” while China’s
The former intelligence men were arrested in Foreign Ministry spokesman Lu Kang,
December 2017. declined to issue a comment.

According to French media sources, the

episode began in 1997 when Henri M., 71,
then DGSE (Foreign Intelligence) Station Chief
at the French Embassy in Beijing, began
having an affair with a Chinese interpreter
used by the diplomatic service at the em-
bassy. Reports in France say she was an
undercover Chinese agent, though this has yet
to be confirmed by the authorities.

French prosecutors have requested that a

number of intelligence files dating from July
2016 and April 2017, be declassified and
released. A Paris prosecutor said: “These acts

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 69

 that he asked Paris to recall Henri M. to France
in 1998.

Thereafter there are gaps in what happened

next, but one source claims Henri M. soon
departed the DGSE but retained his threads to
China, and opened a business importing
Chinese furniture. By 2003, he and his wife
had divorced and he returned to China. A year
‘The Russian’s have their moles,
later he duly married his lover - the former the Western agencies their sleeper
interpreter at the French Embassy. DGSE agents; the Chinese have their
sources report the couple then relocated to ‘chen diyu’ - fishes swimming in
Hainan Island - close to China’s primary
nuclear submarine hub in the disputed South deep water - which the French are
China Seas. Here they opened a restaurant. painfully learning now...’
The former interpreter has been indicted for
“concealment of treasonable crimes and
placed under judicial control.”

MEDIA AND SPY FOCUS

French media have long had an interest in the

case, none more so than Franck Renaud,
investigative author of the book Les Diplo-
mates: Derriere la Facade des Ambassedes
de France (Diplomats: Behind the Facade of
the French Embassies). Amongst a catalogue
President of France - Emmanuel Macron - of interesting case files and life within France’s
“concerned” about spy revelations outposts, he referenced a number of interest-
ing events at the country’s Beijing embassy.
DIPLOMATIC CONCERN He said: “Did the DGSE want to avoid a crisis
and at the same time let Chinese Intelligence
Henri M., now retired, and another DGSE man, believe that Henri M. might be a double agent
named as Pierre-Marie H., 66, have reportedly feeding them false information?”
been charged with “passing information
detrimental to the fundamental national Speaking of the spy allegations, Florence
interests [of France] to a foreign power.” The Parly, the French Defence Minister said: “Two
Journal du Dimanche newspaper, said when French agents in our service and probably one Former French Ambassador to
Henri M. moved to Beijing, his wife opted to of the spouses of these agents are accused of China, Pierre Morel
stay in France, leaving him “exposed and serious acts likely considered acts of
vulnerable to the charms of the interpreter.” treason... on suspicion of delivering informa- Alain Chouet, former head of the DGSE
tion to a foreign power. The compromised praised the Service, but acknowledged foreign
In the late 1990s, sources state that Ambas- information could undermine the security of powers continue to “hunt for intelligence,
sador Pierre Morel was tipped-off by intelli- the state.” She confirmed the charges against SIGINT, HUMINT and other forms,” without
gence associates about the liaison. He was so the agents but remained coy when asked if the identifying China as the culprit in the case of
concerned about a potential breach in security, men’s controllers were Chinese. Henri. M and Pierre-Marie H. “They’re trying to
learn what other powers intend to do in terms
of politics, diplomacy etc., while of course
continuing their hunt for economic informa-
tion.”

Information flow on the case is fragmented,

which has puzzled some intelligence watch-
ers, while other sources told Eye Spy the two-
decade old case file was being “reopened and
probed” and could “open more investigative
avenues that might implicate other spies.”

Nevertheless questions are being asked in

France why the affair has taken 20-years to
surface. One senior editor said the incident
could lead to all manner of secret and
Alain Chouet. He headed the DGSE from 2000-2001 sensitive areas, hence caution was needed.
He believes the domestic service - DGSI - has

70 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

 2018. French armed forces and naval exercise. French Intelligence fears important
historical maritime and military intelligence may have been compromised

CHINESE SPY CONTACTS travelling

businessmen
Writing in a media column about the spy case, and women,
French intelligence watcher Philippe Marvalin contractors
wrote: ‘The Russian’s have their moles, the and high-
Western agencies their sleeper agents; the profile
Chinese have their chen diyu’ [spies and figures. In
informants] - fishes swimming in deep water - recent
which the French are painfully learning now’. months,
He said China has 18 spy agencies employing Australia has
7,000 people which operate 50,000 agents. warned that
“The US is their main target, and in Europe Chinese
they are especially active in France, Britain, spies
Holland and Germany,” said Marvalin. From continue to
whence he secured his data on operative meddle in the
ASIO Director-General
numbers is unclear, but Eye Spy believes the country’s
Duncan Lewis
real figure of Ministry of State (MSS) affairs,
personnel employed in its spy agencies is including political arena. In late May 2018,
French Defence Minister, Florence over 100,000, with access and contact to over Director-General of Australia’s primary spy
Parly, has acknowledged a major 1 million Chinese nationals living and working service - ASIO (Australian Security and
investigation is in progress abroad - all willing to help. Intelligence Organisation) Duncan Lewis,
for some time engaged in the investigation of speaking in Parliament, said: “The current
the activities of the suspected spies, and once British and American Intelligence have scale of foreign intelligence activity is
there was sufficient information, notified its circulated a number of warnings to diplomatic unprecedented.” And though he did not name
counterpart (DGSE) and the Defence Ministry. and intelligence staff over China’s clever China in respect of his remark, few do not
‘honeytrap’ methods developed over the believe the thrust of his commentary targeted
Intelligence specialist and former consultant years. Similar warnings have been issued to Chinese Intelligence.
on Chinese affairs to the DGSE, Francois-Yves
Damon, said: “Knowing the capacity of
China’s secret services, seeing two former
DGSE officers caught and imprisoned, doesn’t
surprise me in the least.”

