8. What Is Phase Shift in a Transformer
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ScribdTranslations8. What Is Phase Shift in a Transformer
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ScribdTranslationsWhat is the phase shift in a transformer?
The phase angle corresponds to the angle formed by the hands at that point.
hour (Figure 38). Thus designated, with two letters and a number, the "group" to
Which transformer belongs.
What is the hourly index of a transformer?
It is the phase difference between the vector diagram of the forces.
electromotive forces (voltages) of the primary and secondary.
Time Index = Phase shift, in degrees, between the primary voltage and that of
secundario.
It's that simple, the problem is determining the time index of a
concrete transformer.
That is what we will learn here.
The first thing we need to know is that the hourly index is called that way
because the offset is expressed according to the hours of a clock.
Every hour, starting from 12 o'clock, represents a shift of 30°.
Let's look at the clock that is taken as a reference and with some example:
For example, if the phase shift between the electromotive force (emf) of the primary and the
The secondary voltage is 6, which means that the diagram of the primary voltage and
They are out of phase by 180º.
If it is 3, phase shift of 90º, if it is 11, phase shift of 330º (or -30º).
Once this is understood, let's see how the different options are expressed.
connection of three-phase transformers.
In transformers, the 'Connection Group' is also expressed, which is the connection.
from the primary and secondary coils using letters.
The first letter, in uppercase, expresses the connection of the primary. 'D' in
triangle, "Y" in star.
The second letter, in lowercase, expresses the connection of the secondary. "d"
in a triangle, "y" in a star.
It can have a lowercase n as the third letter to express that it is with
neutral. For example Dyn (triangle with star output with neutral)
The number that follows the connection group is the
time index of the transformer, as we saw earlier.
For example: Dy11 is a transformer with a delta connection on the primary side and
star connected in the secondary and whose hour index is 11 or 330º.
Yd11 will be star in the primary, triangle in the secondary, and phase shift of 330º.
The reasons to choose a Y or Δ configuration for the connections of
The ratings of the transformer are the same as for any other application.
Three-phase: the Y connections provide the possibility of multiple voltages,
while the connections in Δ enjoy a higher level of reliability
(if one winding fails, the other two can still maintain line voltages)
complete to the load).
Let's imagine we want to deduce the hourly index of the following transformer:
1º) We extract the vectors of the induced electromotive force from the primary AA’, BB’ and CC’. For that
we draw the following triangle.
If the primary is in star, we will have the star of voltages from the
neutral point, if it is in a triangle, we will have a representation of vectors
forming the triangle.
!!!WARNING!!!! Always draw the primary triangle in the same position already
What will be the reference for calculating the hourly index?
In the previous triangle, we put the letter of the primary that is connected to L1.
to L2 and to L3 (formerly R, S, T).
If the primary is in star, we will have the star of voltages from the
neutral point, if it is in a triangle, we will have a representation of vectors
forming the triangle.
!!!WARNING!!!! Always draw the primary triangle in the same position now
What will be the reference for calculating the hourly index.
In the previous triangle, we put the primary letter that is connected to L1.
to L2 and L3 (formerly R, S, T).
As A is connected to L1, in the feed triangle A should be connected to
Similarly, it is observed that A' is connected to L2, so what will happen is
same in the feeding triangle. Following this procedure
we will mark the ends B and B', as well as C and C'.
We have left:
If it were in star, we would have to apply the voltages from N.
Let's continue with our example and you will understand it.
2) Below we represent the vectors of the tensions aa', bb' and cc'
from secondary school, which as we said must have the same address and
In the sense that the segments AA', BB' and CC'.
NOTE, in this example in star.
According to the connection scheme, a', b', and c' are joined forming the point
neutral.
Well, you know, to put them at the same point.
We know where point A' is in the primary and where point a' is in the
secondary.
Knowing where point A of primary is, we deduce where point will be.
in high school.
Remember that they have to be parallel vectors AA' and aa' (same direction and
sense).
In addition, the point is connected to the 1.
With all this data, it is not difficult to find the vector aa´.
We repeat the process for the other two columns and we get the following:
Do you notice the difference (angle) that
Is there a difference between the primary and secondary diagram?
If we take the 12 on the clock as a reference, the second hand would be at 11, it is
To say, the hourly index would be 11 with a phase shift of 330º.
Logically, in this case, being in neutral, the phase voltage in the
The secondary output will be a'a, a vector opposite in direction to AA', since aa'
it will be in the same direction as AA'.
If we were to actually create the phase stress diagram of the primary and do it
we compare it with that of secondary school, that would be the hourly index: "The mismatch
between the phase tensions or simples of the primary and secondary of
a transformer.
WARNING! Not all connections are the same, for example Yy, have the
same index, it depends on the way of connecting the terminals to make the connection.
Lastly, we leave you an image with most of the possible ones.
connections of a three-phase transformer and its respective indices
schedules.
