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Maharashtra: Govt announces insurance coverage for Govindas of Dahi Handi

▪ The Maharashtra government has announced insurance coverage for 1.5 lakh Govindas participating in the
upcoming Dahi Handi festival during Gokulashtami.
▪ To ensure their safety, the government will bear the insurance cost through The Oriental Insurance
Company at a rate of 75 rupees per participant.
▪ An amount of 1.12 crore rupees will be allocated from the Sports Development Fund for this purpose.
▪ The scheme will be implemented in coordination with the Maharashtra State Dahi Handi Govinda
Association and the Sports and Youth Services Department.

Maharashtra Cabinet Approves 105-Km Freight Corridor Linking Vadhavan Port to Samruddhi Expressway
▪ The Maharashtra cabinet has approved the construction of a 105-km express freight corridor connecting the
upcoming Vadhavan port in Palghar to the Samruddhi Expressway at Bharvir in Nashik district.
▪ The high speed corridor will reduce the travel time from five hours to just one and a half hours.
▪ The connector link is crucial to support the expected increase in cargo traffic from
Vadhavan Port, which is part of the Centre’s Sagarmala initiative and is expected
to become a major hub for international maritime trade.

ICRISAT’s AI-based Agromet Advisory Service

▪ Recently, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
(ICRISAT) and ICAR have launched an AI-based context-specific Agromet Advisory
Service to boost farming.
▪ to provide real-time, personalised climate advisory services to farmers - enabling
them to make informed decisions amid increasing climate variability.
▪ The project will first be implemented in Maharashtra
▪ Insights from this phase will inform a national rollout and serve as a model
for South-South expansion.

Tesla launches first charging facility at Bandra-Kurla Complex in Mumbai

▪ Global EV giant Tesla launched its first charging facility in the country - in
the Bandra-Kurla Complex
▪ it plans to set up three more such facilities, one each at Lower Parel, Thane
and Navi Mumbai by the September quarter.

India’s First Smart Intelligent Village

▪ The village of Satnavri in rural Nagpur is at the forefront of India’s rural
digital transformation. Selected under a state-backed pilot
project, it aims to become the nation’s first ‘Smart Intelligent
Village’.
▪ The initiative integrates advanced technology into daily rural
life, covering agriculture, education, healthcare, governance,
and finance.
▪ The initiative involves 15 private firms collaborating under the
‘Make in India’ campaign.
▪ Voice of Indian Communication Technology Enterprises (VOICE)
leads the technology deployment.
▪ The village uses drone-assisted farming, smart irrigation, and
soil sensors to improve productivity.
▪ Satnavri’s gram panchayat is equipped with WiFi and digital
governance tools
▪ Education is enhanced with AI-integrated digital books, remote
learning platforms, and smart Anganwadi centres.
▪ The initiative involves 15 private firms collaborating under the
‘Make in India’ campaign.

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Marbat festival of Nagpur

▪ Originating in the 19th century, the event was designed to ward
off evil spirits through effigies known as Marbats, representing
societal ills.
▪ The Marbat festival falls on ‘Tanha Pola’, the day after Pola
when people in rural Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh express
gratitude to their bulls for their contribution to their farming
activities.
▪ Shravana Amavasya → Pola (bull-worship festival).
▪ On this Bhadrapada Shukla Prathama, Nagpur celebrates the
Marbat Festival.
▪ the festival day when effigies of Kala (Black) and Pili (Yellow)
Marbat were paraded and burned in Tanha Pola processions
▪ A Marbat is a large, colourful female effigy that is traditionally
crafted for this unique festival.
▪ Giving company to the Marbats are smaller male effigies known
as Badgyas made by various communities across the city. These
small effigies also represent evils in society and carry placards of
social issues.

A flood-like situation prevails across the Krishna River basin

NEWS: All 30 gates of the Basava Sagara Reservoir have been opened
due to the incessant rainfall and heavy inflows from Maharashtra.
▪ The Basava Sagara Reservoir, also known as the Narayanpur
Dam, is a large reservoir and dam on the Krishna River in the
Yadgir district of Karnataka
▪ Krishna in south-central India is one of India’s longest rivers -
1,290 km.
▪ Course: The river rises in Maharashtra state in the Western
Ghats range near the town of Mahabaleshwar
▪ It passes through Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, and
Andhra Pradesh and meets the Bay of Bengal at Hamasaladeevi in Andhra Pradesh, on the east coast.
▪ The Krishna River Basin extends over an area of about 2,58,948 sq. km, which is nearly 8 percent of the
total geographical area of the country.
▪ It is bounded by the Balaghat range on the north, by the Eastern Ghats on the south and the east, and by
the Western Ghats on the west.
▪ The principal tributaries joining Krishna are the Ghataprabha, the Malaprabha, the Bhima, the
Tungabhadra, and the Musi

Maharashtra Launches ‘Disha Abhiyan’ for Uniform Education of Students with Intellectual Disabilities
▪ Maharashtra becomes the first state in India to implement such a state-wide, uniform curriculum for
students with intellectual disabilities
▪ Developed by the Jai Vakil Foundation and certified by the National Institute for the Empowerment of
Persons with Intellectual Disabilities (NIEPID),
▪ The program aims to improve teaching standards and learning outcomes for these students.
▪ It has been rolled out in 453 special schools across the state, focusing on academics, life skills, and
vocational training
Aspect Details

Initiative Disha Abhiyan – standardized curriculum for students with intellectual disabilities

Developed by Jai Vakil Foundation

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Certification NIEPID

Implementation 453 special schools across all districts of Maharashtra

Support Systems IEP checklists, multisensory pedagogy, digital portal, educator training

Impact ~18,000 students & ~2,600 educators

Alignment Developed India 2047 mission

Next Step Nationwide rollout through NIEPID–JVF MoU

Odisha
Didayi Tribe
NEWS: Champa Raspeda, a student from Odisha’s Malkangiri district, has
made history by becoming the first member of the Didayi, a Particularly
Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG), to clear NEET 2025.
▪ The Didayi tribe, also known as the Didai people or Didiya tribe, is
an indigenous tribal community residing in the Malkanagiri district of Odisha.
▪ They are one of 13 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTG) in Odisha.