DGSE Director Bernard Bajolet

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 71

 timeless intelligence
Cold War Spy Training Film
The Danger of Soviet Spies
fascinating film about the Macredos, firstly stealing items from their

A
dangers of Soviet spies and barracks such as confidential training manuals
entrapment, has been released for payment, then stealing firearms and even a
by the United States Depart- low-grade nuclear weapon.
ment of Defense. Created in
1964 at the height of the Cold War, the film Having second thoughts, serviceman Charris
was used to train servicemen who were becomes embroiled in a physical fight with his
shortly to be posted overseas. friend. Shortly thereafter as the film nears its commanding officer. The picture closes and all
end, Charris - reports the entire episode to his the men are arrested.
The story follows an American soldier known
as Charris who is recruited by Soviet a
Intelligence officer known as Macredos while
on a business trip to Vienna.

Macredos is a highly likeable Russian man

who along with his KGB colleagues frequents
the city’s main shopping areas in the hope of
befriending American servicemen - described
as ‘pigeons’. After contact is initiated by
buying drinks, he then promises introductions
to women.

After persuading Charris to join him for drinks,

the Russian picks up the bill and convinces
him he is writing an article about the Seventh
Army and makes a seemingly innocent
request for information. Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson with West Berlin Mayor and future chancellor of
West Germany Will Brandt. The diplomats welcome troops from the US First Battle
Other US serviceman get progressively more Group, 18th Army into Berlin. The United States, along with allied nations based in the
involved as the story-line continues with city and elsewhere in Warsaw Pact counties, were concerned about KGB recruitment

OSS HONOURED
US bestows highest civilian honour
upon secret agents of America’s
WWII Office of Strategic Services

T
he OSS was the first brave, sterling and pioneering
US effort to implement service. A US Mint news release
a system of strategic on a new medal reads. ‘The CIA, The OSS medal reflects the overt and covert work of its agents
intelligence - the Navy SEALs, the Army Special
predecessors of the CIA. Now, Forces, and the Air Force Special decorations, including the Medal
after 76 years the operatives who Operations Command all have of Honor.
made up its ranks have been their precursors in the OSS’. The
collectively recognised for their US Department of State’s Bureau At its peak in late 1944, OSS
of Intelligence and Research can employed almost 13,000
also trace its creation to the OSS individuals, a third of whom were
Research and Analysis Branch. females. Today fewer than 100
members of the organisation are
Established on 13 June 1942 by a still alive. Twenty of them were
military order issued by President able to attend a formal presenta-
Franklin Roosevelt, the OSS was tion ceremony at the US Capitol’s
headed by General William J. Emancipation Hall.
Donovan, the ‘Father’ of US
Intelligence and the only American “The men and women who served Adam Schiff
to receive the nation’s four highest our country in the OSS are among

72 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

1 4
NSA SECURITY POSTERS
In the 1950s and 1960s the National Security
Agency (NSA) produced posters to remind
Americans through its Security Education
Programme, that keeping secrets was impor-
tant. These declassified posters were unearthed
by Government Attic, via its use of the
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). Funded by
the taxpayer, the vintage NSA posters are now
in the public domain. The entire collection of
posters, all 136 of them, are available to view
2 5 in PDF format at:
LINKS: [Link]/posters

3 6

1. Relaxed, smart and cigarette smoking - spy recruiter Macredos searches for targets
2. Charris inadvertently introduces the Soviet spy to his colleagues - called ‘pigeons’
3 & 4. Information is sold on weaponry, military exercises and even a nuclear warhead
5. Charris and Macredos clash after the American has second thoughts
6. West German counter-espionage officers and police arrest Macredos

Honouring the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) with the

Congressional Gold Medal at US Capitol’s Emancipation Hall

OSS man Joseph Fredericks, 95, with his medal. One of his
main tasks was to deliver supplies by parachute in the face of the medal features the reflected by shadowy figures.
middle of the night to resistance groups in Europe inscription ‘OSS’. Shown within Below the design - dates 1942-
the letters are three figures - a 1945, representing the active
the most deserving of the vanquish some of the most woman, a paratrooper, and a man years of OSS. The medal’s
Congressional Gold Medal,” malevolent enemies that our in a suit, representing the broad reverse shows the OSS Spear-
remarked House Permanent Select country, and indeed the world, has range of work undertaken by the head inscribed with codewords
Committee on Intelligence Ranking ever faced. We owe them a debt OSS. Each is rendered as a shape related to important OSS missions
Member Adam Schiff when the bill of gratitude that can never be without details, a subtle pointer at and agents. This design was
was passed by the House of repaid” the way OSS agents sought to sculpted by Joseph Menna and
Representatives in November operate anonymously or in the also designed by Damstra. Bronze
2016. “The OSS, members of our Designed by Emily Damstra and shadows. Indeed, the diversity of replicas of the medal are now
‘Greatest Generation’, helped engraved by Renata Gordon, the the work conducted by OSS is available from the US Mint.

