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Movement of linked bodies

This document describes dynamic systems formed by more than one linked body and how to calculate their movement. It explains that when one body transmits motion to another through a device such as a rope, a tension force occurs between them. It details that the linked bodies move with the same acceleration and velocity, and that the tension in the rope is equal but in opposite directions on each body. It provides a numerical example of calculating the acceleration and tension in a truck.

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250 views29 pages

Movement of linked bodies

This document describes dynamic systems formed by more than one linked body and how to calculate their movement. It explains that when one body transmits motion to another through a device such as a rope, a tension force occurs between them. It details that the linked bodies move with the same acceleration and velocity, and that the tension in the rope is equal but in opposite directions on each body. It provides a numerical example of calculating the acceleration and tension in a truck.

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ScribdTranslations
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Movement of bodies

linked
Introduction

So far, cases of simple dynamic systems have been addressed in the


that there was a single body, but this is not the most common situation.
what we can find. Most devices and machines
what we can observe around us is formed by different
interrelated parts, such that any failure or
problem in any of them is associated with the system in its
set stopped working.
These dynamic systems formed by more than one body are more
more complex to study than single body systems, not so much
due to the number of bodies to be dealt with (as it is possible, and in fact this is the case

but by the study of each of them separately


need to find and establish the relationships between all of them
to predict its movement.
A particularly clarifying case is that of the vehicle set-
trailer, in which the towing force of the vehicle must be transmitted
somehow to the trailer: this is achieved by using a
cable, rope or chain that transmits the force from one body to another.
If this intermediate transmission device is observed closely
from the force, we see that it tightens at the moment of transmission; by
Hello, in physical terms, we will talk about tension forces.
Definition of Tension

The force of interaction exerted between two bodies when one of them
transmits a movement to another through a material device. This
tension will be represented by Ty it is an action force-
reaction on the intermediary, usually a string or cable.
Characteristics

To simplify the study, the strings and cables used will be


"ideals" with the following characteristics:

They will be inextensible (and therefore will not store elastic energy.
inside it and the distances will be constant.

They will not break (capable therefore of withstanding any tension).


Representation

Let'slookatthereason:

The equation corresponding to the cord is T - T' = m.a, but given that
the rope has no mass (m = 0), so T = T' and therefore the
the tensions are exactly the same.
The bodies that are linked move with the same speed and
acceleration, thus coinciding the distance traveled by each one
of them. In addition, the tensions at the ends of the rope are
equal and opposite.
Horizontal plan

The simplest example of linked bodies is the vehicle set-


trailer. This situation occurs in situations such as on a train,
between the locomotive and the carriages it pulls, or in a car that
tow a caravan.
Schematic representation, the force diagram for a two-force problem.
linked bodies in motion on a horizontal plane with
friction is as indicated in the figure:
Remember

When it comes to solving a problem related to the application of the laws of the

Dynamics in a system of linked bodies, it is important that you continue


order the following guidelines:
Draw a force diagram as simple as possible, but that
contains all the information that has been provided. The point of
the application of all forces will be the geometric center of the body
on which they act.
Identify the forces acting on each body, as well as their
origin, type and direction. Keep in mind that tension is a force
of action and reaction applied at both ends of the rope with
opposite direction in each body.
Decompose all forces into their components according to the axes of the
reference system.

Apply Newton's second law to each of the bodies.


separated and on each of the axes.
According to this, and in light of the force diagram for the system
previous link, the equations of motion can be written
for each of the bodies:
Body 1:

Cuerpo 2:
Once the equations are written, you must take into account that, given the

considerations made regarding the nature of the rope, the


the accelerations of both bodies must be the same (a = a'), at
just like the value of T. If additionally the value of the
friction force as it has been done throughout the topic, it is reached
to the developed equations:
Body 1:

Body 2:
Example:

A light truck with a mass of 10000 kg is towing a loaded trailer whose


The total mass is 5000 kg. The truck's engine exerts a force of
80000 N. If the coefficient of dynamic friction between the ground and the
tires is µof= 0.4
Example:
Example:

Data
Example:

a) Draw the corresponding force diagram and write the


dynamic equations.

The corresponding dynamic equations will be:

For the truck:


Example:

For the trailer:

b) Calculate the acceleration with which the set moves.

The tension of the trailer is released:


Example:

Replace tension in the truck equation:


Example:
Example:

c) What is the tension that the coupling between the truck and the trailer can withstand?
Example:

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