PM Modi extends his wishes to the nation on the occasion of Nuakhai

▪ Observed on panchami tithi (the fifth day) of the lunar fortnight of
the month of Bhadrapada (August–September), the day after
the Ganesh Chaturthi festival.
▪ Nuakhai Juhar is an agricultural festival, also called Nuakhai
Parab or Nuakahi Bhetghat.
▪ It is celebrated to welcome the new crop of the season.
▪ Nuakhai is a combination of two words that signifies
eating of new rice as ‘nua’ means new and ‘khai’ means eat.
▪ This is the festival of Western Odisha, southern Chhattisgarh and adjoining areas of Simdega (Jharkhand).
▪ Its coastal counterpart is Nabanna, observed in Coastal Odisha.
▪ Festive Activities: Farmers offer the first produce from their lands to Goddess Samaleswari, the famous
‘Mother Goddess’ of Sambalpur district of Odisha.

Goa
Dhirio-Bull Fighting
▪ Goa state Assembly legislators across party lines demand the
legalisation of bull fighting which is locally called Dhirio in Goa.
▪ Bull fighting, locally referred to as dhirio or dhiri, is an integral
part of Goa’s cultural fabric.
▪ It is organised after the harvest season.
▪ In India, bull fights like Jallikattu were banned for animal cruelty
by the Supreme Court in 2014, but later the court upheld the 2017 Tamil Nadu Amendment to the
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, which permitted the tradition.
▪ Other forms of bull fighting, such as in Goa, were also banned by the Bombay High Court in 1997 and
upheld by the Supreme Court, making them illegal.

Telangana
Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh Inaugurates India’s First-of-its-Kind State-of-the-Art Animal Stem Cell BioBank
and Laboratory at NIAB, Hyderabad
▪ India’s first-of-its-kind State-of-the-Art Animal Stem Cell Biobank and Animal Stem Cell Laboratory was
inaugurated at the National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB) in Hyderabad

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▪ The facility aims to advance regenerative medicine, disease modelling, and reproductive biotechnology for
livestock.
▪ Supported by the National Biopharma Mission of DBT–BIRAC, it will also enable the preservation and study
of animal stem cells and their derivatives.

Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Project in Telangana

▪ The Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Project (KLIP) in Telangana has
recently come under intense scrutiny.
▪ National Dam Safety Authority (NDSA) reported significant
structural damage and design flaws in the project.
▪ The project, once hailed as a lifeline for Telangana, now faces
questions regarding its foundation, planning, and governance.
▪ Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Project is a large-scale multi-stage
irrigation project on the Godavari River in Kaleshwaram,
Bhupalpally district, Telangana.
▪ It utilises over 1,800 km of canal network to irrigate 16 lakh acres across 13 districts.
▪ Initially estimated at ₹71,000 crore, costs have escalated beyond ₹1 lakh crore.
▪ CAG termed it economically unviable (benefit–cost ratio less than 1).
▪ Very high annual power & operational costs (~₹10,000 crore).

Telangana Legislative Assembly passes bill ensuring 42% reservation for Backward Classes in local body polls
▪ The Telangana Legislative Assembly unanimously passed the Panchayat Raj (Amendment) Bill, 2025 and
Telangana Municipalities (Amendment) Bill 2025.
▪ The two bills propose to lift the 50 per cent ceiling on total reservations and enabling 42% reservation for
Backward Classes (BCs) in panchayats, municipalities, and urban local bodies.
▪ In Telangana’s local body polls: SCs already have ~17% reservation, STs have ~10%.
▪ The 50% cap (from Supreme Court rulings like Indra Sawhney, 1992) applies to the total reservations (SC +
ST + BC + others) in any election, education, or employment.

Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh to become single-use plastic-free by June 2026
▪ In a landmark move toward environmental conservation, the Andhra
Pradesh government has committed itself to making the State single-use
plastic-free by June 5, 2026.
▪ The initiative, spearheaded by Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu, begins
with the Andhra Pradesh Secretariat, which will officially go plastic-free
from August 15, 2025.

A.P. police to launch ‘Operation Trace’ to identify missing and kidnapped girls
from August 1-31
▪ The Women and Child Safety Wing will conduct the operation in association
with the IGPs, DIGs and Superintendents of Police (SPs) and
other officers across the State

AP Govt Announces ₹1 Crore Cover for Municipal Staff

▪ Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu announced ₹1 crore
insurance coverage for regular workers of municipalities and
₹20 lakh for the outsourced workers in the event of death in
accidents.
▪ In cases of permanent disability, the same amount will be ensured. He also announced education support up
to ₹8 lakh for their children.

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Andhra Pradesh Government will soon set up the country’ largest Central Library
in Amaravati.
▪ Amaravati would soon house the country’s largest and most modern Central
Library, spread across 2 lakh sq. ft., and designed as a “world-class hub of
knowledge.”

Andhra Pradesh to host 41st IATO Convention in 2026

▪ 41st Indian Association of Tour Operators (IATO) Convention will be
hosted by Andhra Pradesh in Visakhapatnam in 2026.
▪ the 40th IATO annual convention held at Puri in Odisha from August 22 to
24
▪ IATO works to promote tourism and advocate for the interests of India's
tour operators

A.P. DSP Harshitha Manikanta scales Mount Elbrus

▪ Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP) Harshitha Manikanta,
attached to the Railways wing of the Andhra Pradesh Police,
has scaled Mount Elbrus, the tallest peak of Europe.
▪ The 5,642-metre-high mountain is in the Caucasus range along
the Russia–Georgia border.
▪ The ‘Seven Summits‘challenge consists of climbing to the
highest point on each of the seven continents, including:
1. Kilimanjaro: Africa (5,892 m)
2. Elbrus: Europe (5,642 m)
3. Aconcagua: South America (6,962 m)
4. Denali: North America (6,194 m)
5. Kosciuszko: Australia (2,228 m) or Puncak Jaya: Oceania (4,884 m)
6. Mount Vinson: Antarctica (4,892 m)
7. Mount Everest: Asia (8,848 m).

