SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION (Physics)

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION (S.H.M.) EQUATION OF SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

In linear S.H.M.
PERIODIC MOTION
Restoring force acting on the particle,
• Any motion which repeats itself after regular interval kx
of time is called periodic motion or harmonic motion. ma = −kx ⇒ a = −
m
• The constant interval of time after which the motion dv kx dv kx dx
is repeated is called time period. ⇒ = ⇒v =− [∵ v = dx/dt]
dt m dt m dt
Examples: (i) Motion of planets around the sun. kx v 2
kx 2
(ii) Motion of the pendulum of wall clock. ∫ vdv = − ∫ dx ⇒ =− +C
m 2 2m
OSCILLATORY MOTION v2 ω2 x 2 v2
• The motion of body is said to be oscillatory or At x = 0, v = v0 ∴ C = 0
⇒− + 0
=
2 2 2
vibratory motion if it moves back and forth (to and
[∵ ω2 = k/m] ⇒ v = √v02 − ω2 x 2
fro) about a fixed point after regular interval of time.
• The fixed point about which the body oscillates is dx
called mean position or equilibrium position. ⇒ = √v02 − ω2 x 2
dt
Examples: (i) Vibration of the wire of 'Sitar'. dx 1 ωx
(ii) Oscillation of the mass suspended from ⇒ ∫ = ∫ dt ⇒ sin−1 ( )
2
√v0 − ω x 2 2 ω v0
spring.
= t + C1 [∵ v0 = ωA] ⇒ x = Asin (ωt + ωC1 )
Note: Every oscillatory motion is periodic but every
∵ At t = 0, x = 0 and if velocity is in +x direction
periodic motion is not oscillatory.
x = Asin ωt
SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION (S.H.M.)
if velocity is in -x direction, x = −A sin ωt
Simple harmonic motion is the simplest form of
In Angular SHM
vibratory or oscillatory motion.
Restoring torque acting on the τ = −Cθ particle
(i) S.H.M. are of two types
where C is a constant which can be defined as torque
• Linear S.H.M. : When a particle moves to and fro about per unit angular displacement.
a fixed point (called equilibrium position) along a
Mathematically, Iα = −Cθ. Where I is the moment of
straight line then its motion is called linear simple
inertia of the system about the axis of rotation.
harmonic motion. d2 θ d2 θ C
⇒I + Cθ = 0 ⇒ + ( ) θ = 0.
dt2 dt2 I
d2 θ C
Since, + ω2 θ = 0 ⇒ ω = √( )
dt2 I
Example: If equation of displacement of a particle is
Example : Motion of a mass connected to spring. y = Asin Qt + Bcos Qt then find the
• Angular S.H.M. When a system oscillates angularly nature of the motion of particle.
with respect to a fixed axis then its motion is called Solution: y = Asin Qt + Bcos Qt
angular simple harmonic motion. Differentiate with respect to t
dy
= AQcos Qt − BQsin Qt
dt
Again differentiating with respect to t
d2 y
= −Q2 Asin Qt − Q2 Bcos Qt
dt2
d2 y d2 y
= −Q2 (Asin Qt + Bcos Qt) ⇒ =
Example : Motion of a bob of simple pendulum. dt2 dt2
d2 y
(ii) Necessary Condition to execute S.H.M. 2
−Q y ⇒ 2 + Q y = 0 2
dt
• In linear S.H.M. : The restoring force (or acceleration) It is a differential equation of linear S.H.M.
acting on the particle should always be proportional So motion of the particle is simple
to the displacement of the particle and directed harmonic
towards the equilibrium position SOME BASIC TERMS
∴ F ∝ −x or a ∝ −x Mean Position :
Negative sign shows that direction of force and • The point at which the restoring force on the particle
acceleration is towards equilibrium position and x is is zero and potential energy is minimum, is known as
displacement of particle from equilibrium position. its mean position.
• In angular S.H.M. : The restoring torque (or angular • Restoring Force
acceleration) acting on the particle should always be • The force acting on the particle which tends to bring
proportional to the angular displacement of the the particle towards its mean position, is known as
particle and directed towards the equilibrium restoring force.
position
∴ τ ∝ −θ or α ∝ −θ

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• Restoring force always acts in a direction opposite to Angular frequency (𝛚) :

that of displacement. Displacement is measured from The rate of change of phase angle of a particle with
the mean position. respect to time is define as its angular frequency.
Amplitude : SI unit : radian/second,
• The maximum (positive or negative) value of
k
displacement of particle from mean position is define Dimensions : M 0 L0 T −1 , ω = √
as amplitude. Since maximum and minimum value of m
sin or cos function is +1& − 1, therefore here Example: If two S.H.M.'s are represented by
amplitude is A. π
equations y1 = 10sin [3πt + ] and
4
• Time period (T)
y2 = 5[sin (3πt) + √3cos (3πt)] then find
• The minimum time after which the particle keeps on
the ratio of their amplitudes and phase
repeating its motion is known as time period.
difference in between them.
• The smallest time taken to complete one oscillation
Solution: As y2 = 5[sin(3πt) + √3 cos(3πt)]
or vibration is also define as time period.
2π 1 So if 5 = Acos ϕ and 5√3 = Asin ϕ
• It is given by T = = where ω is angular frequency
ω n
and n is frequency.] Then A = √52 + (5√3)2 = 10 and
Oscillation or Vibration : 5√3 π
• When a particle goes on one side from mean position tan ϕ = = √3 so ϕ =
5 3
and returns back and then it goes to other side and The above equation (i) becomes
again returns back to mean position, then this y2 = Acos ϕsin (3πt) + Asin ϕcos (3πt)
process is known as one oscillation. ⇒ y2 = Asin(3πt + ϕ) = 10 sin
π A 10
[3πt + ( )] so, 1 =
3 A2 10
⇒ A1 : A2 = 1: 1, Phase difference
π π π
= − =−
4 3 12
DISPLACEMENT IN S.H.M.
(i) The displacement of a particle executing linear S.H.M.
at any instant is defined as the distance of the particle
from the mean position at that instant.
Frequency (n or f) (ii) It can be given by relation x = Asin ωt or x =
• The number of oscillations per second is define as Acos ωt.
frequency. The first relation is valid when the time is measured
•
1
It is given by n = , n =
ω
from the mean position and the second relation is
T 2π
valid when the time is measured from the extreme
• SI UNIT : hertz (Hz),1 hertz = 1 cycle per second
position of the particle executing S.H.M. along a
(cycle is a number not a dimensional quantity).
straight line path.
• Dimensions : M 0 L0 T −1 .
Example: A particle starts from mean position and
• Phase :
moves towards positive extreme as shown
• Phase of a vibrating particle at any instant is the state below. Find the equation of the SHM.
of the vibrating particle regarding its displacement Amplitude of SHM is A.
and direction of vibration at that particular instant.
• In the equation x = Asin (ωt + θ), (ωt + θ) is the
phase of the particle.
• The phase angle at time t = 0 is known as initial Solution: General equation of SHM can be written as
phase or epoch. x = Asin (ωt + ϕ)
• The difference of total phase angles of two particles At t = 0, x = 0 ∴ 0 = Asinϕ ∴ ϕ =
executing S.H.M. with respect to the mean position is 0, π ϕ ∈ [0,2π]
known as phase difference. Also, at t = 0, v = +ve ∴ Aωcos ϕ =
• Two vibrating particles are said to be in same phase maximum +ve or ϕ = 0
if the phase difference between them is an even Hence, if the particle is at mean position at
multiple of π, i.e., Δϕ = 2nπ Where n = 0,1,2,3, …. t = 0 and is moving towards +ve extrme,
• Two vibrating particle are said to be in opposite then the euqation of SHM is given by x =
phase if the phase difference between them is an odd Asinωt
multiple of π i.e., Δϕ = (2n + 1)π Where n =
0,1,2,3, ….

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Similarly, for particle moving towards -ve ACCELERATION IN SHM

extreme then ϕ = π (i) It is define as the time rate of change of the velocity of
∴ equation of SHM is x = Asin (ωt + π) or, the particle at given instant.
x = −Asin ωt dv
(ii) Acceleration in S.H.M. is given by a = =
Example: Write the equation of SHM for the situation d
dt

show below : (Aωcos ωt)

dt
a = −ω2 Asin ωt ⇒ a = −ω2 x
(iii) The graph between acceleration and displacement as
shown in figure
Solution: General equation of SHM can be written as Note:
x = Asin (ωt + ϕ)
A A
At t = 0, x = ⇒ = Asin ϕ
2 2
⇒ ϕ = 30∘ , 150∘
Also at t = 0, v = −ve; Aω cos ϕ = −ve
⇒ ϕ = 150∘
VELOCITY IN SHM
(i) It is define as the time rate of change of the
displacement of the particle at the given instant. (i) The acceleration of a particle executing S.H.M. is
dx d
(ii) Velocity in S.H.M. is given by v = = (Asin ωt) always directed towards the mean position.
dt dt
⇒ v = Aωcos ωt (ii) The acceleration of the particle executing S.H.M. is
maximum at extreme position (= ω2 A) and
x2 minimum at mean position (= zero)
v = ±Aω√1 − sin2 ωt ⇒ v = ±Aω√1 −
A2 GEOMETRICAL MEANING OF S.H.M.
= ±ω√(A2 − x 2 )[∵ x = Asin ωt] If a particle is moving with uniform speed along the
circumference of a circle then the straight line motion
Squaring both the sides v 2 = ω2 ( A2 − x 2 )
v2 v2 x2
of the foot of perpendicular drawn from the particle
⇒ = A2 − x 2 ⇒ =1− on the diameter of the circle is called 'S.H.M.'
ω2 ω2 A 2 A2
S.H.M. AS A PROJECTION OF CIRCULAR MOTION
Suppose a particle P is moving uniformly on a circle
of radius A with angular speed. Q and R be the two
feet of the perpendicular drawn from P on two
diameters one along X -axis and the other along Y-
axis.
Suppose the particle P is on the X -axis at t = 0.
Radius OP makes an angle θ = ωt with the X axis at
time t then
x = Acos ωt, y = Asin ωt
Here, x and y are the displacement of Q and R from
the origin at time t, which are the displacement
equations of SHM. It implies that although P is under
uniform circular motion, Q and R are performing SHM
x2 v2 about O with the same angular speed ω as that of P .
⇒ + =1
A2 A2 ω2 From figure (b) centripetal acceleration of P = a c =
This is equation of ellipse. So curve between Aω2 (towards the centre) a c can have two
displacement and velocity of particle executing S.H.M. components as shown in the figure a R =
is ellipse. Aω2 sin ωt = ω2 x, a Q = Aω2 cos ωt = ω2 ya Q =
(iii) The graph between velocity and displacement is Aω2 cos ωt = ω2 y a R and a Q are actually the
shown in figure. If particle oscillates with unit acceleration corresponding to the points R and Q
angular frequency respectively.
(ω = 1) then curve between v and x will be circular. Comparison between linear and angular S.H.M.
Note : Linear S.H.M.
(i) The direction of velocity of a particle in S.H.M. is F ∝ −x ⇒ F = −kx
either towards or away from the mean position. where k is the restoring force constant
(ii) At mean position (x = 0), velocity is maximum (= k d2 x k
Aω) and at extreme position (x = ±A), the velocity of a=− x⇒ 2+ x=0
m dt m
particle executing S.H.M. is zero (minimum). It is known as differential equation of linear SHM
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x = Asin ωt; a = −ω2 x

m 1 k
where ω is the angular frequency T = 2π√ ,n = √
k 2π m
k k 2π
ω2 = ⇒ω=√ = = 2πn This concept is valid for all types of linear S.H.M. This
m m T concept is valid for all types of angular SHM.
where T is time period and n is frequency

GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
Graphical study of displacement, velocity, acceleration and force in S.H.M.