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 73

 NORAD AT 60 THE RAF B
ORGANISATION AND ITS HISTORY RECOGNISED WORLDWIDE ‘ROAD

T
he Royal Air Force has
launched RAF100, a national
campaign to mark its 100th
year. The centenary
celebrations are scheduled
to run until September 2018.

One imaginative event is the

RAF100 Baton Relay which visited
every region of the UK and several
overseas locations including the
Falkland Islands, Washington DC,
the United Arab Emirates and
Afghanistan. The baton was carried
Air Force General on a variety of RAF aircraft, vehicles
Paul J. Selva
and sports equipment by personnel
from various branches of the RAF.

T
he North American of Staff said: “NORAD helped build is increasing operations, helped
Aerospace Defense one of the building blocks of by melting ice and more accessi-
Command (NORAD), is deterrence that has served us bility, Selva said: “We can no
celebrating its 60th since that day.” He recognised the longer guard solely against
anniversary. Various events are coming together of both the external threats. Regrettably, we
underway to mark the historical United States and Canada in must be prepared for security
journey of the organisation since creating a global organisation that challenges from within our
its inception at a time when there could counter threats from a borders again.”
was a very real possibility of variety of theatres, and its
nuclear war. importance today. Selva said the organisation has
adapted and remains as vital and
Air Force General Paul J. Selva, Interestingly, after referencing relevant today as it did on its
Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs events in the Arctic, where Russia inception 60 years ago.

MARKERS TO REMEMBER
Memorials and Support to Terror Victims
well as senior government ministers

A
permanent National
Memorial to British Victims at a ceremony to mark its opening.
of Overseas Terrorism has
been unveiled at the Among the families attending were
National Memorial Arboretum in survivors of the deadly Tunisian
Staffordshire, England. On 17 May, beach attack at Sousse in 2015, in
the Prince of Wales and the which 30 Britons were killed. Called Lee Rigby House
Duchess of Cornwall were joined by ‘Still Water’, its design - an
nearly 300 people who have lost elliptical-shaped pool surrounded by
relatives, friends and loved ones, as woodland, was selected by an independent panel, in consultation STRENGTH THROUGH SUPPORT
with victims’ relatives. The memorial
has no dominating symbolism but The UK also marked the one-year
was chosen as it reflected the global anniversary of the Manchester
reach of terrorism and the continua- Arena bombing with ceremonies
tion of life. It was designed by artist across the country. Twenty-two
Alison Wilding and sculptor Adam people were killed and hundreds
Kershaw. injured when a bomb was detonated
at the end of a music concert on 22
The memorial includes the names of May 2017.
28 British victims of the 2002 Bali
bombings; 67 British nationals who 22 May also marked the fifth
perished in the 2001 attacks on anniversary of the murder of British
New York and six UK tourists who Army Fusilier Lee Rigby who was
‘Still Water’ died in the 1997 Luxor massacre in killed outside Woolwich Barracks in
Egypt. south-east London by two ISIS

74 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

 COURTESY: BRITISH EMBASSY, UAE

AF BATON
ROAD AND AIR’ TRIP

Materials to construct the baton -

wood, aluminium and titanium -
were sourced from a WWI Sopwith
Camel, the legendary WWII Spitfire
and an F35 Lightning, a fifth The RAF baton in Abu Dhabi, UAE
generation combat aircraft currently
in service. 10 Downing Street In Abu Dhabi, the baton was carried The baton began its journey at the
by serving RAF personnel along the Royal Courts of Justice in London
In the UAE, the baton was taken by to the cemetery at St Martin’s Corniche, with several displays by on 1 April and will be on tour for
a team of RAF personnel serving in Church where a number of British the RAF’s aerobatics team the Red 100 days before its journey’s end at
the Emirates to the war memorial in servicemen who died in the UAE Arrows, before a reception at the Horseguards Parade, London, in
Dhadnah, Fujairah, erected to during postings there prior to 1971 British Embassy, hosted by the July, which will formally commemo-
commemorate RAF serviceman, are buried, with a short service of ambassador, Philip Parham. rate the RAF’s 100th anniversary.
Sergeant Billy Donnelly, who died in remembrance being held.
February 1943 when his Wellington

THEN AND NOW

bomber crashed there during the Manal Ataya, Director General of
war. Sharjah Museums Authority, said:
“The Royal Air Force and Sharjah
The baton was then taken to the share a long and important history.
UAE’s aviation museum, which was The development of aviation in the
part of the RAF base in Sharjah from UAE can be traced back to the
early in the WWII until 1971. There it establishment of the RAF airport at
UNDERCOVER AND IN DISGUISE
was shown to a group of students Al Mahatta. The Sharjah Museums
from Dubai English Speaking Authority was therefore delighted to
College who learned about the welcome the RAF100 baton on its
RAF’s history and the story of journey from London and to be part
aviation in the region more widely. of the RAF’s centenary celebra-
Also in Sharjah, the baton was taken tions.”