Healthcare initiative Bharat BRAIN to be launched at Amaravati soon

▪ The Andhra Pradesh government officially launched the Bharat Biodesign Research and Innovation (BRAIN)
programme at the Ratan Tata Innovation Hub in Amaravati
▪ This initiative aims to:
▪ Position Andhra Pradesh as a global hub for health-tech and digital health innovation.
▪ Create a start-up ecosystem and drive entrepreneurial capacity-building in healthcare.
▪ Enable solutions that are exportable to emerging markets, aligning global expertise with local
implementation.

Tamil Nadu
T.N. CM Stalin inaugurates medical camps under ‘Nalam
Kaakkum Stalin’ scheme
▪ Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M.K. Stalin inaugurated
medical camps across all 38 districts in the State
organised under the ‘Nalam Kaakkum Stalin’ scheme,
aimed at taking healthcare to people’s doorsteps.
▪ The camps will prioritise people from economically
weaker sections, those with diabetes and blood pressure,
heart patients, lactating mothers, and pregnant women, among others.

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Tamil Nadu International Kite Festival 2025 to be held from August 14-17

Kodali Karuppur Silk Sari facing crisis

▪ Kodali Karuppur silk sari, a luxury hand-woven garment
once patronised by the Maratha kings of Thanjavur, is
facing a crisis as its traditional handloom weavers
dwindle in number.
About Kodali Karuppur Silk Sari
▪ It derived its name from Karuppur, a village near
Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu.
▪ These evolved under the patronage of the Maratha ruler
Serfoji Raja Bhonsle Chhatrapati II in 1787-1832 and
were made exclusively for the Ranis of Thanjavur up to the 19th century.

Toda Tribe – Preserving India’s Endangered Languages

▪ Toda tribe of the Nilgiri Hills, Tamil Nadu
is spearheading efforts to preserve their endangered
language through SPPEL
▪ SPPEL - the Scheme for Protection and Preservation of
Endangered Languages
▪ It focuses on recording, transcribing, and archiving
Toda language materials, creating educational
primers, and uploading them to online repositories for
global access and long-term preservation.
▪ Collaborating with the Central Institute of Indian
Languages (CIIL)
▪ Under SPPEL Scheme, the Central Institute of Indian
Languages (CIIL), Mysuru works on protection,
preservation and documentation of all the mother tongues/languages of India spoken by less than 10,000
people which are called endangered language
▪ Nodal Ministry - Ministry of Education
▪ Executed by Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL), Mysuru

Kerala
Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis
▪ Recently, Kerala’s health department has
sounded an alert in Kozhikode district
after three back to back cases of the rare
primary amoebic meningoencephalitis
(PAM) were reported in the region
▪ It is an infection of the brain and the
membranes covering the brain.
▪ Cause: It is caused by Naegleria fowleri,
known as the “brain eating amoeba”.

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▪ Naegleria fowleri is a free-living amoeba found in warm, fresh water and soil, and infects people when it
enters the body through the nose.
▪ This is a very rare, but serious disease with a mortality rate of more than 95%.It affects mainly young, active
people.
▪ It is classified into two main types: Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis
(PAM) and Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (GAE).
Transmission: The amoeba that causes the infection occurs in shallow surface waters
and incorrectly maintained swimming pools, hot tubs, and spas, particularly in
warm climates.
▪ Infection occurs when infected water enters the nose. This can happen when
diving, jumping, or swimming in freshwater.
Symptoms: sore throat, headache and pain in the forehead, hallucinations, nausea
and vomiting, high fever etc.
▪ Treatment: Swift diagnosis and treatment with specific antibiotics may be
useful, but recovery is rare.

Kerala Declared India’s First Fully Digitally Literate State

▪ Kerala Chief Minister declared Kerala as the first fully digitally literate State in India, marking the
completion of Phase I of the Digi Kerala project.
▪ The initiative sought to bridge the digital divide by training individuals in basic digital skills across all local
bodies.
▪ Mass Coverage: Surveys covered 1.5 crore individuals
from 83.46 lakh families.
▪ Targeted Intervention: Identified 21.88 lakh digitally
illiterate persons, of which 21.87 lakh
(99.98%) successfully completed training and
evaluation.
▪ Inclusive Approach: Even senior citizens
participated—showcasing accessibility and
inclusiveness.
▪ Grassroots Orientation: Training delivered through
local bodies, reflecting Kerala’s strong
decentralisation and participatory governance
tradition.

Onam 2025
▪ Onam is a 10-day-long harvest festival celebrated by the
Malayali community in Kerala and worldwide.
▪ This year, Onam festivities will begin on August 26, 2025, and
will conclude with Thiruvonam falling on September 5, 2025.
▪ Onam is observed in the Chingam month on the Malayalam
solar calendar (between August and September in the
Gregorian calendar).
▪ The first day of Chingam is celebrated as the Malayalam New
Year and also marks the beginning of the Onam festival.
▪ Atham Day is the first day of the Onam festival
▪ The festival commemorates the appearance of the Vamana avatar of Vishnu and subsequently the
homecoming of King Mahabali.

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Kani Tribe
NEWS: Recently, Kuttimathan Kani belongs to the Kani tribal community who
revealed Arogyapacha has died.
▪ The Kani tribals or Kanikarars are a traditionally nomadic
community, who now lead a settled life in the forests of the
Agasthyamalai hills of the Western Ghats in the
Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala.
▪ The Kani tribe’s traditional occupations include the production of
handicrafts, seasonal collection of minor forest products such as honey and beeswax, and cultivation of
edible plants such as tapioca, banana, millets and cash crops.
▪ They speak Tamil and Malayalam as their language. They have vast knowledge about medicinal plants.
▪ Arogyapacha (Trichopus zeylanicus), the ‘miracle plant’ of tribal healers known for its anti-fatigue and
therapeutic properties, was once a secret well-preserved by the Kani community.

Muthuvan Tribe
▪ A rare convention of the Muthuvan community has taken on a novel
mission to protect their language and culture,
▪ organised a three-day special conference as part of the International
Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples.
▪ The Muthuvans, or Mudugars, live on the border hill forests of
Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
▪ They have expertise in traditional medicines - confidentially
preserved and passed on to the generations.
▪ These tribal people follow a unique system of governance called the ‘Kani System’ - each village is headed
by a ‘Kani’, who is responsible for the administration of the village.
▪ Religion and Beliefs: They are animists and spirit worshippers and also worship the forest gods.
▪ Occupation: Virippukrishi (a form of shifting cultivation) is their traditional means of livelihood, and they
cultivate a wide variety of food grains that are used only for consumption.