Example: An object performs S.H.M. of amplitude 5 x = Asinωt at t = 0.5 s, x = 5 sin

cm and time period 4 s. If timing is started (2π × 0.25 × 0.5) = 5sin =
π 5
cm
4
when the object is at the centre of the √2
(iii) Maximum acceleration a max = ω2
oscillation i.e., x = 0 then calculate.
A = (0.5π)2 × 5 = 12.3 cm/s 2
(i) Frequency of oscillation
(iv) Velocity at x = 3 cm is
(ii) The displacement at 0.5 s
(iii) The maximum acceleration of the v = ±ω√A2 − x 2 = ±0.5π√52 − 32
object. = ±6.28 cm/s
(iv) The velocity at a displacement of 3 cm. Example: Amplitude of a harmonic oscillator is A,
1 1 when velocity of particle is half of
Solution: (i) Frequency f = = = 0.25 Hz
T 4 maximum velocity, then determine
(ii) The displacement equation of object position of particle.

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Solution: v = ω√A2 − x 2
v Aω
but v = max =
2 2
= ω√A2 − x 2
⇒ A2 = 4[A2 − x 2 ]
4A2 −A2
⇒ x2 =
4
√3A
⇒x=±
2
Example: Which of the following functions represent
SHM :-
(i) sin2 ωt
(ii) sin 2ωt
(iii) sin ωt + 2cos ωt
(iv) sin ωt + cos 2ωt
Solution: A motion will be S.H.M. if acceleration
∝ −y
Y = sin2 ωt
dy
⇒ = 2(sin ωt)(ω cos ωt) Let the radius OQ 0 makes an angle ωt with the OQ t at
dt
d2 y
time t. Then
= ω sin 2ωt , = 2ω2 cos 2ωt (i) x(t) = Asin (ωt + ϕ)
dt2
d2 y
⇒ 2 ∝ y = 2ω 2 (1
− 2y) (i) In the above discussion the foot of projection is x -axis
dt so it is called horizontal phasor. Similarly the foot of
(Oscillatory but S.H.M. not possible) perpendiuclar on y-axis will also executes SHM of
(ii) As y = sin 2ωt amplitude A and angular frequency ω[y(t) = Acos
dy
⇒v=
dt ωt]. This is called vertical phasor. The phaser of the
= 2ω cos 2ωt two SHM differ by π/2.
d2 y
⇒ Acceleration = 2
dt Problem solving stretegy in horiozntal phasor.
= −4ω2 sin 2ωt = −4ω2 y 1. First assume circle of radius equal to amplitude of
so y = sin 2ωt represents S.H.M. SHM.
y = sin ωt + 2 cos ωt 2. Assume a particle rotating in a circular path moving
dy
⇒v=
dt
with cosntant ω same as that of SHM in clockwise
= ωcos ωt − 2ωsin ωt, direction.
dv 3. Angle made by the particle at t = 0 with the upper
Acceleration = = −ω2 sin
dt vertical is equal to phase constant.
ωt − 2ω2 cos ωt 4. Horizontal component of velocity of particle gives
= −ω2 (sin ωt + 2 cos ωt) you the velocity of particle performing SHM for
= −ω2 y example from figure v(t) = Aωcos (ωt + ϕ)
∴ The given function represents SHM
(iv) y = sin ωt + cos 2ωt
dy d2 y
⇒ = ω cos ωt − 2ω sin 2ωt , 2
dt dt
= −ω2 sin ωt − 4ω2 cos 2ωt = −ω2
(sin ωt + 4cos 2ωt)
d2 y
⊀ (−y) (Oscillatory but S.H.M. not
dt2
possible)
SHM AS A PROJECTION OF UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION
Consider a particle Q, moving on a circle of radius A
with constant angular velocity ω. The projection of Q
on a diameter BC is P. It is clear from the figure that
as Q moves around the circle the projection P
5. Component of acceleration of particle in horiozntal
executes a simple harmonic motion on the x -axis
direction is equals to the acceleration of particle
between B and C. The angle that the radius OQ makes
performing SHM. The acceleration of a particle in
with the + ve vertical in clockwise direction in at t =
uniform circular motion is only centripetal and has a
0 is equal to phase constant (ϕ).
magnitude a = ω2 A

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ENERGY OF PARTICLE IN S.H.M.

• Potential Energy (U or P.E.)
(i) In terms of displacement
The potential energy is related to force by the relation
dU
F = − ⇒ ∫ dU = −∫ Fdx
dx

from figure a(t) = ω2 Asin (ωt + ϕ)

Example: A particle starts from point x = A and
−√3 For S.H.M. F = −kx
2 1
move towards negative extreme as shown so ∫ dU = −∫ (−kx)dx = ∫ kxdx ⇒ U = kx 2 + C
2
1
following At x = 0, U = U0 ⇒ C = U0 So U = k 2 + U0
t=0 2
−A t√3 O Where the potenital energy at equilibrium position
A 1
2
= U0 when U0 = 0 then U = kx 2
(a) Find the equation of the SHM 2
(b) Find the time taken by the particle to (ii) In terms of time
go directly from its initial position to
negative extreme.
(c) Find the time taken by the particle to
reach at mean position.
Solution: (a) Figure shows the solution of the
problem with the help of phasor.
Horizontal component of velocity at Q
gives the required directionof velocity at
t = 0 so we will choose it.
1
Since x = Asin (ωt + ϕ), U = kA2 sin2 (ωt + ϕ)
2
1
If initial phase (ϕ) is zero then U = kA2 sin2 ωt =
2
1
mω2 A2 sin2 ωt
2
Note: (i) In S.H.M. the potential energy is a parabolic
function of displacement, the potential energy is
minimum at the mean position (x = 0) and maximum
at extreme position (x = ±A)
(ii) The potential energy is the periodic function of
T 3T
time. It is minimum at t = 0, , T, … and maximum
2 2
T 3T 5T
at t = , , …
4 4 4
• Kinetic Energy (K)
In △ OSQ: cos θ =
√3/2A
=
√3
⇒θ=
π (i) In terms of displacement
3π π
A
8π 4π
2 6 If mass of the particle executing S.H.M. is m and Its
Now ϕ = − = = velocity is v then kinetic energy at any instant.
2 c c 2
4π
So equation of SHM is x = Asin (ωt + )
3
(b) Now to reach the particle at left extreme
point it will travel angle θ along the circle. So
time taken.
π π T
t= = ⇒ t = sec
ω 6ω 12
(c) To reach the particle at mean position it
π π 2π
will travel angle α = + =
α
2
T
6 3 1 1 1
So, tike taken = = sec K = mv 2 = mω2 (A2 − x 2 ) = k(A2 − x 2 )
ω 3 2 2 2
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(ii) In terms of time A

∫ −A (PE)dx
A
∫ −A (U0 +2kA2 )
1

v = Aωcos (ωt + ϕ) (b) < PE >x = A = A

∫ −A dx ∫ −A dx
1 x3
A
K = mω2 A2 cos 2 (ωt + ϕ) 1
U0 (2A)+ k(
2
)
3 −A 1
2 = = U0 = kA2
If initial phase ϕ is zero 2A 6
A 1
A
1 ∫−A (TE)dx ∫−A ( kA2 +U0 ) 1
K = mω2 A2 cos 2 ωt (c) < TE >x = A = 2
A = kA2 + U0
2 ∫−A dx ∫−A dx 2
Example: In case of simple harmonic motion -
(a) What fraction of total energy is kinetic
and what fraction is potential when
displacement is one half of the amplitude.
(b) At what displacement the kinetic and
potential energies are equal.
1
Solution: In S.H.M. : Kinetic Energy K = k
2
1
(A2 − x 2 ), Potential Energy U = kx 2 ,
2
1
Total Energy (TE) = KA2
Note: (i) In S.H.M. the kinetic energy is a inverted parabolic 2
function of displacement. The kinetic energy is (a) Fraction of Kinetic Energy
K A2 −x2
1
maximum ( kA2 ) at mean position (x = 0) and fK.E. = = , Fraction of Potential
2 T.E A2
minimum (zero) at extreme position (x = ±A) Energy
U x2
(ii) The kinetic energy is the periodic function of time. fP.E. = =
T.E A2
It is maximum at t = 0, T, 2 T, 3T.............and minimum A A2 −A2 /4 3
T 3T 5T at x = f = = and
at t = , , … 2 K A2 4
2 2 2 2
A /4 1
• Total energy (E) fU = =
A2 4
1 1
Total energy in S.H.M. is given by ; E = potential (b) K = U ⇒ k(A2 − x 2 ) = kx 2
2 2
energy + kinetic energy = U + K A
1 1 ⇒ 2x 2 = A2 ⇒ x = ±
(i) w.r.t. position E = kx 2 + k(A2 − x 2 ) ⇒ E = √2
1
2 2 Example: The potential energy of a particle
kA2 = constant oscillating on x-axis is U = 20 + (x − 2)2 .
2
(ii) w.r.t. time Here U is in joules and x in meters. Total
1 1
E = mω2 A2 sin2 ωt + mω2 A2 cos 2 ωt mechanical energy of the particle is 36 J .
2 2
1 1 (a) State whether the motion of the
= mω2 A2 (sin2 ωt + cos 2 ωt) = mω2 A2 particle is simple harmonic or not.
2 2
1
= kA2 = constant (b) Find the mean position.
2
Note: (i) Total energy of a particle in S.H.M. is same at all (c) Find the maximum kinetic energy of
instant and at all displacement. the particle.
dU
(ii) Total energy depends upon mass, amplitude and Solution: (a) F = − = −2(x − 2) By assuming
dx
frequency of vibration of the particle executing S.H.M. x − 2 = X, we have F = −2X
• Average energy in S.H.M. Since, F ∝ −X The motion of the particle is
(i) The time average of P.E. and K.E. over one cycle is simple harmonic
1 1
(a) < KE >t =< mω2 A2 cos 2 ωt >= mω2 A2 < (b) The mean position of the particle is
2 2
1 1 1 1 X = 0 ⇒ x − 2 = 0, which gives x = 2 m
cos 2 ωt >= mω2 A2 ( ) = mω2 A2 = kA2
2 2 4 4 (c) Maximum kinetic energy of the particle
1 1
(b) < PE >t =< mω A cos ωt >= mω2 A2 < 2 2 2
is, K max = E − Umin = 36 − 20 = 16 J
2 2
1 1 1 1 Note: Umin is 20 J at mean position or at x = 2 m.
sin2 ωt >= mω2 A2 ( ) = mω2 A2 = kA2
2 2 4 4 SPRING SYSTEM
1 1
(c) ⟨TE⟩t =< mω2 A2 + U0 >= mω2 A2 + U0 = (i) When spring is given small displacement by
2 2
1
kA2 + U0 stretching or compressing it, then restoring elastic
2 force is developed in it because it obeys Hook's law.
(ii) The position average of P.E. and K.E. between x = F ∝ −x ⇒ F = −kx Here k is spring constant
−A to x = A (ii) Spring is assumed massless, so restoring elastic force
A
x3
A 1 2 2 2
1
mω2 (A2 x− 3 ) in spring is assumed same everywhere.
∫ −A 2mω (A −x )dx 2
(a) < KE >x = A = −A
(iii) Spring constant (k) depends on length (ℓ), radius and
∫ −A dx 2A
1 2
material of wire used in spring. for spring kℓ =
= kA constant
3

