Calculation Memory - Foundations
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ScribdTranslationsCALCULATION REPORT
WELCOME LETTERS TO LONGAVÍ COMMUNE
Fernando A. Araneda Rivera
Civil Engineer
1 SCOPE
The design to be projected aims at the geotechnical analysis of a structure, specifically
the steel letters welcoming you to the Longaví commune. For the development of the foundation calculation
the resolution of the least favorable letter located in the project is considered, in this case it is
the L. Which presents only one support and establishes a greater rotational distance. The project is
located in the province of Linares, Maule Region. Through this document, it is intended to
The objective is the regularization of construction and to provide structural protection to the community.
2 RULES TO CONSIDER
Chilean Standards used to provide a structure and a system that is not affected by
various entities and inherent loads of the materials used and various environmental forces of great
influence.
ACI 318-08, Building code requirements for reinforced concrete
Supreme Decree 61, Decree that modifies the NCh433 standard
NCh17.Of2016 Concrete, General requirements
NCh430.Of2008 Reinforced concrete, Design and calculation requirements
NCh1537.Of2009 - "Structural design of buildings - Permanent loads and Usage overloads"
NCh 3171 of 2010 - 'General provisions and Load combinations'
3 DESCRIPTION OF THE STRUCTURE
The structural system is a set of letters, welded and made of structural steel A42-
27ES, which are attached to a square profile that connects them to the foundation.
Each letter foundation presents different yet similar dimensions, averaging 60x60.
cm, with a depth of 70 cm, of which 10 cm correspond to leveling, 60 cm of
There is 10 cm of overexcavation on the N.N.T. The quality of the concrete in the foundations
It is G20. The projection of the structure in the seismic zoning, based on the standard
NCh2369.Of2003 is located in Zone 2.
Figure 1. Letters made of Steel A62-42ES.
CALCULATION MEMORANDUM, CIVIL ENGINEER FERNANDO
2 ARANEDA
4 MATERIALS
4.1 CONCRETE.-
The structural concrete of the slab and tie beams is of quality G20 with specified strength.
f’c=20 MPa, 95% confidence level (SIC), general HA. Specific weight 2400 kg/m3.
Foundations:
Stenciling 10 cm
Foundation 60 cm
Surcharge 10cm
4.2 STRUCTURAL STEEL.-
The quality of the structural steel is A42-27ES, with Yield Strength Fy=2700 kg/cm2and Effort of
Breaking=4200 kg/cm2The Modulus of Elasticity of steel is E=2.1*106kg/cm2and has a weight
specific of 7800 kg/m3.
5 DISCHARGE STATES
They are the various states considered in the structure under study, which allow us to derive their
main competent elements to ensure its stability, in the case of eventualities to the
what could be exposed, which will be briefly defined below:
Dead weight (PP): Materiality that makes up the structure and is present throughout
the useful life of this is the load due to the weight of the load-bearing element, be it concrete, steel, slabs,
etc.
Overload (SC): Weight of the objects that may be affected by use, even during execution.
to mention elements that can have a temporary and recurrent use. It strictly resides in the utility.
and the functionality that is intended to be assigned to the structure.
Seismic (E): Load of greater relevance due to the significant seismic consideration of the country and area under study.
caused by tectonic faults and ground movement due to waves.
6 DESIGN LOADS
6.1 SELF-EMPLOYED - PP.
Understand the weight of the entire reinforced concrete structure that makes up the slab.
Concrete quality G20 with specified strength f’c=20 MPa, 95% confidence level.
The quality of the reinforcing steel of the slab, tie beams, and stirrups is A42-27ES with S.C.I. ribs.
6.2 OVERLOAD-SC. –
Normal usage load, analyzed for an individual located on the edge of the structure
metallic
CALCULATION MEMO, CIVIL ENGINEER FERNANDO 3ARANEDA
Person: 100kg
6.3 SISMIC.
The seismic calculation of the structure is determined through the NCh2369.Of2003, for which
it will employ the static linear method of concentrated masses.
= ∗ ∗
Qo=Horizontal Base Shear Effort
C=Maximum Seismic Coefficient
I=Coefficient of Importance
P= Seismic Weight
Table 3. Seismic design data
Parameters Value
Seismic Zone 2
Classification Category Structure C2
Maximum effective acceleration (Ao) 0.30g
Damping ratio (ξ) 0.02
Response modification factor (R) 3
Importance Coefficient (I) 1.0
Seismic Coefficients:
Horizontal Seismic Action (CH)
For the case of horizontal action, this is obtained from the maximum values of the coefficient
regarding R and ξ, Table 5.7 NCh2369. The table number is multiplied by 0.75 for zones
seismic 2 and 1.
Maximum coefficient (CH=CMAX): 0.30
Vertical Seismic Action (CV)
For the cases contemplated in 5.1.1 c) and 5.1.1 d) NCh2369, the vertical seismic coefficient must be
2A0
= 3g
Vertical coefficient (CV): 0.2
Seismic Weight:
The horizontal seismic mass produces a reduction in the overload, for the case of the structure in
The study is considered a 0.5 SC. In contrast, in the vertical seismic mass in the cases indicated in 5.1.1.
enNCh2369, vertical load reductions are not considered.
= ∗ ∗
= ∗ ∗
CALCULATION MEMORY, CIVIL ENGINEER FERNANDO4ARANEDA
7COMBINATIONS OF DISCHARGE
7.2 FACTORS FOR COMBINATION OF INCREASED LOADS USING RESISTANCE DESIGN.
The structures, the component elements, and the foundations must be designed from
so that its allowable resistance is greater than or equal to the effect of the nominal loads
in the following combinations:
1,4D
2) 1,2D + 1,6L
3) 1,2D + L
4) 1,2D + 1,4E + L
Symbolism:
D: Self weight of the structure.
Live load or overload of the structure, in this particular case it is the pond contemplated
full of water.
Live load caused by earthquake evaluated according to the zone where the structure is located.
8 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
8.1 ALLOWABLE SOIL STRESSES.
To have a guideline of the allowable stresses of the different types of
lands, such as the general admissible seatings and the loads to be considered in the project of the
foundation. Given the complexity of the settlement problem, when due to the characteristics of the
estructura o la naturaleza del terreno sean de temer asientos superiores a los admisibles se
it will consider the most unfavorable case. In this case, a Soil Mechanics study is available.
corresponding to 'Improvement of Longaví's Plaza de Armas'. The allowable contact stresses
the foundations are presented below:
Permissible square capacity: Qadm= 1.24 kgf/cm2
Acceptable Seismic Capacity: Qadms= 2.21 kgf/cm2
Figure 2. Projection Unfavorable situation, AutoCAD 2020.
CALCULATION MEMO, CIVIL ENGINEER FERNANDO 5ARANEDA
8.2 ECCENTRICALLY LOADED FOUNDATIONS.
In several cases, the foundations are subject to a moment in addition to the vertical load, as is
shown in figure 3. In those situations, the distribution of pressure from the foundation on the
the soil is not uniform. It is worth mentioning that the analysis derives from the worst-case scenario, that is
calculation of L-shaped foundations:
Figure 3. Excentrically loaded foundations, Braja M. Das. Seventh Edition.
8.2.1 Minimum foundation dimension
700 2→
= = 26.5 cm
1 kA/cm2
a= í , posee 50
8.2.2 Eccentricity
117 kg * m
= = = 0167m
700
Q=
M= ó
CALCULATION MEMORANDUM, CIVIL ENGINEER FERNANDO
6 ARANEDA
Parae > B/6
Note that, in these equations when the eccentricity e takes the value B/6, qMINit's zero. For e>
B/6, qMINit will be negative, which means that tension will develop. Because the ground does not
it can withstand stresses, there will be a separation between the foundation and the ground beneath it.
the nature of the distribution of pressure on the ground will be as shown in figure 3 (a)
Then the value of qMAXes:
4Q 2
á = = 1.12 /
3 ( −2 )
qmá ≤ 1.25 quadrantsTherefore, the soil support capacity resists the load.
8.3 ROLLOVER CHECK.
The first check that must be carried out on footings subjected to moments or vertical forces
It is the tipping safety. The problem reduces to checking the so-called tipping moment.
affected indicates the required safety coefficient.
∑
. = (1)
∑
175 ∗
. =117 ∗
= 1.5
, .
8.4 SLIP CHECK.
In the case of footings subjected to horizontal actions and that are not properly braced,
The sliding safety must be checked. The friction force between the base of the shoe
and the land or its cohesion will be considered as the only stabilizing force. In this particular case
it is not necessary to determine this check.
8.5 SAFETY FACTOR FOR LOAD COMBINATION.
Table 1. FS for load combination.
TYPES OF LOAD Q Total Load Load Factor
LIVE LOAD (S.C) 100 kg 0.14 1.6
Dead Load (P.P) 600 kg 0.86 1,2
TOTAL LOAD 700kg
F.S load combination 1,3
Fernando Araneda Rivera
Civil Engineer SECPLAN
Illustrious Municipality of Longaví
CALCULATION MEMORANDUM, CIVIL ENGINEER FERNANDO
7 ARANEDA
