MIX DESIGN - ACI 216

I. CALCULATION OF THE AVERAGE RESISTANCE

CASE 1: Statistical data on production on site is available, as well as results of the

breakage of test specimens (Dan standard deviation)

TABLE 5.2 (Page 41 / RNE E.060)

AVERAGE COMPRESSION RESISTANCE REQUIRED WHEN THERE ARE DATA
AVAILABLE TO ESTABLISH A SAMPLE STANDARD DEVIATION
Specified resistance to the Average resistance required to the
compression, Kg/cm2 compression, Kg/cm2
Use the highest value obtained from equations (5-1) and (5-2):
f’c 350 f'c = f'c + 1.34σs (5-1)
f'r = f'c + 2.33σs-35 (5-2)
Use the highest value obtained from equations (5-1) and (5-3):
f’c 350 f’cr = f’c + 1.34σs (5-1)
f’cr = 0.90f’c + 2.33σs (5-3)
Where:
f'cSpecified compressive strength (Kg/cm2)
f´crRequired compression resistance (Kg/cm2)
σs : Standard deviation of the work (Kg/cm)2)

CASE 2: We do not have enough statistical data (between 15 and 30 results)

TABLE 5.1 (Page 41 RNE E.060)

MODIFICATION FACTOR FOR THE SAMPLE STANDARD DEVIATION WHEN AVAILABLE
LESS THAN 30 ESSAYS
Modification factor for
Number of trials (*) the standard deviation of the
show (+)
Less than 15 (employ Table 5.3)
15 1.16
20 1.08
25 1.03
30 or more 1.00

It is allowed to interpolate for a number of intermediate trials.

Modified sample standard deviation,σsto be used in determining the average required resistance
f’cr of table 5.2.
f’cr = f’c + 1.34 ασs
f’cr = f’c + 2.33 ασs -35
Where:
σs : Standard deviation of the work (Kg/cm)2)
α: Required compression resistance (Kg/cm2)

CASE 3: We have scarce (less than 15 trials) or no statistical data.

TABLE 5.3 (Page 42 RNE E.060)
AVERAGE COMPRESSION RESISTANCE REQUIRED WHEN THERE ARE NO DATA
AVAILABLE TO ESTABLISH A SAMPLE STANDARD DEVIATION
Specified resistance to the Average resistance required
compression, Kg/cm2 to compression, Kg/cm2
f’c 210 f’cr = f’c + 70
210 f’c 350 f’cr = f’c + 85
f’c 350 f’cr = 1.1f’c + 50
 II. DETERMINATION OF THE MAXIMUM NOMINAL SIZE OF AG (TMN)
According to Data

III. SETTLEMENT SELECTION (Recommended Slump by structure)

Type of Construction Máxima Mínima

Footings and reinforced foundation walls 3” 1"
Simple foundations, footings, and substructure of walls 3" 1"
Beams and reinforced walls 4 inches 1”
Building columns 4 inches 1
Tiles and pavements 3” 1"
Cyclopean concrete 2" 1"

IV. DETERMINATION OF THE DESIGN UNIT VOLUME OF WATER AND TRAPPED AIR OR
INCORPORATED BY FREEZING AND THAWING THEMES

TABLE N°5 (DETERMINATION OF WATER CONTENT)

Approximate Requirements for Mixing Water and Air Content for Different Values of
Settlement and Nominal Maximum Sizes of Aggregates.* (Table 6.3.3 ACI 211 – 91 - Page 14)
Water in lt/m3 of concrete for the nominal maximum sizes of coarse aggregates
SLUMP indicated consistency
1" = 25 mm 3/8" 1 / 2" 3 / 4" 1 1 1/2" 2" 3" 6 inches
(9.5 mm.) (12.5 mm.) (19 mm) (25 mm) (37.5 mm) 50 mm (75 mm) (150 mm)
CONCRETE WITHOUT AIR ENTRAINMENT
1" to 2" (25 to 50 mm) 207 199 190 179 166 154 130 113
3" to 4" (75 to 100 mm) 228 216 205 193 181 169 145 124
6" to 7" (150 to 175 mm) 243 228 216 202 190 178 160 ---
Percentage (%) of Trapped Air
% trapped air 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.2
CONCRETE WITH INCORPORATED AIR
1" to 2" (25 to 50 mm) 181 175 168 160 150 142 122 107
3" to 4" (75 to 100 mm) 202 193 184 175 165 157 133 119
6" to 7" (150 to 175 mm) 216 205 197 184 174 166 154 ---
Percentage (%) of Air incorporated according to the degree of exposure (Freezing)**
Slight Exposure 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0
Moderated Exhibition 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0
Severe Exposure 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0