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2π m 1 k
(iv) When spring is compressed or stretched then work Time period T = = 2π√ , Frequency n = √
ω k 2π m
done on it is stored as elastic potential energy.
(iii) Time period of a spring pendulum is independent of
acceleration due to gravity. This is why a clock based
on oscillation of spring pendulum will keep proper
time everywhere on a hill or moon or in a satellite or
different places of earth.
(iv) If a spring pendulum oscillates in a vertical plane is
made to oscillate on a horizontal surface or on an
inclined plane then time period will remain
unchanged.

(v) By increasing the mass, time period of spring

pendulum increases (T ∝ √m), but by increasing the
1 force constant of spring (k), Its time period decreases
W = ∫ Fdx = ∫ kxdx and U = W = kx 2 1
[T ∝ ] whereas frequency increases (n ∝ √k)
2 √k
(vi) If two masses m1 and m2 are connected by a spring
and made to oscillate then time period T =
m m
Here, μ = 1 2 = reduced mass
m1 +m2
(vii) If the stretch in a vertically loaded spring is y0 then
for equilibrium of mass m .
m y
ky0 = mg i.e., = 0
k g
m y0
So, time period T = 2π√ = 2π√
k g
When spring is stretched from ℓ1 to ℓ2 then Work
1
done W = k(ℓ22 − ℓ12 )
2
SPRING PENDULUM
(i) When a small mass is suspended from a mass-less
spring then this arrangement is known as spring
pendulum.
For small linear displacement the motion of spring
pendulum is simple harmonic.
(ii) For a spring pendulum But remember time period of spring pendulum is
d2 x d2 x independent of acceleration due to gravity.
F = −kx ⇒ m 2 = −kx [∵ F = ma = m 2 ] (viii) If two particles are attached with spring in which only
dt dt
2 2
one is oscillating
d x k d x k
⇒ 2 = − x ∵ 2 = −ω2 x ⇒ ω2 = Time period = 2π√
mass of oscillating particle
= 2π√
m1
dt m dt m force constant k
This is standard equation of linear S.H.M.

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k1 +k2
Angular frequency ω = √
m
Example: A body of mass m attached to a spring
which is oscillating with time period 4
seconds. If the mass of the body is
increased by 4 kg, its timer period
increases by 2 sec . Determine value of
initial mass m.
m m
Solution: In I st case : T = 2π√ ⇒ 4 = 2π√ … (i)
k k
VARIOUS SPRING ARRANGEMENTS m+4
Series combination of springs and in I nd case : 6 = 2π√ … (ii)
k
In series combination same restoring force exerts in 4 m 16 m
all springs but extension will be different. Divide (i) by (ii) = √ ⇒ =
6 m+4 36 m+4
⇒ m = 3.2 kg
Example: One body is suspended from a spring of
length ℓ, spring constant k and has time
period T. Now if spring is divided in two
equal parts which are joined in parallel
and the same body is suspended from this
arrangement then determine new time
period.
Solution: Spring constant in parallel combination
k ′ = 2k + 2k = 4k
Total displacement x = x1 + x2 m m m 1
Force acting on both springs F = −k1 x1 = −k 2 x2 ∴ T ′ = 2π√ ′ = 2π√ = 2π√ ×
k 4k k √4
F F F F T T
∵ x1 = − and x2 = − ∴ x = − [ + ] = =
k1 k2 k1 k2 √4 2
If equivalent force constant is k s then F = −k s X Example: A block is on a horizontal slab which is
so by equation (i) moving horizontally and executing S.H.M.
F F
− =− − ⇒ = +
F 1 1 1 k k
⇒ ks = 1 2 The coefficient of static friction between
ks k1 k2 ks k1 k2 k1 +k2
block and slab is μ. If block is not separated
m m(k1 +k2 )
Time period T = 2π√ = 2π√ from slab then determine angular
ks k1 k2
frequency of oscillation.
Frequency n =
1 k
√ s , Angular frequency ω = √
ks Solution: If block is not separated from slab then
2π m m restoring force due to S.H.M. should be less
Parallel Combination of springs than frictional force between slab and
block.
Frestoring ≤ Ffriction ⇒ ma max. ≤ μmg ⇒
μg
a max. ≤ μg ⇒ ω2 A ≤ μg ⇒ ω ≤ √
A
Example: A block of mass m is suspended from a
spring of spring constant k. Find the
amplitude of S.H.M.
Solution: Let amplitude of S.H.M. be x0 then by work
energy theorem W = ΔKE
In parallel combination displacement on each spring 1 2mg
is same but restoring force is different. mgx0 − kx02 = 0 ⇒ x0 =
2 k
Force acting on the system
F = F1 + F2 ⇒ F = −k1 x − k 2 x
If equivalent force constant is k P then, F = −k PX , so
by equation
(i) −k PX = −k1 x − k 2 x ⇒ k P = k1 + k 2
m m
Time period T = 2π√ = 2π√ ;
kP k1 +k2

1 kP
Frequency n = √ ;
2π m

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SIMPLE PENDULUM ℓ
For second's pendulum, time period T = 2 = 2π√ .
If a heavy point mass is suspended by a weightless, g
inextensible and perfectly flexible string from a rigid At the surface of earth g = 9.8 m/s 2 ≈ π2 m/s 2 .
support, then this arrangement is called a simple So length of second pendulum at the surface of earth
pendulum ℓ1 meter
Expression for time period Example: A simple pendulum of length L and mass M
Restoring force acting on pendulum F = −mgsin θ is suspended in a car. The car is moving on
OA y y
For small angle sin θ ≈ = ∴ ma = −mg × ⇒ a circular track of radius R with a uniform
SA ℓ ℓ
g speed v. If the pendulum makes oscillation
a=− y
ℓ in a radial direction about its equilibrium
It proves that if displacement is small then simple position, then calculate its time period.
pendulum performs S.H.M. v2
Solution: Centripetal acceleration ac = &
R
Acceleration due to gravity = g
v2 2
So g eff = √g 2 + ( ) ⇒ Time period T =
R
L L
2π√ = 2π√ 4
geff √g2 + v 2
R

g g
∵ |a| = ω2 y ⇒ ω2 = ⇒ω=√
ℓ ℓ
2π ℓ displacement
∴T= = 2π√ = 2π√
ω g acceleration
Example: A simple pendulum is suspended from the
ℓ
• T = 2π√ is valid when length of simple pendulum ceiling of a lift. When the lift is at rest, its
g
time period is T. With what acceleration
(ℓ) is negligible as compare to radius of earth
should lift be accelerated upwards in order
(ℓ << R e ) but if ℓ is comparable to radius of earth
Re
to reduce its time period to .
then time period T = 2π√ R ℓ
[1+ e ]g
ℓ Solution: In stationary lift T = 2π√ … (i) In
g
• The time period of oscillation of simple pendulum of
T ℓ
infinite length (ℓ → ∞) accelerated lift = T ′ = 2π√
2 g+a
R 1 g+a
T = 2π√ ≃ 84.6 minute ≈ 1 hour Divide (i) by (ii) 2 = √
g 2 g

(It is maximum time period) ⇒g+a =4g ⇒a =3g

COMPOUND PENDULUM
• If angular amplitude (θ0 ) is large (θ0 > 15∘ ) then
Any rigid body which is free to oscillate in a vertical
ℓ θ2
time period is given by T = 2π√ [1 + 0
] here θ0 is in plane about a horizontal axis passing through a point,
g 16
is define compound pendulum
radian.
Expression for time period
• If a simple pendulum of density ρ is made to oscillate
in a liquid of density σ then its time period will
increase as compare to that of air and is given by T =
ℓ
2π√ σ
[1− ]g
ρ

Second's pendulum
If the time period of a simple pendulum is 2 second
then it is called second's pendulum. Second's
pendulum take one second to go from one extreme
position to other extreme position. Torque acting on a body τ = −mgℓsin θ if angle is
very small sin θ ≈ θ then τ = −mgℓθ...(i) and τ =
IS α …...ii)
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Here m = mass of the body For minimum time period

dT
= 0 then K = ℓ
ℓ = distance between point of suspension and centre dℓ

of mass K2
+K 2K
Is = moment of inertia about horizontal axis passes ⇒ Tmin = T = 2π√ K = 2π√
g g
through point of suspension k2
From equation (i) and (ii) Is α = −mgℓθ Note: = Distance between centre of mass and point of
ℓ
d2 θ d2 θ mgℓ oscillation. It has uniform cross section area and
Is 2 + mg ℓθ = 0, 2 + θ=0
dt dt Is width at any point.
d2 θ Bar pendulum
∴ 2 + ω2 θ = 0 A bar pendulum is a steel bar of 1 meter length with
dt
Compare equation (iii) and (iv) holes at regular intervals for suspension. The time
mgℓ mgℓ period is measured for different values of ℓ (distance
ω2 = ⇒ω=√ between S and C). The graph between T and length
Is Is
from one end ℓ is as shown in fig below. The time
period is infinite when ℓ = 0, i.e., when it is
suspended from the centre of gravity (centre of
mass).