Matsya Shakti Project

▪ Launched in August 2025 by Union Minister of State for Fisheries,
Animal Husbandry & Dairying (George Kurian) in Thiruvananthapuram,
Kerala
▪ Aimed at empowering minority fishing communities through skill
development and sustainable livelihood training under the Pradhan
Mantri Virasat Ka Samvardhan (PM VIKAS) scheme.
▪ Managed by ICAR–Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) via its Vizhinjam Regional Centre,
in collaboration with the Ministry of Minority Affairs (MoMA)
▪ A one-year, multi-phased program targeting 690 beneficiaries from minority communities.
▪ Participants receive stipends during training and post-training support to start their own enterprises or act
as consultants
▪ Pradhan Mantri Virasat Ka Samvardhan (PM VIKAS) scheme launched under the Ministry of Minority Affairs
is a central sector scheme.
▪ It provides skill development, leadership training and entrepreneurship to minorities and artisan
communities all over India.
▪ The PM VIKAS Scheme also consolidates five already existing schemes:
▪ Seekho aur Kamao, USTTAD (Upgrading the Skills and Training in Traditional Arts/Crafts for
Development), Hamari Dharohar, Nai Roshni Nai Manzil

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Defence
12th edition of Exercise SLINEX
▪ 12th edition of Sri Lanka and India Naval Exercise (SLINEX-25).
▪ 14 to 18 August 2025 in Colombo, Sri Lanka
▪ Harbour Phase: 14–16 August at Colombo Port
▪ Sea Phase: 17–18 August off the coast of Colombo
About Exercise SLINEX
▪ It is a bilateral naval exercise between India and Sri Lanka, which
was conceptualised in 2005.
▪ The previous edition of SLINEX was conducted at Visakhapatnam,
India in 2024.
Participating Units:
▪ Indian Navy: INS Rana (guided missile destroyer), INS Jyoti
(fleet tanker)
▪ Sri Lanka Navy: SLNS Gajabahu, SLNS Vijayabahu (Advanced
Offshore Patrol Vessels), SLNS Sayura; supported by Sri Lanka
Air Force BEL 412 helicopters and Special Forces from both
sides

India, Philippines stage joint sail and naval drill in the disputed South
China Sea
▪ The two-day joint naval sail and exercises began on August
3, 2025
▪ President Ferdinand Romualdez Marcos Jr of the
Philippines arrived in New Delhi on August 4 in his first trip
to India since assuming office in 2022
▪ The diplomatic relations between India and the Philippines
were established in November 1949.
▪ President Marcos Jr’s state visit coincides with the 75th
anniversary of bilateral diplomatic relations

The South China Sea

▪ It is situated just south of the Chinese mainland and is
bordered by the countries of Brunei, China, Indonesia,
Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan and Vietnam.
▪ It is an arm of the western Pacific Ocean that borders the
Southeast Asian mainland.
▪ It is connected by the Taiwan Strait with the East China Sea
and by the Luzon Strait with the Philippine Sea (both
marginal seas of the Pacific Ocean).

Operation Akhal
▪ Operation Akhal, a joint anti-terror operation inAkhal Khulsan
forest area in Kulgam district of Jammu and Kashmir, entered
its third day, with at least one terrorist killed amid continued
firefight by Indian security forces.
▪ Launched by: Jointly conducted by the Indian Army’s Chinar
Corps, Jammu & Kashmir Police, and the Special Operations
Group (SOG).
▪ Aim: To neutralize 3–5 terrorists based on intelligence inputs, tighten internal security, and dismantle
local terror modules.

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Operation Alert Launched Along Rajasthan Border Ahead of

Independence Day
▪ The Border Security Force (BSF) has launched a week-long
security operation called 'Operation Alert' along the Indo-
Pak border in Rajasthan.
▪ The operation will run between 11th August 2025 to
17th August 2025 and is aimed at strengthening security and
preventing any infiltration attempts ahead of India's
Independence Day.

Third ship of Nilgiri delivered to Indian Navy in Kolkata

▪ Himgiri (Yard 3022), the third ship of Nilgiri Class (Project 17A) and
the first of the class built at Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers
(GRSE), was delivered to the Indian Navy on 31 Jul 2025 at GRSE,
Kolkata.
▪ P17A ships are fitted with an advanced weapon and sensor suite
compared to the P17 (Shivalik) class.
▪ These ships are configured with Combined Diesel or Gas (CODOG)
propulsion plants.

RS-28 Sarmat
▪ As tensions escalate between the United States and Russia,
the spotlight is back on one of the deadliest weapons in
Russia’s nuclear arsenal, the RS-28 Sarmat intercontinental
ballistic missile (ICBM), dubbed ‘Satan 2’ by NATO.
▪ The RS-28 Sarmat is Russia’s new generation intercontinental
ballistic missile.
▪ It is a three-stage, liquid-fueled missile with a range of 18,000
km and a launch weight of more than 208 tonnes.
▪ It is the world’s heaviest ICBM.
▪ The missile is 35.3 meters long and 3 meters in diameter.
▪ Maximum speed of 25,500 kph (about Mach 20).
▪ It can carry a 10-ton payload and can load a wide variety of warhead options.
▪ It can carry up to 16 independently targetable nuclear warheads as well as Avangard hypersonic glide
vehicles.

Oreshnik Missile
▪ Russia has begun production of its latest hypersonic missile,
the Oreshnik, and reaffirmed plans to deploy it in Belarus
before the end of 2025.
▪ It is a Russian intermediate-range hypersonic ballistic missile.
▪ This high-velocity missile, named after the Russian word for
“hazel tree,” was first launched operationally on November 21,
2024, in a precision strike targeting the Pivdenmash defence-
industrial facility in Dnipro, Ukraine
▪ It is a mobile, solid-fueled missile – can reach speeds of Mach 10—ten times the speed of sound.
▪ It has a reported range of approximately 5,000 kilometers (3,100 miles).
▪ The system is reportedly capable of carrying multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicles (MIRVs),
allowing a single missile to strike several distinct targets simultaneously with either conventional or nuclear
warheads.
▪ Unlike conventional missiles, the Oreshnik’s maneuverable reentry vehicle (MaRV) allows it to shift
direction mid-flight, making it nearly impossible for U.S. or NATO missile defense systems to intercept.

