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Lecture 2

The document provides a guide on how to organize and summarize univariate categorical data through constructing frequency distribution tables (FDT) and relative frequency distribution tables (RFDT), as well as drawing bar graphs and pie charts. It includes examples using gender distribution data from a Math 153 class and outlines steps for creating visual representations of the data. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of reporting key findings such as the categories with the highest and lowest counts or percentages.

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Hannah Masilang
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25 views21 pages

Lecture 2

The document provides a guide on how to organize and summarize univariate categorical data through constructing frequency distribution tables (FDT) and relative frequency distribution tables (RFDT), as well as drawing bar graphs and pie charts. It includes examples using gender distribution data from a Math 153 class and outlines steps for creating visual representations of the data. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of reporting key findings such as the categories with the highest and lowest counts or percentages.

Uploaded by

Hannah Masilang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Describing Univariate

Categorical Data
Ø Constructing tables and graphs;
Ø Writing a brief report on the information provided by the table or
graph produced.
Organizing and Summarizing
of Data
How to organize and summarize categorical data

Constructing tables.

Drawing charts and graphs.


Constructing tables

1. Frequency Distribution Table (FDT)

2. Relative Frequency Distribution Table (RFDT)


How to construct FDT and RFDT

Example:

Consider the raw data values of Math 153 class. Construct FDT and
RFDT to summarize the distribution of gender in the class.
How to construct FDT and RFDT

Table 1. Gender distribution of 33 Math 153 students (ISU, Fall 2006).

RELATIVE FREQUENCY
GENDER FREQUENCY
(%)

Female

Male

TOTAL
How to construct FDT and RFDT

Table 1. Gender distribution of 33 Math 153 students (ISU, Fall 2006).

RELATIVE FREQUENCY
GENDER FREQUENCY
(%)

Female 23 69.7

Male 10 30.3

TOTAL 33 100.0
Drawing graphs

1. Bar graph

2. Pie Chart
How to construct a bar graph

Example:

Consider the summarized data Math 153 class. Construct a bar


graph of gender in the class.
How to construct a bar graph

1. Construct the first quadrant of a rectangular coordinate system.


How to construct a bar graph

2. On the horizontal axis: category names.


3. On the vertical axis: count.
How to construct a bar graph

4. Construct non-overlapping bars of equal width with heights corresponding


to the counts (or percentages) of the categories. Provide spaces between
bars.
How to construct a bar graph

Figure 1. Gender distribution of 33 Math 153 students (ISU, Fall 2006).


How to construct a pie chart

Example:

Consider the summarized data Math 153 class. Construct a pie chart
of gender in the class.
How to construct a pie chart

1. Determine the relative frequency of each category.


How to construct a pie chart

2. Draw a circle.
How to construct a pie chart

3. Use a protractor to measure the angles for each segment from the
center of the circle. Take note that a circle is 360°.
RELATIVE Part of the Pie
GENDER
FREQUENCY (%) (degrees)

Female 69.7 250.92

Male 30.3 109.08

TOTAL 100.0 360


How to construct a pie chart

4. Write the category names and their corresponding percentages or


value on the segment or in the part of the pie.
What to report

1. Mention the category with the highest count or percentage.


2. Mention the category with the lowest count or percentage.
3. You may add more, if you wish, but the first two are most important.

Example:
Title: Gender distribution of 33 Math 153 students, ISU, Fall 2006.

Based on the record of the professor, 23 of the 33 students (69.7%)


are females. There are only 10 (30.3%) males.
Exercise:

Construct FDT and RFDT for class distribution of students of Math 153. Draw
a bar graph and pie chart showing this summary. Write a report on the
summary of the class distribution of Math 153 class.

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