Time period of compound pendulum

2π Is
T= = 2π√
ω mgℓ
Applying parallel axis theorem Is = ICM + mℓ2
⇒ Is = mK 2 + mℓ2
K2
Is mK2 +mℓ2 +ℓ
∵ T = 2π√ = 2π√ ⇒ T = 2π√ ℓ
mgℓ mgℓ g

Here S = point of suspension ; O = point of oscillation

; K = radius of gyration L = +ℓ = equivalent length
of simple pendulum
ℓ = distance between point of suspension and point
of oscillation
K2
+ℓ
Time Period T = 2π√ ℓ
g

At four points P, Q, R and S, the time period is the

same T1 . The distance are such that
PR + QS
= ℓeq = ℓ + K 2 /ℓ Also PD = ℓ DR = K 2 /ℓ
2
The time period is minimum when ℓ = K
2K
In Fig. AB = 2 K. The minimum period is T0 = 2π√
g
Example: A disc is made to oscillate about a
For maximum time period ℓ = 0 Maximum time horizontal axis passing through mid point
period Tmax = ∞ of its radius. Determine time period.

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Solution: For disc I = MK 2 =

MR2
⇒K=
R
,ℓ =
R and withdrawn; Here restoring force will be
2 √2 2 developed due to elasticity of block.

K2 R R2 R 3R
L=ℓ+ = + = +R=
ℓ 2 2( )
R
2
2 2 Modulus of rigidity of the block
L 3R shear stress
⇒ T = 2π√ = 2π√ η=
g 2g shear strain
F A y
η= ⇒ F = η y [ as θ = ]
Example: A rod with rectangular cross section Aθ L L
oscillates about a horizontal axis passing Restoring force is linear so motion will be linear
through one of its ends and it behaves like S.H.M.
A
a second's pendulum. Determine its Force constant (k) = η = ηL [as A = L2 ] So T =
L
length. m m
Solution: Because oscillating rod behaves as a 2π√ = 2π√
k ηL
second's pendulum so its time period will Motion of a liquid in a V-shape tube when it is slightly
be 2 second. depressed and released
K2 Here cross-section of the tube is uniform and the
ℓ+ 2
liquid is incompressible and non viscous. Initially the
T = 2π√ ℓ = 2 s ⇒ ℓ + K = 1 … (i)
g ℓ level of liquid in the two limbs will be at the same
height. If the liquid is pressed by y in one limb, it will
[∵ π2 = g] rise by y along the length of the tube in the other limb
Assume length of rod is L, because axis so the restoring force will developed by hydrostatic
passes through one end So pressure difference, i.e.,
L L2
ℓ = and K 2 = F = −ΔP × A = −(h1 + h2 )gdA ⇒ F
2 12
Putting this values in equation we get = −Agd(sin θ1 + sin θ2 )y
L L2 2
+ × = 1 ⇒ L = 1.5 m
2 12 L
EXAMPLES OF SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION
• If a mass m is suspended from a wire of length L, cross
section A and young's modulus Y and is pulled along
the length of the wire then restoring force will be
developed by the elasticity of the wire.
stress F/A FL YA
Y= ⇒ ⇒= ⇒F=− ℓ
strain ℓ/L ℓA L As the restoring force is linear, motion will be linear
Restoring force is linear so motion is linear simple simple harmonic.
harmonic with force constant Force constant (k) = Agd (sin θ1 + sin θ2 ) So T =
m
YA 1 k 1 YA 2π√
k= i.e., n = √ = √ Adg (sin θ1 +sin θ2 )
L 2π m 2π mL Note: If the tube is a U-tube and liquid is filled to a height h

θ1 = θ2 = 90∘ and m = hAd × 2 So time period T

• If the lower surface of a cube of side L and of modulus
of rigidity fixed while fixing a particle of mass m on h
= 2π√
the upper face, a force parallel to upper face is applied g

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When a partially submerged floating body is slightly Now as restoring torque is angular so motion will be
pressed and released : angular simple harmonic. And as by definition.
d2 θ d2 θ
τ = Iα = mR2 [ 2 ] [ as I = mR2 and α = 2 ]
dt dt
2 2
d θ d θ
mR2 2 = − mgR θ i.e., 2 = −ω2 θ ⇒ ω2
dt dt
g 2π R
= so T = = 2π√
R ω g
Motion of a ball in a tunnel through the earth
Case I: If the tunnel is along a diameter and a ball is
If a body of mass m and cross section A is floating in released from the surface. If the ball at any time is
a liquid of density σ with height h inside the liquid at a distance y from the centre of earth, then the
then restoring force will act on the ball due to gravitation
mg = Thrust = Ah σ, i.e., m = Ahσ between ball and earth. But from theory of
Now from this equilibrium position if it is pressed by gravitation we know that force that acts on a
y, restoring force will developed due to extra thrust particle inside the earth at a distance y from its
i.e. F = −Aσgy centre is only due to mass M ′ of the earth that lies
within sphere of radius y. (the portion of the earth
that lies out side this sphere does not exert any net
−GmM′
force on the particle) so F =
y2

As restoring force is linear, motion will be linear

simple harmonic with force constant k = Aσg,
m m
So T = 2π√ = 2π√
k Aσg
y 3
From this expression it is clear that if density of liquid 4 4
But as M = πR3 ρ and M ′ = πy 3 ρ, i.e., M ′ = M [ ]
3 3 R
decreases, time period will increase and vice-versa.
−Gm y3 GMm
h F = 2 × M [ 3] = − 3 y
And also as from eqn . (i) m = Ahσ, T = 2π√ where h y R R
g
is the height of the body inside the liquid. Restoring force is linear so the motion is linear SHM
Motion of a ball in a bowl with force constant .
If a small steel ball of mass m is placed at a small GMm m R3
distance from O inside a smooth concave surface of k= 3
so T = 2π√ = 2π√
R k GM
radius R and released, it will oscillate about O. The
restoring torque here will be due to the force of Further more as g =
GM
⇒ T = 2π√
R
R2
gravity mg on the ball i.e., τ = −mg(Rsin θ) = g

−mgR θ [As θ is small] Which is same as that of a simple pendulum of infinite

length and is equal to 84.6 minutes.
Case II:
If the tunnel is along a chord and ball is released from
the surface and if the ball at any time is at a distance
x from the centre of the tunnel. The restoring force
will be :
GMm x GMm
F ′ = Fsin θ = [− 3 y] [ ] = − 3 x
R y R
Which is again linear with same force constant k =
GMm
R3

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So that motion is linear simple harmonic with same Example: A liquid of mass m is set into oscillations in
time period - a U-tube of cross section A. Its time period
ℓ
m R3 R recorded is T, where T = 2π√ , here ℓ is
T = 2π√ = 2π√ = 2π√ = 84.6 minutes 2g
k GM g the length of liquid column. If the liquid of
same mass is set into oscillations in U-tube
A
of cross section then determine time
16
period of oscillation.
Solution: Mass is constant ⇒ volume × density =
constant ⇒ V1 d = V2 d
A
(Aℓ)d = [ ℓ′ ] d ⇒ ℓ′ = 16ℓ ∵ T =
16
ℓ T′ ℓ′ 16ℓ
2π√ ∴ =√ =√ = 4 ⇒ T′ = 4 T
2g T ℓ ℓ
Example: A ball of mass m kept at the centre of a
string of length L is pulled from center in
Note: In SHM vmax = ωA
perpendicular direction and released.
(i) In I case and II nd case time period will be same but
Prove that motion of ball is simple
vmax will be different.
harmonic and determine time period of
(ii) If ball is dropped from height h it will perform
1
oscillation
oscillatory motion not SHM [F ∝ 2 and not F ∝ (−r)] Solution: Restoring force F = −2 Tsin θ
r
x
Conical Pendulum When θ is small sin θ ≈ tan θ ≈ θ =
L/2
It is not example of S.H.M. but example of periodic d2 x x
motion. m = −2 Tsin θ = −2 Tθ = −2 T
dt2 L/2
d2 x 4T d2 x
h =− x⇒ ∝ −x
T = 2π√ where h = Lcos θ dt2 mL dt2
g

h = √L2 − r 2
g
ω=√
Lcos θ
• Torsional Oscillator : (Angular SHM)
I ηπr 4
T = 2π√ where C =
C 2ℓ
η = modulus of elasticity of the wire ; r = radius of So motion is simple harmonic
the wire 2π 4T mL
ω= =√ ⇒ T = 2π√
L = length of the wire ; I = Moment of inertia of the T mI ΔT
disc

• Oscillation of piston in a frictionless gas chamber

piston :
Vm
T = 2π√ where V = volume of cylinder m = mass
A2 E
of piston, A = area of cylinder ball, E = bulk modulus
ΔP
=
−ΔV/V
For Isothermal process : E = P, so T = 2π√Vm/PA2
For Adiabatic process : E = γP, so T = 2π√Vm/γPA2
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EXERCISE - I 6. A particle performing S.H.M. about mean position x =

1. Motion of a ball bearing inside a smooth curved bowl, 0 and at t = 0 it is at position x =
A
and moving
when released from a point slightly above the lower √2
towards the origin. Then which of the following is its
point is
possible graph between position (x) and time (t)
(A) simple harmonic motion.
(B) non-periodic motion.
(C) periodic motion.
(D) periodic but not S.H.M.

2. The displacement of a particle varies with time

according to the relation y = asin ωt + bcos ωt.
(A) The motion is oscillatory but not S.H.M.
(B) The motion is S.H.M. with amplitude a + b
(C) The motion is S.H.M. with amplitude a2 + b2
(D) The motion is S.H.M. with amplitude √a2 + b 2 7. A particle is performing S.H.M. and at t = 0, is at
3. The oscillations represented by curve 1 in the graph position =
A
and moving towards the origin.
√2
are expressed by equation x = Asin ωt. The equation
Equilibrium position of the particle is at x = 0. Now
for the oscillations represented by curve 2 is T
expressed as: after t = , what will be the graph of the particle's
2
S.H.M.

(A) x = 2Asin (ωt − π/2)

(B) x = 2Asin (ωt + π/2)
(C) x = −2Asin (ωt − π/2) 3T
(D) x = Asin (ωt − π/2) 8. A particle is performing S.H.M. and at t = , is at
4
A
position = and moving towards the origin.
√2
4. The equation of motion of a particle is x = acos (αt)2 .
Equilibrium position of the particle is at x = 0. After
The motion is 3T
(A) periodic but not oscillatory. t = what will be the graph of the particle according
2
(B) periodic and oscillatory. person B.
(C) oscillatory but not periodic.
(D) neither periodic nor oscillatory.