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▪ Belarus is located at the doorstep of the European Union and shares borders with Poland, Latvia, and
Lithuania, all NATO member states.
▪ Key specifications of Russia’s Oreshnik hypersonic missile
Feature Details
Type Hypersonic Intermediate-Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM)
Speed Up to Mach 10 (~12,000 km/h)
Range 3,400–5,500 km
Warhead Conventional or nuclear (with MIRV capability)
Launch Platform Road-mobile or silo-based
First Use Tested in Ukraine (November 2024, non-nuclear warhead)
Deployment Scheduled in Belarus by end of 2025

Golden Dome Missile Defense System

▪ U.S. President has unveiled the Golden Dome Missile
Defense System design and appointed a leader for the
$175 billion project, aiming to shield the U.S. from
foreign missile threats.
▪ A next-generation U.S. missile defense program using
space-based and land-based intercept layers to
neutralise missile threats.

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▪ It's designed to safeguard the United States against advanced threats like ballistic, hypersonic, and cruise
missiles—potentially even from space

Key Features:
▪ Aim: To create a multi-layered defense shield to knock out intercontinental ballistic missiles during the
“boost phase” just after lift-off. It would consisting of:
▪ A satellite-based layer for early detection and potential interception in space.
▪ Three ground-based layers, incorporating systems like THAAD, Patriot, and Next Generation Interceptors—
all integrated under a unified command-and-control system
▪ Collaboration with private sector firms like SpaceX, Palantir, Anduril, L3Harris, Lockheed Martin, RTX.
▪ Targeted to be operational within three years (by around 2028), with an initial large-scale test planned for
the fourth quarter of 2028
▪ Leadership: General Michael A. Guetlein of the U.S. Space Force was appointed to lead the effort

Attribute Details
Purpose Multi-layer missile shield (space + ground) against emerging threats
Announced by President Trump, May 2025
Estimated Cost ~$175 billion (initial); could reach $500–600+ billion over decades
Timeline Operational by ~2028; major test scheduled late 2028
Lead Official Gen. Michael A. Guetlein (USSF)
Layers Satellite detection/interceptor, plus 3 ground-based layers
Tech & Contractors Lockheed, Northrop, Leonardo DRS; SpaceX, Palantir, Anduril among private bidders
Strategic Aim Defend entire U.S. homeland (including Hawaii & Alaska) from global missile threats

Army Chief Gen Upendra Dwivedi Inaugurates ‘Agnishodh’ Research Cell at IIT
Madras
▪ The Indian Army has joined hands with the Indian Institute of Technology
(IIT) Madras to establish ‘Agnishodh’, the Indian Army Research Cell (IARC)
on the IIT Madras campus.
▪ The research facility was formally inaugurated by General Upendra
Dwivedi, Chief of the Army Staff (COAS), during his two-day visit to Chennai.

CENJOWS to Inaugurate First Annual Trident Lecture Series in New Delhi

▪ The Centre for Joint Warfare Studies (CENJOWS) will inaugurate the first
Annual Trident Lecture Series (ATLS) at the Manekshaw Centre, Delhi Cantt
on August 05, 2025.
▪ Anchored on the theme ‘Dominating the Future Battlespace’,

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14th Joint Bilateral Military Exercise MAITREE

▪ 14th edition of MAITREE - Joint Bilateral Military
Exercise between India and Thailand
▪ will be conducted from 01–14 September 2025 at the Foreign
Training Node, Umroi, Meghalaya
▪ The 13th edition of India- Thailand joint military
Exercise MAITREE conducted from 1st to 15th July 2024 at Fort
Vachiraprakan in Tak Province of Thailand.

Joint Military Exercises of India with Other Countries (static)

Name of Exercise Country
Garuda Shakti Indonesia
Ekuverin Maldives
Hand-in-Hand China
Kurukshetra Singapore
Mitra Shakti Sri Lanka
Nomadic Elephant Mongolia
Shakti France
Surya Kiran Nepal
Yudh Abhyas USA

Exercise Ulchi Freedom Shield

▪ South Korea and the United States began their annual large-scale joint
military exercise
▪ From August 18th – 28th
▪ The 11-day Ulchi Freedom Shield, the second of two large-scale exercises
held annually in South Korea, after another set in March
▪ will involve 21,000 soldiers, including 18,000 South Koreans, in computer-
simulated command post operations and field training.

Iran Conducts “Sustainable Power 1404” Missile Drills in Gulf of Oman

▪ Iran launched a two-day missile drill in the northern Indian Ocean and
Sea of Oman.
▪ The exercise is for improved combat readiness, an improved command
system, and reinforcement of deterrence
▪ Iran maintains two separate naval forces: the conventional Islamic
Republic of Iran Navy (IRIN), which is a part of the traditional army,
and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy (IRGCN).
▪ The IRIN patrols the Gulf of
Oman, the Indian Ocean,
and the Caspian Sea, while
the IRGCN controls the
Persian Gulf and the Strait
of Hormuz.

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MoD to Host First Tri-Services Seminar “Ran Samwad” at Army War

College, Mhow on Technology and Future Warfare
▪ The Ministry of Defence is organising a first-of-its-kind Tri-
Services Seminar, “Ran Samwad-Conversations on War,
Warfare, and Warfighting,” at the Army War College in
Mhow (Dr. Ambedkar Nagar).
▪ Scheduled from the 26th to the 27th of this month
▪ the seminar will focus on the Impact of Technology on
Warfare with two sub-themes: Emerging Technologies and
Impact on Future Warfare and Reforms in Institutionalised
Training to Catalyse Technological Enablement.

India successfully test-fires Agni V

▪ India successfully test-fired Agni-5 from the Integrated Test
Range at Chandipur, Odisha
▪ Agni V is an intermediate-range, nuclear-capable, surface to
surface Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) with Multiple
Independently Targetable Reentry Vehicle (MIRV) capability.
▪ It is developed by the Defence Research and Development
Organisation (DRDO).