These mixing water quantities will be used in the calculation of the cement factor in test mixes. They are maximum values for
angular and well-formed coarse aggregate, whose granulation is within the accepted specifications (ASTM C33 or ITINTEC)
400.037). The settlement values in concretes that contain aggregates with a maximum size greater than 1 ½" are based on
settlement tests done after removing particles larger than 1½" by wet screening.
See ASTM C 33 for tolerances in larger aggregates for various maximum nominal sizes.
The air contents (for 50 mm and above) are applied to the total mix, just like for the preceding aggregate sizes. Without
However, when testing these concretes, the coarse aggregate larger than 37.5 mm is removed by hand or by screening and is determined
the air content in the fraction of the mixture of less than 37.5 mm (the tolerance in the incorporated air content applies to this
The air content of the total mixture is calculated from the value determined in the fraction of less than 37.5 mm.
The work specifications must specify an air content in the concrete delivered to the site between the range of -1 and
+2 percentage points from the value noted in the table for moderate and severe exposures. Adapted from ACI 211.1 and ACI
318. Hover (1995) presents this information in the form of a graph. (DESIGN AND CONTROL OF CONCRETE MIXES Kostmatka, Page 154)
V. SELECTION OF THE WATER / CEMENT RATIO BY STRENGTH AND DURABILITY
A.- FOR RESISTANCE
TABLE N°6: Selection of the water/cement ratio by strength (f'c)
f'cr AT 28 DAYS C° S/ AIR C° C/AIR
(kg/cm2)* INCORPORATED INCORPORATED
140 0.82 0.74
150 0.80 0.71
200 0.70 0.61
210 0.68 0.59
250 0.62 0.53
280 0.57 0.48
300 0.55 0.46
350 0.48 0.40
400 0.43 0.34
420 0.41 0.33
450 0.38 0.31

The values correspond to average estimated resistances for concretes that do not contain more than the percentage of air shown in table No. 5.
For a constant water-cement ratio, the strength of concrete decreases as the air content increases.

B.- FOR DURABILITY

TABLE N°4.2: Requirements for special exposure conditions (RNE E.060 - page 37)
 Maximum relationship minimum f'c (Kg/cm)2) for
Condition of the exhibition A/mc (in weight) for normal weight concrete
Normal weight C° * or with lightweight aggregates*
Concrete that is intended to have low permeability when exposed to
water.
0.50 280
Exposed concrete to freezing and thawing cycles in condition 0.45 310
moist or de-icing chemical products.
To protect the steel reinforcement from corrosion when the concrete
it is exposed to chlorides from de-icing products, 0.40 350
salt, brackish water, seawater or splashes of the same origin.

TABLA N° 4.4 Requisitos Para Concreto Expuesto A Soluciones De Sulfatos (Pag 38 RNE E.060)
SO4water soluble minimum f’c
present in the soil, % Maximum relationship A/mc (Kg/cm2) for
Exposure to SO4dissolved in Type of
in weight (in weight) for concrete concretes of
sulfates water, ppm Cement
of normal weight* normal weight and
light
Insignificant 0,0 ≤ SO4 < 0.1 0 ≤ SO4 < 150 — — —
II, IP(MS), IS(MS),
Moderate 0.1 ≤ SO4 < 0.2 150 ≤ SO4 < 1500 P(MS), I(PM)(MS), I(SM) 0.50 280
(MS)
Severe 0.2 ≤ SO4 < 2.0 1500 ≤ SO4 < 10000 V 0.45 310

Very severe 2.0 < SO4 10000 < SO4 Type V plus pozzolan*** 0.45 310

When using Tables 4.2 and 4.4 simultaneously, the lowest applicable maximum water-cementitious material ratio and the highest minimum f’c should be used.