5. Part of a simple harmonic motion is graphed in the

figure, where y is the displacement from the mean
position. The correct equation describing this S.H.M
is

9. Following graph shows a particle performing S.H.M.

about mean position x = 0. The equation of particle if
T
t = is taken as starting time is (Notations have usual
4
meanings)
(A) y = 4cos (0.6t)
10 π
(B) y = 2sin ( t − )
3 2
10 π
(C) y = 4sin ( t + )
3 2
10 π
(D) y = 2cos ( t + )
3 2

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(A) Asin (ωt +

2π
) (A) A = 5; T = 2
π
3
(B) A = 10; T = 1
(B) Asin (ωt + ) (C) A = 5; T = 1
3
(C) Asin (ωt + )
π (D) A = 10; T = 2
6
2π
(D) Acos (ωt + ) 15. The maximum acceleration of a particle in SHM is
3
made two times keeping the maximum speed to be
10. A particle is performing S.H.M. and at t =
3T
, is at position constant. It is possible when
4 (A) amplitude of oscillation is doubled while
√3 A
and moving towards the origin. Equilibrium position frequency remains constant
2
of the particle is at x = 0. Then what was the position and (B) amplitude is doubled while frequency is halved
direction of particle at t = 0 ? (C) frequency is doubled while amplitude is halved
A
(A) − , away from mean position (D) frequency is doubled while amplitude remains
A
2 constant
(B) , away from mean position
2
A
(C) , towards mean position 16. A stone is swinging in a horizontal circle 0.8 m in
2
A diameter at 30rev/min. A distant horizontal light
(D) − , towards mean position beam causes a shadow of the stone to be formed on a
2
nearly vertical wall. The amplitude and period of the
11. A particle is performing S.H.M. and at t =
3T
, is at simple harmonic motion for the shadow of the stone
4
√3 A
are
position and moving towards the origin. (A) 0.4 m, 4 s
2
Equilibrium position of the particle is at x = 0. Then (B) 0.2 m.2 s
what was the position and direction of particle at t = (C) 0.4 m, 2 s
3T
? (D) 0.8 m, 2 s
2
A
(A) − , away from mean position 17. A small mass executes linear SHM about O with
A
2
amplitude a and period T. Its displacement from O at
(B) , away from mean position time T/8 after passing through O is:
2
A a
(C) , towards mean position (A)
2 8
A a
(D) − , towards mean position (B)
2 2√2
a
(C)
2
12. The phase difference between two SHMs Y1 = (D)
a
10sin (10πt + π/3) and Y2 = 12sin (8πt + π/4) at √2
t = 0.5 s is.....
(A) 195∘ 18. The displacement of a body executing SHM is given by
(B) 200∘ x = Asin (2πt + π/3). The first time from t = 0 when
(C) 180∘ the velocity is maximum is
(D) 170∘ (A) 0.33 sec
(B) 0.16 sec
13. A bob is attached to a long, light string. The string is (C) 0.25 sec
deflected by 3∘ initially with respect to vertical. The (D) 0.5 sec
length of the string is 1 m. The value of q at any time
t after the bob released can be approximately written 19. A particle performing SHM is found at its equilibrium
as (Use g = π2 ) at t = 1sec. and it is found to have a speed of 0.25 m/s
(A) 3∘ cos πt at t = 2sec. If the period of oscillation is 6 sec.
(B) 3∘ sin πt Calculate amplitude of oscillation
3
π
(C) 3∘ sin (πt + ) (A) m
2π
6 3
π (B) m
(D) 3∘ cos (πt + ) 4π
6 6
(C) m
π
3
14. A simple harmonic motion having an amplitude A and (D)
8π
time period T is represented by the equation:
y = 5sin π(t + 4)m 20. The angular frequency of motion whose equation is
Then the values of A (in m) and T (in sec) are: d2 y
4 + 9y = 0 is (y = displacement and t = time)
dt2

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(A)
9
25. Speed v of a particle moving along a straight line,
4
4 when it is at a distance x from a fixed point on the line
(B) is given by v 2 = 108 − 9x 2 (all quantities in S.I. unit).
9
3
(C) Then
2
2 (A) The motion is uniformly accelerated along the
(D)
3 straight line
(B) The magnitude of the acceleration at a distance 3
21. A particle performs SHM with a period T and cm from the fixed point is 0.27 m/s 2 .
amplitude a. The mean velocity of the particle overthe (C) The motion is simple harmonic about x = √12 m.
time interval during which it travels a distance a/2 (D) The maximum displacement from the fixed point
from the extreme position is is 4 cm.
(A) a/T
(B) 2a/T MULTIPLE CORRECT TYPE QUESTIONS
(C) 3a/T 26. The rotation of earth about its axis is
(D) a/2 T (A) periodic motion.
(B) simple harmonic motion.
(C) periodic but not simple harmonic motion
22. Two particles execute SHM of same amplitude of 20 (D) non-periodic motion.
cm with same period along the same line about the
same equilibrium position. The maximum distance 27. Two particles are in SHM with same amplitude A and
between the two is 20 cm. Their phase difference in same angular frequency ω. At time t = 0, one is at x =
radians is A A
2π + and other is at x = − . Both are moving in same
(A) 2 2
π
3 direction.
(B) π
2 (A) Phase difference between the two particle is
π 3
(C) 2π
3
π
(B) Phase difference between the two particle is
3
(D) π
4 (C) They will collide after time t =
2ω
3π
23. Two particles are in SHM on same straight line with (D) They will collide after time t =
ω
amplitude A and 2 A and with same angular
frequency ω. It is observed that when first particle is 28. A particle moves in x − y plane according to equation
at a distance A/√2 from origin and going toward ⃗S = (2î + ĵ)cos ωt. The motion of particle is
mean position, other particle is at extreme position (A) On straight line
on other side of mean position. Find phase difference (B) On ellipse
between the two particles (C) Periodic
(A) 45∘ (D) SHM
(B) 90∘
(C) 135∘ 29. A particle is executing SHM with amplitude A, time
(D) 180∘ period T, maximum acceleration a 0 and maximum
velocity v0 . Its starts from mean position at t = 0 and
at time t, it has the displacement A/2, acceleration a
24. Statement 1: Displacement-time equation of a and velocity v then
particle moving along x − axis is x = 4 + 6sin ωt. (A) t = T/12
Under this situation, motion of particle is not simple (B) a = a 0 /2
harmonic. (C) v = vo /2
and (D) t = T/8
d2 x
Statement 2: 2 for the given equation is not
dt
proportional to -x. ENERGY OF SHM
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; 30. In the figure is shown a spring-mass system
Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1. oscillating in uniform gravity. If we neglect all
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; dissipative forces, it will keep on oscillating endlessly
Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for with constant amplitude and frequency.
Statement -1. Accompanying graph shows how displacement x of
(C) Statement -1 is True, Statement -2 is False. the block from the equilibrium position varies with
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True. time t.

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33. A plank with a small block on top of it is under going

vertical SHM. Its period is 2 sec. The minimum
amplitude at which the block will separate from
plank is:
10
(A) 2
π
π2
(B)
10
20
(C)
Now at a certain instant t = t 0 when the block π2
π
reaches its lowest position, gravity is switched off by (D)
10
some unknown mechanism. Which of the following
graphs would correctly describes the changes taking
place due to switching off the gravity? 34. Two bodies P&Q of equal mass are suspended from
two separate massless springs of force constants k1
and k 2 respectively. If the maximum velocity of them
are equal during their motion, the ratio of amplitude
of P to Q is:
k
(A) 1
k2
k2
(B) √
k1
k2
(C)
k1
k1
(D) √
k2

35. The displacement-time graph of a particle executing

SHM is shown. Which of the following statements
is/are true?

31. Potential energy of a particle is given as U(x) = 2x 3 −

9x 2 + 12x. If the motion of a particle is S.H.M.& (A) The velocity is maximum at t = T/2
potential energy in joule and x (in m). Then find the (B) The acceleration is maximum at t = T
approx potential energy of the particle: (C) The force is zero at t = 3 T/4
(A) -36 J (D) The potential energy equals the oscillation energy
(B) 4 J at t = T/2.
(C) 5 J
(D) None of these 36. The graph plotted between phase angle (ϕ) and
displacement of a particle from equilibrium position
(y) is a sinusoidal curve as shown below. Then the
32. If the potential energy of a harmonic oscillator of best matching is
mass 2 kg on its equilibrium position is 5 joules and
the total energy is 9 joules when the amplitude is one
meter the period of the oscillator (in sec) is:
(A) 1.5
(B) 3.14
(C) 6.28
(D) 4.67

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40. The springs in fig. A and B are identical but length in

A is three times each of that in B. The ratio of period
TA /TB is

(A) √3
(B) 1/3
(C) 3
(D) 1/√3

41. A small bob attached to a light inextensible thread of

length l has a periodic time T when allowed to vibrate
as a simple pendulum. The thread is now suspended
31
from a fixed end O of a vertical rigid rod of length
4
TIME PERIOD (as in figure). If now the pendulum performs periodic
37. The time taken by a particle performing SHM to pass oscillations in this arrangement, the periodic time
from point A to B where its velocities are same is 2 will be
seconds. After another 2 seconds it returns to B. The
time period of oscillation is (in seconds)
(A) 2
(B) 8
(C) 6
(D) 4

38. A particle of mass 1 kg is undergoing S.H.M., for which

graph between force and displacement (from mean
position) as shown. Its time period, in seconds, is: 3T
(A)
4
T
(B)
2
(C) T
(D) 2 T

42. A system of two identical rods (L-shaped) of mass m

and length l are resting on a peg P as shown in the
figure. If the system is displaced in its plane by a small
angle θ, find the period of oscillations:
(A) π/3
(B) 2π/3
(C) π/6
(D) 3/π

39. Two pendulums have time periods T and 5 T/4. They √2l
start SHM at the same time from the mean position. (A) 2π√
3g
After how many oscillations of the smaller pendulum
2√21
they will be again in the same phase: (B) 2π√
3g
(A) 5
21
(B) 4 (C) 2π√
3g
(C) 11
1
(D) 9 (D) 3π√
3g

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43. A ring of diameter 2 m oscillates as a compound 1

(A) mω2 A2
2
pendulum about a horizontal axis passing through a
(B) mω2 A2
point at its rim. It oscillates such that its centre move 1
in a plane which is perpendicular to the plane of the (C) mω2 A2
4
ring. The equivalent length of the simple pendulum is (D) zero
(A) 2m
(B) 4 m 48. Equations y = 2 Acos 2 ωt and y = A(sin ωt +
(C) 1.5 m √3cos ωt) represent the motion of two particles.
(D) 3 m (A) Only one of these is S.H.M.
(B) Ratio of maximum speeds is 2: 1
44. A man is swinging on a swing made of 2 ropes of equal (C) Ratio of maximum speeds is 1: 1
length L and in direction perpendicular to the plane (D) Ratio of maximum accelerations is 1: 4
of paper. The time period of the small oscillations
about the mean position is 49. A body undergoing SHM about the origin has its
equation is given by x = 0.2cos 5πt. Find its average
speed from t = 0 to t = 0.7sec.