Features of Agni-5 Missile

▪ Range: It is one of India’s most advanced long-range missiles, capable of striking targets well beyond 5,000
kilometers
▪ It is designed with modern navigation, guidance, warhead, and engine technologies and strengthens India’s
strategic deterrence capability.
▪ Warhead Capacity: It is capable of carrying and firing up to three nuclear warheads simultaneously.

What is a Ballistic Missile?

▪ It is a rocket-propelled, self-guided strategic-weapons system that follows a ballistic trajectory to deliver a
payload from its launch site to a predetermined target.
▪ They can be launched from aircraft, ships, and submarines, in addition to land-based silos and mobile
platforms

Four general classifications of ballistic missiles:

▪ Short-range: less than 1,000 kilometers, also known as “tactical” ballistic missiles.
▪ Medium-range: between 1,000 and 3,000 kilometers, also known as “theater” ballistic missiles.
▪ Intermediate-range: between 3,000 and 5,500 kilometers
▪ Long-range: more than 5,500 kilometers, also known as intercontinental or strategic ballistic missiles.

Agni Missile Series

Missile Type Range Propulsion Warhead Stage
Capacity
Agni-I SRBM – Short Range Ballistic 700 – 1,200 km Solid fuel 1,000 kg Single-stage
Missile / MRBM – Medium solid
Range Ballistic Missile
Agni-II MRBM – Medium Range 2,000 – 3,500 km Solid fuel 1,000 kg 2-stage solid
Ballistic Missile
Agni-III IRBM – Intermediate Range 3,000 – 3,500 km Solid fuel 1,500 – 2,500 kg 2-stage solid
Ballistic Missile
Agni-IV IRBM – Intermediate Range 3,500 – 4,000 km Solid fuel 1,000 – 1,200 kg 2-stage solid
Ballistic Missile

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Agni-V ICBM – Intercontinental 5,000 – 5,500+ km Solid fuel 1,500 kg 3-stage solid
Ballistic Missile

India successfully conducts maiden flight tests of IADWS to establish multi-layered air-
defence capability
▪ DRDO successfully conducted the maiden flight test of the Integrated Air
Defence Weapon System (IADWS) off the coast of Odisha.
▪ The IADWS is a multi-layered air defence system, entirely developed
indigenously, and comprises Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missiles (QRSAMs),
Advanced Very Short Range Air Defence System (VSHORADS) missiles, and a
high-power laser-based Directed Energy Weapon (DEW).

CISF launches its first 𝐚𝐥𝐥-𝐰𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐨 𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭 to boost gender parity.
▪ Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)
▪ The training of the first batch of 30 women began on August 11 at the Regional
Training Centre in Barwaha, Madhya Pradesh, and will conclude on October 4.
▪ This all-women commando team is being envisioned as a Quick Reaction Team
(QRT) and Special Task Force (STF) component for deployment at high-security
establishments.

Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)

▪ It is a central armed police force in India under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
CISF's primary mission is to provide security policing services to large
institutions, whether state-owned or privately owned
▪ Motto: “Protection and Security”
▪ The CISF came into existence in 1969 through the CISF Act 1968 with a sanctioned strength of only three
battalions.
▪ The original charter of CISF was to provide integrated security cover to certain sensitive public sector
undertakings.
▪ The Act was amended in 1983 declaring the CISF as an Armed Force of the Union

Indian Navy commissioned the advanced stealth frigates Udaygiri and Himgiri at
Visakhapatnam
▪ Two multi-mission stealth frigates of Project 17A – INS Udaygiri and INS Himgiri -
were commissioned into the Indian Navy in the presence of Raksha Mantri Shri
Rajnath Singh at the Naval Base, Visakhapatnam on August 26, 2025
▪ These are the 100th and 101st warships designed in-house by the Warship
Design Bureau of the Indian Navy, and built in India
▪ Both frigates will join the Eastern Fleet under the Eastern Naval Command

INS Udaygiri:
▪ Built by Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL), Mumbai.
▪ A modern, stealth-capable multi-mission warship designed for anti-surface, anti-air, and anti-submarine
warfare.
Features:
▪ Displacement ~6,670 tonnes, length 149 m, speed 28 knots.
▪ Weapons: Long-Range Surface-to-Air Missiles (LRSAM), 8 BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles, Barak-8,
lightweight torpedoes, rocket launchers, 127 mm main gun, AK-630 rapid fire guns.
▪ Equipped with modern radars, sonar (Humsa-NG), and Shakti Electronic Warfare suite.
▪ Propulsion: Combined Diesel or Gas (CODOG).

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INS Himgiri:
▪ Built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE), Kolkata.
▪ Stealth guided-missile frigate with advanced weaponry and sensors.
Features:
▪ Similar displacement and size to INS Udaygiri (~6,670 tonnes, 149 m).
▪ Equipped with LRSAM, BrahMos missiles, Barak-8 system, torpedoes, rocket
launchers, 127 mm gun, AK-630 guns.
▪ Integrated stealth design with reduced radar cross-section.
▪ Propulsion: CODOG, endurance 5,500 NM at economical speed.

Navy to Host ‘Emerging Leaders Panel Discussion’ Under Indian Ocean Naval Symposium
▪ The Navy will conduct the ‘Emerging Leaders Panel Discussion’ under the aegis of
‘Indian Ocean Naval Symposium’ (IONS) on 27 and 28 August at the Southern
Naval Command in Kochi, Kerala.
▪ The two-day event will feature discussions on maritime security and regional
cooperation in the Indian Ocean Region.

Super Garuda Shield 2025

▪ Indonesia, along with the United States and allied
nations, has launched the annual military exercise “Super
Garuda Shield 2025”, aimed at enhancing regional security
amid rising Indo-Pacific tensions.
▪ The joint exercise will take place across Jakarta, Baturaja in
South Sumatra, and Dabo Singkep in Lampung
from August 25 to September 4, 2025
▪ A large-scale multinational military exercise conducted annually since 2009.
Members/Participants (2025):
▪ Jointly hosted by the Indonesian National Armed Forces and the U.S. Indo-Pacific Command.
▪ Expanded to include: Australia, Japan, Singapore, UK, France, Canada, Germany, Netherlands, New
Zealand, Brazil, and South Korea.
▪ Includes joint combat training, interoperability drills, and a combined live-fire exercise.
▪ Strengthens coordination in air, land, and maritime operations.