VI. DETERMINATION OF THE CEMENT FACTOR (bls/m3)

VII. DETERMINATION OF COARSE AGGREGATE CONTENT

TABLE N° 7 Weight of Coarse Aggregate per Unit Volume of Concrete
Volume of coarse aggregate, dry and compacted, per unit
Maximum size
of volume of C°, for various fineness modules (b/bo)
nominal of A.G.
2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0
3/8" (9.5 mm.) 0.50 0.48 0.46 0.44
1/2" (12.5 mm.) 0.59 0.57 0.55 0.53
3/4" (19 mm.) 0.66 0.64 0.62 0.60
1" (25 mm.) 0.71 0.69 0.67 0.65
1 1/2" (37.5 mm.) 0.75 0.73 0.71 0.69
2" (50.0 mm.) 0.78 0.76 0.74 0.72
3" (75.0 mm.) 0.82 0.80 0.78 0.76
6” (150 mm.) 0.87 0.85 0.83 0.81

b/boResulting from the division of the dry weight of the required coarse aggregate by the dry and compacted unit weight of the concrete cubic unit.
agregado grueso (Kg/m3)

Weight of coarse aggregate = (b/bo) x Dry Compact Weight

DETERMINATION OF THE SUM OF THE ABSOLUTE VOLUMES OF CEMENT, WATER

DESIGN, AIR AND COARSE AGGREGATE.
Volumen Absoluto = ∑ (Materiales / [P.e.x1000])

DETERMINATION OF THE ABSOLUTE VOLUME OF FINE AGGREGATE

Absolute Volume AF = 1.00 - Absolute Volume

DETERMINATION OF DRY WEIGHT OF FINE AGGREGATE

Peso Seco AF = Vol. Abs AF x P.e. x 1000

DETERMINATION OF THE DESIGN VALUES OF CEMENT, DESIGN WATER, AIR,

COARSE AND FINE AGGREGATE (Kg/m3)

CORRECTION OF DESIGN VALUES DUE TO AGGREGATE HUMIDITY

Wet Weights
Wet Weight AF = Dry AF Weight x (1.00 + AF Moisture Content) (Kg/m3)
Wet Weight AG = Dry AG Weight x (1.00 + AG Moisture Content) (Kg/m3)
Surface Humidity
Humidity Sup. A. Fine %Moisture Content - %Absorption (%)
Sup. A. Grueso Humidity = %Moisture Content - %Absorption (%)
Moisture Contribution of the Aggregates
Moisture Contribution A.F. Weight A.F. Dry x Humidity Sup. A. Fine (Lts/m3)
Moisture Contribution A.G. = Dry A.G. Weight x Upper Moisture A. Coarse (Lts/m3)
Effective Water: = Design Water +/- (∑ Moisture Contribution AG + AF)
 Material weights already corrected for Humidity (Kg/m3)

14.- DETERMINATION OF THE WEIGHT RATIO, DESIGN, AND WORK

Dry Conditions:

Cement Content (Kg/m)3Amount of A.F. Seco (Kg/m)3Quantity of A.G. Seco (Kg/m)3Cant H2O Design (Lts/m3x 42.50 Kg/bags
Cement Quantity (Kg/m3) Cement Content (Kg/m)3) Cement Quantity (Kg/m)3) Cement Quantity (Kg/m)3)

Design A/C relationship:

Design Water Container / Can't Aditivo1
Cement Song
Wet Conditions:
Cement content (Kg/m)3) : Cant. of A.F. Humid (Kg/m)3) : Cant. of A.G. Humid (Kg/m)3) : Can't H2O Effect. (Lts/m3) x 42.50 Kg/bls
Cement quantity (Kg/m)3) Cement quantity (Kg/m)3) Cement content (Kg/m3) Cement quantity (Kg/m)3)

Design A/C relationship:

Effective Water Quantity
Cement Cant.

15.- DETERMINATION OF THE WEIGHTS PER BATCH OF A BAG.

Cement: 1 x 42.50 (Kg/bls.)

Effective Water: Effective Water (lts/bls.)

Wet Fine Aggregate: (Wet Condition Coefficient) x 42.50 (Kg/bls.)

Wet Coarse Aggregate: (Wet Condition Coefficient) x 42.50 (Kg/bls.)