terrorists in 2013. Last year the Lee their families who need a getaway
Rigby Foundation opened Lee Rigby break. Referencing the Manchester
House on a secluded private estate attack, a spokesperson said: “From
in the beautiful Staffordshire now on, The Lee Rigby Foundation
Moorlands. The facility is available will open the doors of Lee Rigby
to any family who has lost a loved House to victims (and their families) LONDON: New Scotland Yard has released an iconic
one in military service, no matter of domestic terrorism and provide photograph taken in 1905. The caption read: ‘Working to
how long ago, and for veterans and support where we can.” catch the criminals, here are a group of Scotland Yard
detectives in various disguises. They were shortly to set out
© EUROPEAN UNION/EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT

on a special observation mission, which resulted in the

important capture of a cunning gang of thieves’. Compare
this to a photograph taken of an undercover team of Boliv-
ian police who were shortly to embark on a similar operation!

European Union President Martin Schulz lays a wreath at the site

of the Sousse terror attack in memory of those who perished

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 75

 WORLD WAR II AT SEA: A Global
History
Craig L. Symonds
Oxford University Press, Oxford

C
raig L. Symonds has
established himself as one
of the finest naval historians
at work today. World War II at Sea
represents his crowning achieve-
ment: a complete narrative of the
naval war and all of its billigerents,
on all of the world’s oceans and
seas, between 1939 and 1945.

Symonds shows how any limita-

tions on naval warfare would
become irrelevant as Europe
erupted into conflict once more and
its navies were brought to bear
against each other.

World War II at Sea offers a global

perspective, focusing on the major
engagements and personalities and
revealing both their scale and their
THE SECRET WORLD: A History
interconnection: the U-boat attack
of Intelligence
on Scapa Flow and the Battle of the
Christopher Andrew Atlantic; the ‘miracle’ evacuation
Allen Lane from Dunkirk and the pitched battles
for control of Norway fjords, to

T
he history of espionage is far name but a few.
older than any of today’s
intelligence agencies, yet the Symonds expertly illuminates not
long history of intelligence Christopher Andrew only the mechanics of large-scale
operations has been largely warfare on and below the sea but
forgotten. The first mention of offers wisdom into the nature of the
espionage in world literature is in others, Renaissance Venice, war itself. Hardback 792pp
the Book of Exodus. ‘God sent out Elizabethan England, Revolutionary
spies into the land of Canaan’. America, Napoleonic France, right
up to sophisticated modern
From there, Christopher Andrew activities of which he is the world’s
traces the shift in the ancient world best-informed interpreter. What South Africa and Libya, Mark
from divination to what we would difference have security and Wilkinson provides a detailed
recognise as attempts to gather real intelligence operations made to analysis and vivid account of the
intelligence in the conduct of course of history? Why have they development and functioning of
military operations, and considers so often forgotten by later practitio- Britain’s intelligence agencies in the
how far ahead of the West - at that ners? This fascinating book struggle against the proliferation of
time - China and India were. He provides the answers. Hardback chemical and biological weapons.
charts the development of 960pp Based on archival research and
intelligence and security operations interviews with key players in the
Available from Eye Spy Ref: ES/1717
and capacity through, amongst UK £37.50 USA $50.00 ROW £40.00 intelligence establishment, he
shows how a handful of chemical
and biological weapons experts
BEFORE INTELLIGENCE FAILED:
battled to make their voices heard.
Secret Intelligence on Chemical
They had evidence that illegal
and Biological Weapons in the weapons development was taking
USSR, South Africa and Libya place but were continually rebuffed Available from Eye Spy Ref: ES/1718
Mark Wilkinson by adversaries in Whitehall. UK £29.50 USA $40.00 ROW £32.00
C Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd
INVISIBLE AGENTS: Women and
Fascinating, surprising and
Espionage in Seventeenth

I
n the wake of the 2003 Iraq War, sometimes shocking, Before
the term ‘intelligence failure’ Intelligence Failed is a compelling Century Britain
became synonymous with the account of what was known about Nadine Akkerman
Blair Government and how it had chemical and biological weapons Oxford University Press, Oxford
used intelligence to construct a proliferation before the Iraq War.

I
case for war. This book examines Hardback 240pp t would be easy for the modern
British secret intelligence over the reader to conclude that women
thirty years preceding its very public (Intelligence Studies) had no place in the world of early
failings. From the Soviet Union to See Publisher for pricing details modern espionage, with a few

76 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

 ALL PRICES INCLUDE POSTAGE (AIR) AND PACKING
Donald Trump arrives
in Singapore for the
terrorism, from serious criminality, historic summit with
to be safe in using cyberspace, and North Korean leader
to have active foreign and aid Kim Jong-un
policies to help resolve outstanding
international problems. Secret
intelligence is widely accepted to be
essential to these tasks, and to be a
legitimate function of the nation
state, yet the historical record is that
it also can pose significant ethical
risks.