Armed Forces Personnel Gear Up to Participate in ‘Exercise Bright Star 2025’

▪ Exercise Bright Star is a biennial, large-scale military exercise conducted jointly by Egypt and the U.S.
Central Command (CENTCOM).
▪ Dates & Location: The 19th edition of Bright Star is scheduled to occur from August 28 to September 10,
2025
▪ At the Mohamed Naguib Military Base in western Egypt
▪ Participants:
▪ A total of 43 nations are involved.
▪ 13 countries will actively contribute military forces (over 7,900 troops).
▪ 30 nations will participate as observers
▪ Over 700 personnel from India’s Armed Forces and Headquarters Integrated Defence Staff will
participate
▪ It originated in 1980, following the Camp David Accords, as a bilateral U.S.–Egypt drill.
▪ The exercise is held biennially

Indian Air Force (IAF) retired the iconic MiG-21 fighter jet
▪ The Indian Air Force (IAF) retired the iconic MiG-21 fighter jet from operational service on 26 September
2025, after more than six decades of service.

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▪ The MiG-21 is a supersonic jet fighter aircraft that became the

backbone of the Indian Air Force for over 60 years.
▪ Known for its speed, agility, and delta-wing design, it is also the world’s
most produced supersonic jet fighter.
▪ Designed & developed by the Mikoyan-Gurevich Design Bureau (Soviet
Union).
▪ First prototype flew in 1955, formally inducted into the IAF in 1963.

History in India:
▪ First squadron: No. 28 Squadron, Chandigarh, earned the title “The First
Supersonics”.
Played decisive roles in major wars:
▪ 1965 war – frontline interceptor.
▪ 1971 war – executed Dhaka strikes, turning point in victory.
▪ Kargil War (1999) – limited ground attack/air defence.
▪ 2019 Balakot aftermath – MiG-21 Bison shot down a Pakistani F-16 (Gp. Capt. Abhinandan
Varthaman).
▪ Nearly 900 MiG-21s served in India, with around 660 built in India under license.

Key Features:
▪ Maximum speed: over Mach 2 (2,175 km/h).
▪ Operated as interceptor, ground attack, reconnaissance, and training aircraft.
▪ Despite being called the “Flying Coffin” due to crash record, it remained a symbol of courage, Indo-Russian
defence ties, and India’s aerospace self-reliance.

Exercise Achook Prahar 2025

▪ conducted from August 25 to 28
▪ Troops of the Indian Army’s Spear Corps and the Indo-
Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) undertook four days of
firepower drills under simulated battlefield conditions in
central Arunachal Pradesh.
▪ Mortars, machine guns, rockets, and grenades were
employed to validate synergised response, accuracy, and
battlefield effectiveness
▪ The exercise served as a joint validation of operational
preparedness under simulated battlefield conditions.

Indian Army has conducted Exercise Yudh Kaushal 3.0 in Eastern Himalayas
▪ Indian Army has conducted Exercise Yudh Kaushal 3.0 in the high-altitude Kameng region of Arunachal
Pradesh, showcasing its preparedness for next-generation warfare in extreme Himalayan conditions.
▪ Observed by the General Officer Commanding of Gajraj Corps
▪ The exercise featured large-scale manoeuvres with drone surveillance, precision strikes, real-time target
acquisition, air–littoral operations and synchronized battlefield tactics.

Indian Warship Kadmatt to participate in ID Golden Jubilee celebrations of Papua New Guinea
▪ INS Kadmatt arrived at Port Moresby to participate in Papua New Guinea's 50th Independence Day
celebrations to be held on September 16, 2025
▪ It is an indigenous stealth anti-submarine warfare corvette.
▪ It is the second of four anti-submarine warfare corvettes built for the Indian Navy by the Garden Reach
Shipbuilders and Engineers of Kolkata under Project 28.
▪ It was commissioned into the Indian Navy in January 2016.
▪ Named after the Kadmat Island of India’s Lakshadweep Islands.

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▪ Role: The primary role of the INS Kadmatt is in anti-submarine warfare—to protect ships in convoys and
ports from enemy submarine attacks.
The Four Ships under Project 28:
1. INS Kamorta – commissioned 2014 (Visakhapatnam).
2. INS Kadmatt – commissioned 2016 (Visakhapatnam).
3. INS Kiltan – commissioned 2017 (Visakhapatnam).
4. INS Kavaratti – commissioned 2020 (Visakhapatnam).

IDF launches surprise "Dawn" exercise amid ongoing operations

on multiple fronts
▪ The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) launched a surprise drill
called “Dawn” in mid-August 2025 to test the readiness
of its general headquarters and key command centers.
▪ The drill was conducted amid ongoing operations in Gaza
and tensions in southern Lebanon and other fronts.
▪ Led by Chief of Staff Maj. Gen. Eyal Zamir, the exercise is
designed to assess how quickly and effectively the IDF
can respond to large-scale attacks.

Nimbrix Missile
▪ Swedish defense company Saab recently announced the
development of a new missile named Nimbrix
▪ It is a counter-unmanned aircraft system (C-UAS) missile - small
unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
▪ It is its first dedicated C-UAS missile.
▪ Nimbrix is intended for ground-based use, operating either
independently or as part of wider air defence systems.
▪ range of up to 5 km and use an active seeker to track targets.

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Science & Tech

LEAP-1 Mission
▪ Indian space tech firm Dhruva Space (founded in 2012) is set to
launch its first commercial satellite mission, LEAP-1,
aboard SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket.
▪ LEAP-1 (Launch, Experiment, Analyze, Progress) is Dhruva Space’s
debut commercial satellite mission, carrying international
payloads for AI and Earth observation.
▪ Developed by: Hyderabad-based Dhruva Space Pvt Ltd, in
collaboration with Akula Tech (Australia) and Esper Satellites
(Australia).

Objectives:
▪ Demonstrate real-time geospatial AI processing in space.
▪ Enable low-cost, hosted payload missions for defense, agriculture, and disaster monitoring.
▪ Showcase Dhruva’s P-30 satellite platform for commercial deployment.
▪ Two Payloads (Australia):
▪ Nexus-01 (Akula Tech): An in-orbit AI/ML module with self-retraining capabilities.
▪ OTR-2 (Esper Satellites): A hyperspectral imaging sensor for high-resolution Earth
observation.