50. Two particles A and B execute SHM along the same

line with the same amplitude a, same frequency and
same equilibrium position O. If the phase difference
between them is ϕ = 2sin−1 (0.9), then find the
maximum distance between the two.

(A) 2π√
L 51. Potential Energy (U) of a body of unit mass moving in
2g
a one-dimension conservative force field is given by,
(B) 2π√
√3L U = (x 2 − 4x + 3). All units are in S.I.
2g (i) Find the equilibrium position of the body.
(C) 2π√
L (ii) Show that oscillations of the body about this
2√3g equilibrium position is simple harmonic motion &
L find its time period.
(D) π√
g (iii)Find the amplitude of oscillations if speed of the
body at equilibrium position is 2√6 m/s.
45. A rod whose ends are A & B of length 25 cm is hanged
in vertical plane. When hanged from point A and 52. An object of mass 0.2 kg executes SHM along the x-
point B the time periods calculated are 3sec&4sec axis with frequency of (25/π)Hz. At the point x =
respectively. Given the moment of inertia of rod about 0.04 m the object has KE 0.5 J and PE 0.4 J. The
axis perpendicular to the rod is in ratio 9: 4 at points amplitude of oscillation is .
A and B. Find the distance of the centre of mass from
point A. 53. The acceleration-displacement (a − x) graph of a
(A) 9 cm particle executing simple harmonic motion is shown
(B) 5 cm in the figure. Find the frequency of oscillation.
(C) 25 cm
(D) 20 cm

COMPLEX SITUATIONS
46. The amplitude of the vibrating particle due to
π
superposition of two SHMs, y1 = sin (ωt + ) and
3
y2 = sin ωt is
(A) 1
(B) √2 54. A body is in SHM with period T when oscillated from
(C) √3 a freely suspended spring. If this spring is cut in two
(D) 2 parts of length ratio 1: 3& again oscillated from the
two parts separately, then the periods are T1 &T2 then
47. Two simple harmonic motions y1 = Asin ωt and y2 = find T1 /T2 .
Acos ωt are superimposed on a particle of mass m.
The total mechanical energy of the particle is:

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55. A block of mass 0.9 kg attached to a spring of force

constant k is lying on a frictionless floor. The spring is
compressed to √2 cm and the block is at a distance
1/√2 cm from the wall as shown in the figure. When
the block is released, it makes elastic collision with
the wall and its period of motion is 0.2 sec. Find the
approximate value of k.

(a) the frequency and

(b) the amplitude of the resulting SHM.

61. A cart consists of a body and four wheels on

frictionless axles. The body has a mass m. The wheels
are uniform disks of mass M and radius R. The cart
56. A force f = −10x + 2 acts on a particle of mass 0.1 kg, rolls, without slipping, back and forth on a horizontal
where ' k ' is in m and F in newton. If it is released plane under the influence of a spring attached to one
from rest at x = −2m, find: end of the car (figure). The spring constant is k.
(a) amplitude; Taking into account the moment of inertia of the
(b) time period; wheels, find a formula for the frequency of the back
(c) equation of motion. and forth motion of the cart.
57. Two identical rods each of mass m and length L, are
rigidly joined and then suspended in a vertical plane
so as to oscillate freely about an axis normal to the
plane of paper passing through 'S' (point of
suspension). Find the time period of such small
oscillations.
62. The motion of a simple pendulum is given by
g
θ = Acos (√ t) (symbols have their usual meaning)
ℓ
(a) Find the tension in the string of this pendulum;
assume that θ ≪ 1.
(b) The tension is a function of time. At what time is
the tension maximum? What is the value of this
58. (a) Find the time period of oscillations of a torsional maximum tension?
pendulum, if the torsional constant of the wire is K =
10π2 J/rad. The moment of inertia of rigid body is 63. A physical pendulum has the shape of a disk of radius
10 kg m2 about the axis of rotation. R. the pendulum swings about an axis perpendicular
(b) A simple pendulum of length l = 0.5 m is hanging to the plane of the disk and at distance ℓ from the
from ceiling of a car. The car is kept on a horizontal center of the disk.
plane. The car starts accelerating on the horizontal gℓ
road with acceleration of 5 m/s 2. Find the time ω=√
1 2
period of oscillations of the pendulum for small R + ℓ2
2
amplitudes about the mean position. (a) Show that the frequency of the oscillations of this
pendulum is
59. A body of mass 1 kg is suspended from a weightless (b) For what value of ℓ is this frequency at a
spring having force constant 600 N/m. Another body maximum?
of mass 0.5 kg moving vertically upwards hits the
suspended body with a velocity of 3.0 m/s and get
embedded in it. Find the frequency of oscillations and EXERCISE - II
amplitude of motion. 1. A particle is oscillating simple harmonically with
angular frequency ω and amplitude A. It is at a point
60. A spring mass system is hanging from the ceiling of (A) at certain instant (shown in figure). At this instant
an elevator in equilibrium Elongation of spring is l. it is moving towards mean position (B). It takes time
The elevator suddenly starts accelerating downwards t to reach mean position (B). If time period of
with acceleration g/3 find oscillation is T, the average speed between A and B is

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5. A particle executes SHM on a straight line path. The

amplitude of oscillation is 2 cm. When the
displacement of the particle from the mean position
Asin ωt
(A) is 1 cm, the numerical value of magnitude of
t
Acos ωt acceleration is equal to the numerical value of
(B)
t
Asin ωt
magnitude of velocity. The frequency of SHM (in
(C) second −1 ) is:
T
(D)
Acos ωt (A) 2π√3
T
(B) 2π/√3
2. The insulin concentration in blood increases after (C) √3/(2π)
meals and gradually returns to basal levels during the (D) 1/(2π√3)
next 1-2 hours. However, the basal insulin level is not
stable. It oscillates with a regular period of 3-6 min. 6. A particle executes SHM with time period T and
After meal the amplitude of these oscillations amplitude A. The maximum possible average velocity
T
increases but the periodcity remains constant. If in time is
4
before meal insulin concentration vs time graph is 2A
(A)
given as shown then after meal graph would be T
4A
(B)
T
8A
(C)
T
4√2A
(D)
T

7. A particle moves along the x -axis according to: x =

A. [1 + sin ωt]. What distance does it travel between
t = 0 and t = 2.5π/ω ?
(A) 4 A
(B) 6 A
(C) 5 A
(D) None

8. Two particles undergo SHM along parallel lines with

the same time period (T) and equal amplitudes. At a
particular instant, one particle is at its extreme
position while the other is at its mean position. They
move in the same direction. They will cross each
other after a further time

3. The time taken by a particle performing SHM to pass

from point A to B where its velocities are same is 2
seconds. After another 2 seconds it returns to B. The
time period of oscillation is (in seconds)
(A) T/8
(A) 2
(B) 3 T/8
(B) 8
(C) T/6
(C) 6
(D) 4 T/3
(D) 4
9. Two particles are in SHM in a straight line about same
4. Time period of a particle executing SHM is 8 sec. At
equilibrium position. Amplitude A and time period T
t = 0 it is at the mean position. The ratio of the
of both the particles are equal. At time t = 0, one
distance covered by the particle in the 1 st second to
particle is at displacement y1 = +A and the other at
the 2 nd second is:
1 y2 = −A/2, and they are approaching towards each
(A) other. After what time they cross each other?
√2+1
(B) √2 (A) T/3
(C)
1 (B) T/4
√2
(C) 5 T/6
(D) √2 + 1 (D) T/6

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10. Two particles A and B perform SHM along the same 15. Vertical displacement of a plank with a body of mass
straight line with the same amplitude ' a ', same ' m ' on it is varying according to law y = sin ωt +
frequency ' f ' and same equilibrium position ' O '. The √3cos ωt. The minimum value of ω for which the
greatest distance between them is found to be 3a/2. mass just breaks off the plank and the moment it
At some instant of time they have the same occurs first after t = 0 are given by: (y is positive
displacement from mean position. What is the vertically upwards)
displacement? g √2 π
(A) a/2 (A) √ ,
2 6 √g
(B) a√7/4 g 2 π
(B) , √
(C) √3a/2 √2 3 g
(D) 3a/4 g π 2
(C) √ , √
2 3 g
11. Potential energy of a particle having mass ' m ' is 2π
given as function of position x is U (x) = (D) √2 g, √
3g
2(x−x0 ) (x−x0 )
− −
U0 [e b − 2e b ]. In the vicinity of
−5xî
equilibrium position x = x0 , for small displacement, 16. For a particle acceleration is defined as a⃗ = for
|x|
then find the time period of particle. x ≠ 0 and a⃗ = 0 for x = 0. If the particle is initially at
6m rest (a, 0) what is period of motion of the particle.
(A) 2πb√
u0 (A) 4√2a/5sec.
(B) 2π√
b×m (B) 8√2a/5sec.
u0
(C) 2√2a/5sec.
m
(C) 2πb√ (D) cannot be determined
6u0

b
(D) 2π√ 17. Part of a simple harmonic motion is graphed in the
u0
figure, where y is the displacement from the mean
position. The correct equation describing this S.H.M
12. A particle of mass m is executing oscillations about is
the origin on the x -axis. Its potential energy is V(x) =
k|x|3 where k is a positive constant. If the amplitude
of oscillations is a, then its time period T is
(A) proportional to 1/√a
(B) independent of a
(C) proportional to √a
(D) proportional to a3/2

13. A wire frame in the shape of an equilateral triangle is

hinged at one vertex so that it can swing freely in a
vertical plane, with the plane of the Δ always (A) y = 4cos (00.6t)
remaining vertical. The side of the frame is 1/√3 m. 10
(B) y = 2sin ( t − )
π

The time period in seconds of small oscillations of the 3

10
2
π
frame will be (C) y = 4sin ( t + )
3 2
π
(A) (D) y = 2cos ( t + )
10 π
√2 3 2
(B) π√2
π
(C) 18. The angular frequency of a spring block system is ω0 .
√6
π This system is suspended from the ceiling of an
(D)
√5 elevator moving downwards with a constant speed
14. A circular disc has a tiny hole in it, at a distance z from v0 . The block is at rest relative to the elevator. Lift is
its center. Its mass is M and radius R (R > z). A suddenly stopped. Assuming the downwards as a
horizontal shaft is passed through the hole and held positive direction, choose the wrong statement:
v
fixed so that the disc can freely swing in the vertical (A) The amplitude of the block is 0
ω0
plane. For small disturbance, the disc performs SHM (B) The initial phase of the block is π.
whose time period is minimum for z = (C) The equation of motion for the block is
v0
sin ω0 t
(A) R/2 (B) R/3 ω0
(D) The maximum speed of the block v0
(C) R/√2 (D) R/√3