Principled Spying lays out a

framework for thinking about public
policy in this area by clarifying the science, and engage in massive
relationship between ethics and surveillance all at once, you would
intelligence, both human and make something a lot like Facebook.
technical. In this book, intelligence Of course, none of that was part of
seventeenth-century women spies expert Mark Phythian teams up with the plan.
identified and then relegated to the the former head of Britain’s GCHQ
footnotes of history. If even the signals and intelligence agency to In Antisocial Media, Siva
espionage carried out by Susan try to resolve the knotty question of Vaidhyanathan explains how
Hyde, sister of Edward Hyde, Earl of secret intelligence-and how far it Facebook devolved from an
Clarendon, during the turbulent should be allowed to go in a innocent social site hacked together
decades of civil strife in Britain can democratic society. Hardback by Harvard students into a force
escape the historiographer’s gaze, 304pp that, while it may make personal life
then how many more like her lurk in just a little more pleasurable, makes
the archives? democracy a lot more challenging.
It’s an account of the hubris of good
The very first study to analyse the intentions, a missionary spirit, and
role of early modern women spies, an ideology that sees computer
Akkerman demonstrates that the code as the universal solvent for all
allegedly-male world of the spy was human problems. And it’s an
more than merely infiltrated by dangerous threat that usurps their indictment of how “social media”
women. This compelling and ability to tell people what to think has fostered the deterioration of
ground-breaking contribution to the and is capable of stirring up democratic culture around the
history of espionage details a series discontent - or even rebellion. world, from facilitating Russian
of case studies in which women - meddling in support of Trump’s
from playwright to postmistress, In Fayke Newes, historian and election to the exploitation of the
from lady-in-waiting to laundry international journalist Derek Taylor platform by murderous
woman - acted as spies, sourcing tracks this long and bloody fight authoritarians in Burma and the
and passing on confidential between the press and those in Philippines.
information on account of political power, through the lives of the men
and religious convictions or to and women who got caught up in Both authoritative and trenchant,
obtain money or power. Hardback the battle. On a journey through the Antisocial Media shows how
288pp centuries, we criss-cross the Facebook’s mission went so wrong.
Available from Eye Spy Ref: ES/1720
Available from Eye Spy Ref: ES/1719 UK £22.50 USA $35.00 ROW £25.00 Atlantic between Britain and Softback 288pp
UK £22.50 USA $35.00 ROW £25.00 America and discover that neither
governments nor journalists have
FAYKE NEWS: The Media vs the always told the truth. Paperback
PRINCIPLED SPYING: The Ethics Mighty, From Henry VIII to Trump 360pp
of Secret Intelligence Derek J Taylor
Available from Eye Spy Ref: ES/1721
David Omand, Mark Phythian The History Press
UK £12.99 USA $20.00 ROW £14.00
Oxford University Press, Oxford

T
he insults President Donald ANTI-SOCIAL MEDIA: How

T
he question of how far a state Trump and the American Facebook Disconnects Us and
should authorise its agents to news media hurl at each other
Undermines Democracy
go in seeking and using secret are nothing new - from ‘fake news,
intelligence is one of the big dishonest press, racist... mentally Siva Vaidhyanathan
unresolved issues of public policy unstable etc.’. Oxford University Press, USA
for democracies today. The tension

I
between security and privacy sits at In Tudor England, printed papers f you wanted to build a machine
the heart of broader debates branded the monarch a ‘horrible that would distribute propaganda
concerning the relationship between monster’ and were in turn accused to millions of people, distract
the citizen and the state. The public of publishing ‘false fables’. Ever them from important issues,
needs-and wants-protection from since the invention of the printing energise hatred and bigotry, erode
the very serious threats posed by press, those in power have seen social trust, undermine respectable Available from Eye Spy Ref: ES/1722
domestic and international mass communication as a journalism, foster doubts about UK £22.00 USA $35.00 ROW £24.00

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 77

 TRADECRAFT
PART 13
The
Deceptive
Factor
President Putin - a master of control
and information ‘management’

deception around 1920. To understand the

military side of this skill let’s use the example
of the battle of Rzhev in 1942. Russian
General Georgy Zhukov headed the western
front troops and founded a strategy based on
IN THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE the principles of Maskirovka. Dummy tanks,
apparent large movement of troops, and radio

Maskirovka
broadcasts were convincing enough to cause
the German troops to think the main force was
to the south near Yukhnov, this drew the main
German forces to that area. Zhukov created
deceptions that clouded commander’s minds,
MIKE FINN engages with one of the most controversial causing them to make the wrong decisions
intelligence topics of the day - information warfare and its through misinformation. This allowed the main
Russian troops to come undetected from the
use by various parties to influence and secure an advantage north, and then using the element of surprise
victory was assured.