Human Outer Planet Exploration (HOPE)

▪ Bengaluru-based space tech company Protoplanet,
along with the Indian Space Research Organisation
(ISRO), has developed the analogue station, called
the Human Outer Planet Exploration (HOPE) station in
Ladakh’s Tso Kar region
▪ HOPE is an analogue site, at Tso Kar, located at an
altitude of over 14,500 feet
▪ The site, was chosen because of its terrain and
environment, which closely mimics conditions on the
Moon and Mars
▪ Selected crew will take turns to inhabit the station and
will undergo extensive physiological and psychological
studies to assess human adaptability and resilience in conditions
simulating deep space environments

Russia Plans Venera-D Venus Mission Launch by 2036

▪ In 1975 and 1982, four of the Soviet Union’s Venera probes
captured the only images of Venus’ surface.
▪ The Veneras, which means ‘Venus’ in Russian, scanned the
surface back and forth to create panoramic images of their
surroundings.
▪ Russia is set to launch the Venera-D mission to revisit Venus
before 2036.
▪ The mission will include a lander, a balloon probe, and an orbital
spacecraft, with the launch expected between 2034 and 2036.
▪ The design phase, in collaboration with the Lavochkin
Association, will take two years to complete.

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Darwin Tree of Life (DToL) Project

▪ The first phase of the Darwin Tree of Life (DToL) project is almost
complete.
▪ It aims to sequence the genomes of 70,000 species of eukaryotic
organisms in Britain and Ireland.
▪ It is one of several initiatives across the globe working towards the
ultimate goal of sequencing all complex life on Earth, in a venture
known as the Earth BioGenome Project.
▪ It will carefully collect representatives of each species, and use
advanced DNA sequencing technologies to generate high quality
genome sequences.
▪ It also uses cutting edge computational tools to understand how the
DNA sequence translates into the diversity of life.

NIT-C becomes India’s first I-STEM catalyst centre

▪ The National Institute of Technology, Calicut (NIT-C), has become
the country’s first I-STEM Catalyst Centre.
▪ The newly established Catalyst Center at NIT Calicut is envisioned as
a regional innovation hub
▪ It aims to provide equitable access to advanced scientific equipment
and resources, encouraging collaboration among academia,
industry, startups, and research institutions.

IIT Madras develops agriculture waste-based packaging materials to eliminate

plastic use
▪ Over 350 million tons of agricultural waste are generated annually, much of
which is burned or left to decay, causing air pollution and wasting valuable
resources
▪ The researchers cultivated fungi (mushroom) on agriculture and paper
waste to derive the material.
▪ The researchers have established NatureWrks Technologies, a start-up
incubated by IIT-M, to develop and commercialise the product.

Elon Musk’s Starlink gets licence to launch satellite internet in India

▪ India has officially granted a licence to Elon Musk’s Starlink to offer
satellite-based internet services, setting the stage for the company’s
entry into one of the world’s fastest-growing digital markets.
▪ The announcement comes as India celebrates the 30th anniversary of
its first-ever cellular phone call, made on 31 July 1995.
▪ Starlink is the third company after Eutelsat OneWeb and Jio Satellite
Communications to get a licence from the Department of
Telecommunications to provide satellite internet services in the country
▪ A fourth applicant, Amazon's Kuiper is still waiting for approvals.

NASA’s Surya AI
▪ NASA has introduced “Surya,” a groundbreaking artificial
intelligence model aimed at revolutionizing the way we
understand and predict space weather.
▪ Developed in collaboration with IBM and trained on over nine
years of continuous data from NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory
(SDO) - a spacecraft launched in 2010 to study the Sun

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▪ The SDO takes images of the Sun in multiple wavelengths every 12

seconds, providing unmatched detail.
▪ Surya analyzes vast streams of solar activity to detect early signs of
solar flares and eruptions.

Recently, a strong earthquake of magnitude 7.5 hit Drake Passage and a

tsunami alert was issued briefly
▪ It is located between South America’s Cape Horn and the South
Shetland Islands of Antarctica.
▪ The passage is named after Sir Francis Drake, who was the first
Englishman to circumnavigate the globe.
▪ It is a deep and wide waterway that connects the southwestern
Atlantic and southeastern Pacific Oceans.
▪ It is considered one of the roughest waterways in the world because here, layers of cold seawater from the
south and warm seawater from the north collide to form powerful eddies, which when combined with
strong winds and storms can be treacherous for those attempting to navigate it.
▪ The Drake Passage played an important part in the trade of the 19th and early 20th centuries before the
opening of the Panama Canal.

Subhanshu Shukla Inaugurates Aryabhatta Gallery on National Space Day

▪ The Nehru Planetarium in Delhi marked the second National Space
Day with the inauguration of its newly renovated Aryabhata
Gallery
▪ Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, who created history in July as
the second Indian in space and the first to dock at the International
Space Station.
▪ On display are rare artefacts such as the descent capsule of Rakesh Sharma,
India’s first cosmonaut, the space suit made for backup astronaut Ravish
Malhotra, and exhibits that trace the evolution of astronomy from ancient
observatories to the Indian Space Research Organisation’s milestones.

ISRO has unveiled a model of the first module of the

"Bharatiya Antariksh Station" (BAS)
▪ ISRO unveiled a model of the Bharatiya Antariksh
Station (BAS) module during the two-day
National Space Day celebrations
▪ India plans to launch the first module of the BAS,
its own home-built space station, by 2028.
▪ Full Station Completion: Expected to be operational by 2035, with all five
modules in place - in a low earth orbit at 450 km above the earth
▪ Presently, there are two orbital laboratories — the International Space Station
operated by five space agencies, and the Tiangong space station of China.

ISRO successfully accomplishes the first Integrated Air Drop Test for parachute-based
deceleration system for Gaganyaan missions
▪ The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully conducted its
first Integrated Air Drop Test (IADT-01) for the parachute-based deceleration
system of the Gaganyaan mission.
▪ the demonstration was carried out in coordination with the Indian Air Force,
Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Indian Navy, and
Indian Coast Guard.

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