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19. Two particles are in SHM with same angular (A) at point away from the origin, the particle is in
frequency and amplitudes A and 2 A respectively unstable equilibrium.
along same straight line with same mean position. (B) for any finite non-zero value of x, there is a force
They cross each other at position A/2 distance from directed away from the origin.
mean position in opposite direction. The phase (C) if its total mechanical energy is k/2, it has its
between them is: minimum kinetic energy at the origin.
5π
(A) − sin−1 ( )
1 (D) for small displacements from x = 0, the motion is
π
6
1
4 simple harmonic.
(B) − sin−1 ( )
6 4
(C)
5π
− cos −1 ( )
1 MULTIPLE CORRECT TYPE QUESTIONS
6
π 1
4 24. A necessary and sufficient condition for SHM is
(D) − cos −1 ( ) (A) constant period.
6 4
(B) constant acceleration.
20. A particle executing a simple harmonic motion of (C) proportionality between acceleration and
period 2 s. When it is at its extreme displacement displacement from equilibrium position.
from its mean position, it receives an additional (D) proportionality between the restoring force and
energy equal to what it had in its mean position. Due displacement from equilibrium position.
to this, in its subsequent motion,
(A) its amplitude will change and become equal to √2 25. For a SHM with given angular frequency, two
times its previous amplitude arbitrary initial conditions are necessary and
(B) its periodic time will become doubled i.e. 4 s sufficient to determine the motion completely. These
(C) its potential energy will be decreased initial conditions may be-
(D) it will continue to execute simple harmonic (A) Amplitude and initial phase
motion of the same amplitude and period as before (B) Amplitude and total energy of oscillation
receiving the additional energy. (C) Initial phase and total energy of oscillation
(D) Initial position and initial velocity
21. A particle is executing SHM of amplitude A, about the
mean position x = 0. Which of the following cannot 26. A particle is executing SHM between points −Xm and
be a possible phase difference between the positions Xm , as shown in figure-I. The velocity V(t) of the
of the particle at x = +A/2 and x = −A/√2 particle is partially graphed and shown in figure-II.
(A) 75∘ Two points A and B corresponding to time t1 and time
(B) 165∘ t 2 respectively are marked on the V(t) curve.
(C) 135∘
(D) 195∘

22. Potential energy vs displacement graph is given for

different-different situation then for any
displacement about position ' O ' in which of the
following motion is periodic

(A) At time t1 , it is going towards Xm .

(B) At time t1 , its speed is decreasing.
(C) At time t 2 , its position lies in between −Xm and O.
(D) The phase difference Δϕ between points A and B
23. A particle free to move along the x-axis has potential must be expressed as 90∘ < Δϕ < 180∘ .
energy given by U(x) = k[1 − exp (−x 2 ) for −∞ <
x < +∞, where k is a positive constant of appropriate 27. For a body executing SHM with amplitudes A, time
dimensions. Then period T, max velocity vmax and phase constant zero,
which of the following statements are correct?
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(A) At y = (A/2), v > (vmax /2) 32. A system is oscillating with undamped simple
(B) v = (vmax /2) for y > (A/2) harmonic motion. Then the
(C) For t = (T/8), y > (A/2) (A) average total energy per cycle of the motion is its
(D) For y = (A/2), t < (T/8) maximum kinetic energy.
1
(B) average total energy per cycle of the motion is
√2
28. The amplitude of a particle executing SHM about O is
times its maximum kinetic energy.
10 cm. Then: 1
(A) When the K.E. is 0.64 of its max. K.E. its (C) root mean square velocity is times its maximum
√2
displacement is 6 cm from O. velocity
(B) When the displacement is 5 cm from O its K.E. is (D) mean velocity is 1/2 of maximum velocity.
0.75 of its max. P.E.
(C) Its total energy at any point is equal to its 33. Two particles execute SHM with amplitude A and 2 A
maximum K.E. and angular frequency w and 2ω respectively. At t =
(D) Its velocity is half the maximum velocity when its 0 they starts with some initial phase difference. At,
displacement is half the maximum displacement. 2π
t = . They are in same phase. Their initial phase
3ω
difference is:
29. The position vector of a particle that is moving in π
(A)
three dimensions is given by 3
2π
r = (1 + 2cos 2ωt)î + (3sin2 ωt)ĵ + (3)k̂ (B)
3
in the ground frame. All units are in SI. Choose the (C)
4π

correct statement (s): 3

(D) π
(A) The particle executes SHM in the ground frame
3
about the mean position (1, , 3) 34. A spring has natural length 40 cm and spring constant
2
(B) The particle executes SHM in a frame moving 500 N/m. A block of mass 1 kg is attached at one end
along the z -axis with a velocity of 3 m/s. of the spring and other end of the spring is attached
5
(C) The amplitude of the SHM of the particle is m. to ceiling. The block released from the position,
2
where the spring has length 45 cm.
(D) The direction of the SHM of the particle is given
4 3 (A) the block will perform SHM of amplitude 5 cm.
by the vector ( î − ĵ) (B) the block will have maximum velocity 30√5 cm/sec.
5 5
(C) the block will have maximum acceleration
30. A particle starts from a point P at a distance of A/2 15 m/s 2
from the mean position O & travels towards left as (D) the minimum potential energy of the spring will be zero.
shown in the figure. If the time period of SHM,
executed about O is T and amplitude A then the 35. The figure shows a graph between velocity and
equation of motion of particle is: displacement (from mean position) of a particle
performing SHM:

(A) x = Asin (
2π
t+ )
π (A) the time period of the particle is 1.57 s
T 6
2π 5π (B) the maximum acceleration will be 40 cm/s 2
(B) x = Asin ( t+ ) (C) the velocity of particle is 2√21 cm/s when it is at
T 6
2π π
(C) x = Acos ( t+ ) a distance 1 cm from the mean position.
T 6
2π π (D) none of these
(D) x = Acos ( t+ )
T 3
36. Two springs with negligible masses and force
31. A particle of mass m performs SHM along a straight constant of K1 = 200Nm−1 and K 2 = 160Nm−1 are
line with frequency f and amplitude A. attached to the block of mass m = 10 kg as shown in
(A) The average kinetic energy of the particle is zero. the figure. Initially the block is at rest, at the
(B) The average potential energy is mπ2 f 2 A2 . equilibrium position in which both springs are
(C) The frequency of oscillation of kinetic energy is 2 f. neither stretched nor compressed. At time t = 0, a
(D) Velocity function leads acceleration by π/2. sharp impulse of 50 Ns is given to the block with a
hammer.

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40. The equation of motion for an oscillating particle is

given by x = 3sin (4πt) + 4cos (4πt), where x is in
mm and t is in second
(A) The motion is simple harmonic
(B) The period of oscillation is 0.5 s
(C) The amplitude of oscillation is 5 mm (D)
π (D) The particle starts its motion from the
(A) Period of oscillations for the mass m is s. equilibrium
3
(B) Maximum velocity of the mass m during its
oscillation is 5 ms −1 . 41. Potential energy vs displacement graph is given for
(C) Data are insufficient to determine maximum different-different situation then for a small
velocity. displacement about position 'O' in which of the
(D) Amplitude of oscillation is 0.42 m. following motion is S.H.M.

37. A mass of 0.2 kg is attached to the lower end of a

massless spring of force-constant 200 N/m, the
upper end of which is fixed to a rigid support. Which
of the following statements is/are true?
(A) In equilibrium, the spring will be stretched by 1
cm.
(B) If the mass is raised till the spring is unstretched
state and then released, it will go down by 2 cm before
moving upwards.
(C) The frequency of oscillation will be nearly 5 Hz.
(D) If the system is taken to the moon, the frequency
of oscillation will be the same as on the earth. COMPREHENSION TYPE QUESTIONS
Paragraph for Question 42 to 44
38. The potential energy of a particle of mass 0.1 kg, The time-period of a simple pendulum performing
moving along x-axis, is given by U = 5x(x − 4)J where simple harmonic motion, having length ℓ is given
x is in metres. It can be concluded that
ℓ
(A) the particle is acted upon by a constant force. T = 2π√
(B) the speed of the particle is maximum at x = 2 m g
(C) the particle executes simple harmonic motion This formula holds good if following conditions are
(D) the period of oscillation of the particle is π/5 s. satisfied.
(i) String is massless and extensible.
39. Two blocks of masses 3 kg and 6 kg rest on a (ii) Bob is a point mass.
horizontal smooth surface. The 3 kg block is detached (iii) Angular displacement about mean position is
to a spring with a force constant k = 900Nm−1 which very small, and
is compressed 2 m from beyond the equilibrium (iv) Length of string is very small as compared to the
position. The 6 kg mass is at rest 1 m strikes the 6 kg radius of earth (R e ).
mass and the two stick together.
42. If the bob is a solid sphere of radius R and length of
string is L, then equivalent length of pendulum will be
2 R2
(A) + (R + L)
5 ( L+R)
2 R2
(B) +L
5 L
(C) R + L
(D) L

43. If the bob is a hollow spherical shell of radius R and

(A) velocity of the combined masses immediately length string is L. The time period of pendulum is T1 .
after the collision is 10 ms −1 Now bob is filled with water completes and now its
(B) velocity of the combined masses immediately time period become T2 then T1 /T2 is
after the collision is 5 ms −1 (A) = 1
(B) < 1
(C) Amplitude of the resulting oscillation is √2 m
(C) > 1
(D) Amplitude of the resulting oscillation is √5/2 m. (D) None of these

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44. Now the water of bob is completely freezes into ice block in coordinate system shown is x = 10 +
and this phenomena does not produce any change in 3sin 10t, t is in second and x in cm. Another block of
L. The new time period becomes T3 then T2 /T3 is mass M = 3 kg, moving towards the origin with
(A) = 1 velocity 30 cm/c collides with the block performing
(B) < 1 SHM at t = 0 and gets struck to it, calculate:
(C) 1
(D) None of these

45. All the phasor diagrams in column I are representing

SHM, which has same time period, same amplitude (i) new amplitude of oscillations.
and same angular frequency. The phasor moves in (ii) new equation for position of the combined body.
anticlockwise direction and projections on vertical (iii) loss of energy during collision. Neglect friction.
diameter of reference circle represent SHM.
48. Two identical balls A and B each of mass 0.1 kg are
attached to two identical massless springs. The
spring mass system is constrained to move inside a
rigid smooth pipe in the form of a circle as in fig. The
pipe is fixed in a horizontal plane. The centres of the
ball can move in a circle of radius 0.06 m. Each spring
has a natural length 0.06πm and force constant
0.1 N/m. Initially both the balls are displaced by an
angle of θ = π/6 radian with respect to diameter PQ
of the circle and released from rest

(a) Calculate the frequency of oscillation of the ball B.