I
n this era, new domains of warfare are
emerging, many founded on the precepts UKRAINE AND RUSSIA CONFLICT
written about in my earlier articles.
People receive information via a cognitive A more recent event addresses the political
sensory mechanism, which is then pro- use of the above skill. The Crimea/Ukraine
cessed through the brain. The brain crisis arose in 2014, being surrounded by
will evaluate and respond to that information. turmoil of political interplay. The politics and
Our first vulnerable area is cognition; five intelligence input are complex, but in brief,
senses constantly supply us with information there is a pattern that reflects the nature of
about the world around us, this is ‘target one’ Maskirovka.
and open to manipulation. The next vulnerable
area is in the interpretation of that information; As the Ukraine events unfolded; (A) Problems
the brain processes are easy to deceive, by with demonstrations by pro-Russian followers
way of example: if you are attacked and shout in the Crimea town of Sevastopol began. (B)
“help,” the response will be nowhere as June 1945. General Georgy Zhukov In the Black Sea area of Crimea troops were
rewarding, as if you create a loud bang and (centre) with Eisenhower spotted without insignia but with Russian
shout, “whose car have I hit?” Political and intelligence studies on the equipment (C) Pro-Russian militia or Russian
Deceptive Factor can perhaps be best troops overthrew the parliament, but as there
Every aspect of a person’s life can be understood by looking at just one word - were no insignia, it was unclear who they
controlled; delivering the right manipulated ‘Maskirovka’. This Russian expression refers were (D) It was suggested that the humanitar-
messages will create the predicted response. to deception, but it is more far reaching than ian convoys supplied ammunition and fuel to
Human malleability in turn provides the that; denial, disinformation, deception, East Ukraine, whilst some sources suggested
desired mental and physical reaction. confusion, doubt, unbalance, and mistrust. It’s the humanitarian KamAz-trucks were mainly
Intelligence organisations such as Britain’s fair to say that this Russian disinformation empty (E) President Putin denied the involve-
MIB (1st Military Intelligence Brigade) and expertise is inimitable, and can be used in ment of Russian forces, passing the allegation
America’s PSYOPS are among many agencies both war and peace times. The concept is to off as “complete rubbish.” Whether the
who pursue the new technology and develop change perceptions so that the target makes incident was by design or serendipity is open
it. Being conditioned by subliminal persuasion unrealistic decisions, based on their false to conjecture. However, it is illustrative of the
is a far better option than unpleasant coercive (created) discernment of events. Deceptive Factor interplay.
techniques, in the former the target simply
believes their conclusions are self motivated Russia’s military developed the concept of Not all Deceptive Factor strategies go to plan.
and of their own ovation. Maskirovka, within its army school of During the Iraqi conflicts in 2003, The US

78 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

 Conjurers Psychologists

USAF F16s? Not so. This image shows

fighter mock-ups at Spangdahlem AFB,
Germany in 1985

HOUDINI MULHOLLAND PAVLOV WUNT

Information Research Research Illusionist

Warfare

DARPA GOTTLIEB MASKELYNE

T H E D E C E P T I V E FA C T O R D E V E L O P M E N T

Film still of the Jessica Lynch ‘rescue’

military brought about the rescue of private
Jessica Lynch, who was a prisoner of war. A
propaganda campaign directed at making her Both Maskirovka and Western Intelligence Information Warfare is much more subliminal
a hero began. Jessica was shot and stabbed, skills stem from the precepts of the deceptive than conventional counterparts, but it is equally
suffering horrific injuries through Iraqi artillery factor. The common denominators are as dynamic in the political arena. ‘Fake news’ is
fire, but fought on until she was captured. undeniable. Jasper Maskelyne (1902-1973), just one example, relying on the gullibility of the
However, of her own ovation Lynch dismissed made the Suez Canal vanish as German individual to accept information as truth.
the accounts as lies (See Eye Spy 19). planes flew over, tanks looked like lorries, and However, even simple self-questioning can
aircraft carriers became merchant ships etc. often re-establish the status quo.
Not dissimilar to the deception of General
2014. Unidentified troops in
Georgy Zhukov with his tanks. The role of the When information is presented to you do you
Sloviansk, Ukraine, almost
Deceptive Factor is increasing exponentially in consider the following?
certainly Russian
our modern era.
1. Is the source of the information reliable?
INFORMATION WARFARE 2. What do you know about the subject
being discussed?
The truth is that the Deceptive Factor is at the 3. Is there data you can compare it with?
forefront of modern warfare. Men such as 4. Does it sound plausible?
General Vladimir Belous suggested that future 5. Can you see a hidden agenda?
conflict will be fought in the intellectual realm; 6. Does it seem unbiased?
I think that it is certainly being fought in the 7. Is your judgement clouded by life
cognitive realm. Either way the new offensive conditioning?
has taken on the name of Information Warfare. 8. Are you prepared to find out for yourself,
Doctored pictures and film, misinformation or accept things at face value
through the media, social media, blogs, and
forums are all tools of this ‘war’. The Our tradecraft investigation now moves deeper
battleground is the mind of the individual, tools into the arena of Information Warfare. People
such as propaganda, mimetic tactics, say a picture is worth a thousand words, it’s
information manipulation, and perceptual used as proof, some even say a picture never
management, are all a part of an interesting lies. So let’s see how that fits into the Decep-
but complex strategy that is now unravelling. tive Factor in the next issue.

