15 Ideal gases
OCR Physics A Answers to practice questions
Question Answer Marks
1 (a) This is the temperature at which the internal energy of a substance is a 1
minimum.
Any one from 1
The temperature is –273 C.
This is the lowest possible temperature of a substance.
1 (b) The internal energy of an ideal gas is its total kinetic energy. 1
KE absolute temperature 1
100 273
% increase in energy = × 100 % 1
50 273
= 115 %
1 (c) (i) At absolute zero the pressure P must be zero. 1
Straight line extrapolated to give a temperature of –200 C (allow 10 C) 1
1 (c) (ii) The answer is not accurate because the value of –200 C is far away from 1
the accepted value of –273 C. There is a systematic error.
2 (a) (i) A collision with no change / loss of kinetic energy. 1
2 (a) (ii) Any three from: 3
Volume of particles negligible compared to volume of vessel
OR molecules much smaller than distance between them.
No intermolecular forces acting (other than during collisions)
OR molecules only have kinetic energy (and no PE).
Particles travel in straight lines/at uniform velocity between collisions
OR force of gravity on molecules is negligible.
Time of collisions is much smaller than the time between collisions
AND gas consists of a large number of molecules moving randomly.
2 (b) (i) ∆p = mv – mu 1
–26
= 4.8 × 10 × [500 – (– 500)]
–23 –1
= 4.8 × 10 kg m s 1
2 (b) (ii) 0 .4
time between collisions = s
500
500
number of collisions per second = = 1250 1
0 .4
2 (b) (iii) p
mean force = OR force = rate of change of momentum 1
t
OR impulse = change in momentum
1250 4.8 10–23
force =
1 1
–20
= 6.0 × 10 N
2 (b) (iv) Same value as in (b) (iii) 1
due to Newton’s third law OR this force acts in opposite direction.
23 24
2 (c) (i) 3 × 6 × 10 = 1.8 × 10 1
2 (c) (ii) Very large number of particles that are moving randomly means that at 1
any instant the number of collisions on each face will be the same.
2 (c) (iii) Mean KE/speed of molecules increases. 1
Increased rate of collisions with wall OR harder collisions with wall. 1
3 (a) (i) n = number of moles in sample
N = number of atoms/molecules in sample 1
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15 Ideal gases
OCR Physics A Answers to practice questions
Question Answer Marks
3 (a) (ii) n or N AND T is constant and R and k are constants. 1
constant 1
For a fixed mass of gas, pV = 1
p V
3 (b) (i) –1 1
1
Calculate p × at two points on the graph.
V
1 1
Values are the same / pV = constant / p / nRT = constant
V
3 (b) (ii) 0.05
Number of moles in 0.050 kg = 1
0.016
= 3.125
pV 7500
T= =
nR 3.125 8.31 1
= 289 K
T = 16 °C 1
4 (a) Internal energy is the sum is the sum of random distribution of kinetic and 1
potential energies of the atoms or molecules. 1
4 (b) Q = mc =1.2 × 900 × (1100 – 15) 1
6
energy released = 1.17 × 10 J 1
4 (c) (i) 0.030 –26
m= = 4.98 × 10 kg 1
6.02 1023
1 3 3kT 1
m c 2 = kT; rms speed =
2 2 m
1
3 1.38 10–23 (1100 273)
rms speed =
4.98 1026
–1
3
rms speed = 1.07 × 10 m s 1
4 (c) (ii) pV
initial number of moles = 1
RT
1.0 105 1.8
=
8.31 1373
= 15.7761
pV 1
final number of moles =
RT
1.0 105 1.8
=
8.31 288
= 75.2105
change in mass = (75.2105 – 15.7761) × 0.030 1
change = 1.78 kg 1
5 (a) (i) pV = constant if Boyle’s is obeyed. 1
5 –3 1
Any two points used to show that pV = constant, e.g. 4.0 × 10 × 2.0 × 10
–3
= 800 and 2.0 × 10 × 4.0 × 10
5
= 800.
© Oxford University Press 2015 This resource sheet may have been changed from the original.
www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements
15 Ideal gases
OCR Physics A Answers to practice questions
Question Answer Marks
5 (a) (ii) Work done is defined as the product force and distance (moved in the 1
direction of the force).
A force has to be applied on the piston against the pressure exerted by the
1
gas and the cylinder travels through a distance, hence work is done on the
gas.
5 (b) (i) 4.0 10–3 –27
m= = 6.645 × 10 kg 1
6.02 1023
1 3 3 1.38 10–23 (273 27)
m c 2 = kT; rms speed = 1
2 2 6.645 10– 27
3 –1
rms speed = 1.37 × 10 m s 1
5 (b) (ii) 1.5 10 0.13
5
24
pV = NkT; N= = 4.71 × 10 1
1.38 10– 23 (273 27)
internal energy = number of atoms × kinetic energy of each atom
24 3 -23
internal energy = 4.71 × 10 ×[ × 1.38 × 10 × 300] 1
2
4
internal energy = 2.9 × 10 J 1
5 (b) (iii) 2.1 105 0.50 24 25
1
pV = NkT; N= + 4.71 × 10 = 3.00 × 10 1
1.38 10– 23 (273 27)
3.00 1025 1.38 10–23 300
p= 1
0.50 0.13
5
p = 1.97 × 10 Pa 1
© Oxford University Press 2015 This resource sheet may have been changed from the original.
www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements