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 79

 © RUSSIA SERVICE BBC

Continued from Page 61

NO FUNERAL IN KIEV Bill Browder

on Russia but solved none of them. The posted a defiant message on Twitter, accusing
murder of pro-Russia journalist Oles Buzina in Russia of abusing Interpol. ‘This is the 6th
Kiev in 2015, has also to be solved. Similarly, time that Russia has abused Interpol in my
several senior SBU officers have been case’.
assassinated.
Earlier this year, Browder a hedge-fund
MEDIA CONCERN manager, and one of the Kremlin’s most high-
profile ‘public enemies’ said: “What the
The Committee to Protect Journalists (CJP) Russians would like to do more than anything
reports there were 58 journalists murdered in is arrest me and get me back to Russia and
Russia between 1992-2018, (motive then kill me in the control of their own system.
confirmed), and seven of these occurred in I’m at risk, at high risk. I don’t spend my life
Ukraine. The figures do not include those who living in fear, but I am definitely at risk.”
have gone ‘missing’ (14 persons) or those
who died in an [unspecified] ‘incident’ (28 In 2012, US President Barack Obama signed
persons), the nature of which has not been the Magnitsky Act, an act to punish Russian
satisfactorily established. human rights violators into law after lobbying
Sergei Magnitsky by Browder. And two years later the European
One fact very evident to intelligence watchers Parliament voted in favour of sanctions
and officials alike: The Kremlin will seize on someone else who was willing to challenge against 30 Russians alleged to be involved in
this ‘official deceit’ to show the lengths to Moscow - Sergei Magnitsky. the Magnitsky case.
which its enemies will go to tarnish Russia’s
reputation. There is no chance whatsoever As the Babchenko affair unfolded, Browder, a Last year Russia’s Investigative Committee
Russia will acknowledge any plot against British businessman branded a “serial killer” alleged that Browder was behind the deaths of
Babchenko, no matter how clear the evidence. by Putin was arrested in Spain on 30 May. He three men in connection with the fraud case
What Russia gains by this is another question. has been in verbal conflict with the Russian named as Octai Gasanov, 63, Valery
state after his solicitor, Sergei Magnitsky, Kurochkin, 55, and Sergei Korobeinikov, 67.
INTERPOL uncovered a £174 million fraud involving The men died in 2007 and 2008. In response
Russian officials. Magnitsky, whose story has the businessman said: “Putin is so rattled by
And it is not only journalists who are at risk. appeared in Eye Spy on several occasions, the Magnitsky sanctions that he has com-
The recent arrest and release in Spain of died in prison in 2008, in what his associates pletely lost touch with reality.”
British-American financier Bill Browder, claim was an “atrocious murder.” He was
provided a reminder of the actual death of allegedly tortured in prison after reportedly Eye Spy was informed at least five years ago
being convicted on false charges. that Sergei Magnitsky was on the so-called
Russian Assassination List.
Browder also testified to the US Senate
Judiciary Committee about alleged Russian
interference in the 2016 US Presidential
election and has said on a number of
occasions, he fears for his life because of his
criticism of the Russian government.

Following his release just over an hour later, he

posted a picture on social media of him
outside a Spanish police station, along with a
message: ‘Good news. Spanish National
In court, Ukraine’s Chief Military Police just released me after Interpol General
Prosecutor Ruslan Kravchenko read Secretary in Lyon advised them not to honour
a number of charges against Herman the new Russian Interpol Red Notice’. He also

80 EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018

 PSEUDOCIDE A CASE FOR PRECEDENCE
The intelligence and security world recognise
that people fake their deaths for many
MIRROR, MIRROR: AN AGE-OLD INTELLIGENCE ACTION
n 1982 the Securitate - (Department of

I
reasons. Most often it is done to escape legal
State Security) of then Communist Nicolae
or financial troubles, an extreme measure
Ceaucescu
designed to get a fresh start and make a clean Romania, planned to assassinate Virgil
break. On other occasions, the ‘victim’ just Tanase, a France-based dissident writer.
wants to be alone, to get away from daily Following publication of a Tanase article in
hassles, pressures, and obligations. Some French news magazine Actuel, highly critical
people ‘die’ to secure life insurance payments. of the regime of dictator Nicolae Ceaucescu,
Bucharest dispatched Matei Haiducu to kill the
In the security world the ruse is sometimes author. Haiducu promptly contacted the DST
used by police to convict people who have (Direction de la Surveillance du Territoire)
hired hitmen to commit murder. Earlier this former French intelligence directorate and
year in the Russian resort of Sochi, a 22-year- revealed details on the assassination plot ,
old man had asked undercover police posing along with a plan to murder fellow dissident
as hitmen to kill his parents and ten-year-old Paul Goma. It was then that French authorities
sister to secure their inheritance. His parents staged Tanase’s abduction and death.
then completed the sting by posing for photos
that appeared to show the killing had been Eric Denece,
carried out (below). After seeing the pictures Director of
of his ‘dead’ family, the man expressed France’s Cf2R
“delight” and agreed to pay the promised intelligence
£38,000 fee as soon as he had collected his service, said of ‘On 20 May 1982, Virgil Tanase was abducted
inheritance. He was immediately detained by the incident: outside his home in Paris. His wife, concerned
armed police and confessed, according to “Virgil Tanase at having no news, phoned the DST. The
police in the Krasnodar region. was a Romanian following day, accompanied by two policemen
refugee in France from the service she reported her husband’s
that the Romanian disappearance to her local police station. She
(intelligence) was all the more perfect in the role of worried
services, the spouse in that she did not know what had
Matei Haiducu famous happened to her husband and that a great
Securitate, farce was being played out’.
wanted to eliminate and the DST (French
surveillance) hid away for a time while making
out he was dead.”

SUMMARY At that time the Securitate was one of the

most brutal organisations in the world, and
As for the actions of the SBU and Arkady feared by both nationals and adversaries alike.
Babchenko, it’s unlikely that such role play It was responsible for thousands of deaths
could have taken place without passive and regularly engaged in torture.
support from Western intelligence services.
Jacques-Marie Bourget and Yvan Stefanovitch
The ruse of faking a person’s death has and authored an interesting book on the case -
still is used by shadowy elements in intelli- Des affaires très spéciales (Very Special Virgil Tanase today
gence planning. This allows time for a subject Affairs).
to be taken into witness relocation. Similarly, Virgil Tanase was duly spirited away to a safe
many suspect it is used in the case of house in Brittany for three months while the
defectors who fear assassination or retribution Romanian Securitate was accused over his
and others who simply want to escape from killing. A Paris newspaper then found out the
oppressive regimes. All in a bid to secure a truth and Tanase promptly emerged on the
legitimate ‘out’ or ‘retirement’ card. Some Actuel magazine premises to give a press
have even referenced Sergei Skripal in conference - a little reminiscent of Arkady
connection with the Babchenko affair. Babchenko’s sudden appearance in Kiev.

A number of his associates have warned “In the eyes of French counter-intelligence the
Babchenko of a “reaction” from Moscow, affair appeared a success,” said Bourget and
while others have advised that he should take Stefanovitch. French President Francois
a back seat from journalism and assume a Mitterand, fearing the “tragic hypothesis” of a
new identity. state-sanctioned murder, cancelled a
scheduled trip to Bucharest. Virgil Tanase,
Either way, the affair may yet come back to today aged 73, has returned to his career as a
Virgil Tanase
haunt the SBU and Ukraine Government. writer.

EYE SPY INTELLIGENCE MAGAZINE 116 2018 81

THE EDICT: DARK SKIES Perhaps a more simpler explanation exists -
GRU AND SPETSNAZ that the old GRU Soviet adage still applies -
“all traitors are given a death sentence.” And
Continued from Page 43 because of its secondary boast - “because we
can.”
the delivery agents (not planners) would have
needed an escape route. But remembering it
took several days for the British authorities to
determine the actual nature of the poison, and
its rarity, those agents or contractors would
have a great deal of time to return to Russia, PUTIN’S ASSESSMENT
or from whence they came. As for challenging President Putin on
the failure to terminate Skripal, Russia’s
Eye Spy believes the GRU operates one of the ‘untouchable’ leader told journalists
largest spy networks in the world, far greater that if his country had done the deed,
Vladimir Lenin
than its sister organisation the SVR (Russian he would be dead. “If a military-grade
Foreign Intelligence Service). Besides being poison had been used, the man would
able to draw on its vastly experienced military worked there. In 2006, it moved its central have died on the spot,” he said. “Thank
operatives, the GRU also controls numerous activities to a new building, and the name has God he is still alive.”
spy satellites from where it sources its reportedly ‘stuck’. In more recent times, the
communications intelligence (COMINT). It also GRU has been credited with the annexation of
operates other clandestine units which control the Crimea and a whole host of activities in the
or have made available, all manner of ongoing dispute with Ukraine, including
‘contracting’ companies and nationals who targeted assassinations. Similarly, it is
live overseas and can be called upon to assist credited with the ‘removal’ and deaths of
operations. They also can draw at any time numerous terrorist leaders linked to ISIS -
from the vast resources of the FSB. some by poisoning, others by carefully
concealed IEDs in the mail.
THE AQUARIUM
As for its personnel strength, one intelligence
The GRU’s predecessor was established in estimate produced by the CIA 20-years ago
1918 under Leon Trotsky and known as the said the Service had at least ‘six times more
Registration Department or RU. By 1921 it had agents operating abroad’, and could select
morphed into the Second Intelligence from a Spetsnaz force of over 25,000
Directorate of the Red Army. Unlike the KGB operatives’.
following the collapse of Communism, it
remained intact. This followed the declaration All of this does not explain why an attempt
of a rarely publicised and sacred instruction was made to kill Skripal. Numerous theories
from revolutionary leader Vladimir Lenin. continue to circulate amongst intelligence
Penned exactly one-hundred years ago. watchers, from his alleged association with
Vladimir Lenin said the RU should remain the underworld, that he was still engaged
independent from all other intelligence operationally in some capacity, or indeed, the
agencies. Its headquarters in Moscow was real target was his daughter Yulia who had
once known as The Aquarium by those who been tracked after her departure from Russia.

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