(b) What is the total energy of the system.
(c) Find the speed of the ball A when A and B are at
the two ends of the diameter PQ.

49. The system shown in the figure can move on a smooth

surface. The spring is initially compressed by 6 cm
and then released. Find

(a) time period

(b) amplitude of 3 kg block
(c) maximum momentum of 6 kg block
46. A point particle of mass 0.1 kg is executing SHM with
amplitude of 0.1 m. When the particle passes through 50. A spring block (force constant k = 1000 N/m and
the mean position, its K.E. is 8 × 10−3 J. Obtain the mass m = 4 kg ) system is suspended from the ceiling
equation of motion of this particle if the initial phase of an elevator such that block is initially at rest. The
of oscillation is 45∘ . elevator begins to move upwards at t = 0.
Acceleration time graph of the elevator is shown in
47. One end of an ideal spring is fixed to a wall at origin the figure. Draw the displacement x (from its initial
O and the axis of spring is parallel to x -axis. A block position taking upwards as positive) vs time graph of
of mass m = 1 kg is attached to free end of the spring the block with respect to the elevator starting from
and it is performing SHM. Equation of position of t = 0 to t = 1sec. Take π2 = 10.

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55. Find the frequency of small oscillations of a thin

uniform vertical rod of mass m and length ℓ hinged at
the point O. The combined stiffness of the springs is
equal to x. The mass of the springs is negligible.

51. The resulting amplitude A′ and the phase of the

vibrations δ
A π A
S = Acos (ωt) + cos (ωt + ) + cos (ωt + π) +
2 2 4
A 3π
cos (ωt + ) = A′ cos (ωt + δ) are and
8 2
respectively.

52. A mass m, which is attached to a spring with spring 56. A uniform rod of mass m = 1.5 kg suspended by two
constant k, oscillates on a horizontal table, with identical threads ℓ = 90 cm in length was turned
amplitude A. At an instant when the spring is through a small angle about the vertical axis passing
stretched by
√3 A
, a second mass m is dropped through its middle point C. The threads deviated in
2 the process through an angle α = 5.0∘ . Then the rod
vertically onto the original mass and immediately was released to start performing small oscillations.
sticks to it. What is the amplitude of the resulting
motion?

53. A body of mass m fell from a height h onto the pan of

a spring balance. The masses of the pan and the
spring are negligible, the stiffness of the latter is x.
Having stuck to the pan, the body starts performing
harmonic oscillations in the vertical direction. Find
Find:
the amplitude and the energy of these oscillations.
(a) the oscillation period;
(b) the rod's oscillation energy.

57. An arrangement illustrated in Fig. consists of a

horizontal uniform disc D of mass m and radius R and
a thin rod AO whose torsional coefficient is equal to
k. Find the amplitude and the energy of small
torsional oscillations if at the initial moment the disc
was deviated through an angle ϕ0 from the
equilibrium position and then imparted an angular
velocity ω0 .
54. A pendulum is constructed as a light thin-walled
sphere of radius R filled up with water and suspended
at the point O from a light rigid rod. The distance
between the point O and the centre of the sphere is
equal to ℓ. How many times will the small oscillations
of such a pendulum change after the water freezes?
The viscosity of water and the change of its volume
on freezing are to be neglected. moves translation
wise, and the system behaves as a mathematical
pendulum.
58. A ball is suspended by a thread of length ℓ at the point
O on the wall, forming a small angle α with the
vertical. Then the thread with the ball was deviated
through a small angle β(β > α) and set free.
Assuming the collision of the ball against the wall to
be perfectly elastic, find the oscillation period of such
a pendulum.

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3. A block of mass m, lying on a smooth horizontal

surface, is attached to a spring (of negligible mass)
of spring constant k. The other end of the spring is
fixed, as shown in the figure. The block is initally at
rest in its equilibrium position. If now the block is
pulled with a constant force F, the maximum speed
of the block is:
[9 Jan, 2019]

59. A small body of mass m is fixed to the middle of a

stretched string of length 2ℓ. In the equilibrium (A)
2F
(B)
F
position the string tension is equal to T0 . Find the √mk
πF
π√mk
F
angular frequency of small oscillations of the body in (C) (D)
√mk √mk
the transverse direction. The mass of the string is
negligible, the gravitational field is absent. 4. A rod of mass ' M ' and length ' 2 L ' is suspended at
its middle by a wire. It exhibits torsional
60. Two physical pendulums perform small oscillations oscillations; If two masses each of ' m ' are attached
about the same horizontal axis with frequencies ω1 at distance ' L/2 ' from its centre on both sides, it
and ω2 . Their moments of inertia relative to the given reduces the oscillation frequency by 20%. The
axis are equal to I1 and I2 respectively. In astate of value of ratio m/M is close to:
stable equilibrium the pendulums were fastened (A) 0.77 (B) 0.57
rigidly together. What will be the frequency of small (C) 0.37 (D) 0.17
oscillations of the compound pendulum? [9 Jan, 2019]

61. A particle of mass m moves in the potential energy U 5. A particle is executing simple harmonic motion
shown above. Find the period of the motion when the (SHM) of amplitude A, along the x-axis, about x =
particle has total energy E. 0. When its potential Energy (PE) equals kinetic
energy (KE), the position of the particle will be:
A A
(A) (B)
2 2√2

A
(C) (D) A
√2
[9 Jan, 2019]

6. A simple pendulum oscillating in air has period T.

62. A particle of mass 4 kg moves between two points A The bob of the pendulum is completely immersed
and B on a smooth horizontal surface under the in a non-viscous liquid. The density of the liquid is
action of two forces such that when it is at a point P, 1
th of the material of the bob. If the bob is inside
16
the forces are 2PA⃗⃗⃗⃗ N and 2PB
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ N. If the particle is liquid all the time, its period of oscillation in this
released from rest at A, find the time it takes to travel liquid is:
a quarter of the way from A to B. [9 April, 2019]
1 1
EXERCISE - JEE MAIN (A) 2 T√ (B) 2 T√
10 14
1. A particle executes S.H.M with amplitude 'a' and
time period T. The displacement of the particle
1 1
√xa
when its speed is half of maximum speed is . The (C) 4 T√ (D) 4 T√
15 14
2
value of x is
[26 Feb, 2021] 7. A simple pendulum of length L is placed between
the plates of a parallel plate capacitor having
2. Time period of a simple pendulum is T. The time electric field E, as shown in figure. Its bob has mass
5
taken to complete oscillations starting from mean m and charge q. The time period of the pendulum is
α
8 given by:
position is T. The value of α is [10 April, 2019]
β
[26 Feb, 2021]

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(A) (B), (C) and (D)

(B) (A) and (D)
(C) (A), (B) and (C)
(D) (A), (B) and (D)

11. A block of mass m attached to a mas sless spring is

performing oscillatory motion of amplitude 'A ' on
a frictionless horizontal plane. If half of the mass of
the block breaks off when it is passing through its
(A) 2π√
L
qE
equilibrium point, the amplitude of oscillation for
(g+
m
) the remaining system become fA. The value of f is
L [3 Sep, 2020]
(B) 2π 1
√√√ q2 E2
(A) (B) √2
√2
g2 − 1
m2
(C) 1 (D)
2
L
(C) 2π√ qE
(g−
m
) 12. A ring is hung on a nail. It can oscillate, without
L slipping or sliding (i) in its plane with a time period
(D) 2π√ 2 T1 and, (ii) back and forth in a direction
√g2 +(qE)
m perpendicular to its plane, with a period T2 . The
T
ratio 1 will be
T2
8. The displacement of a damped harmonic oscillator
[5 Sep, 2020]
is given by x(t) = e−0.1t ⋅ cos (10πt + φ). Here t is √2 2
in seconds. The time taken for its amplitude of (A) (B)
3 √3
vibration to drop to half of its initial value is close (C)
2
(D)
3
to: 3 √2

[10 April, 2019]

(A) 4 s (B) 7 s 13. In the given figure, a mass M is attached to a
(C) 13 s (D) 27 s horizontal spring which is fixed on one side to a
rigid support. The spring constant of the spring is
9. A loop of radius R and mass m is placed in a uniform k. The mass oscillates on a frictionless surface with
magnetic field B with its plane perpendicular to the time period T and amplitude A. When the mass is in
field. Current I is flowing in it. Now loop is slightly equilibrium position, as shown in the figure,
rotated about its diameter and released. Find time another mass m is gently fixed upon it. The new
period of oscillation. amplitude of oscillation will be –
[9 Jan, 2020]
πm 2πm
(A) 2√ (B) √
IB IB
m m
(C) 2√ (D) √
πIB πIB

10. The displacement time graph of a particle M M

executing S.H.M is given in figure (sketch is (A) A√ (B) A√
M+m M−m
schematic and not to scale)
M−m M+m
(C) A√ (D) A√
M M
[24 Feb, 2021]

14. When a particle executes SHM, the nature of

Which of the following statements is/are true for graphical representation of velocity as a function of
this motion? [2 Sep, 2020] displacement is:
(A) The force is zero at t =
3T [24 Feb, 2021]
4
(A) elliptical
(B) The acceleration is maximum at t = T
T (B) parabolic
(C) The speed is maximum at t = (C) straight line
4
(D) The P.E. is equal to K.E. of the oscillation at t =
T
(D) circular
2

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15. In the given figure, a body of mass M is held 19. The equation of a particle executing simple
between two massless springs, on a smooth 1
harmonic motion is given by x = sin π (t + ) m.
inclined plane. The free ends of the springs are 3
At t = 1 s, the speed of particle will be
attached to firm supports. If each spring has spring
[27th June 2022]
constant k, the frequency of oscillation of given
(Given : π = 3.14 )
body is: [24 Feb, 2021]
(A) 0 cm s −1
(B) 157 cm s −1
(C) 272 cm s −1
(D) 314 cm s −1

20. In figure (A), mass ' 2 m is fixed on mass ' m ' which
is attached to two springs of spring constant k. In
figure (B), mass ' m ' is attached to two springs of
1 2k 1 k
(A) √Mg sin α (B) √Mgsin α spring constant ' k ' and ' 2k ′ . If mass ' m ' in (A) and
2π 2π
in (B) are displaced by distance ' x ' horizontally
and then released, then time period T1 and T2
1 2k 1 k
(C) √ (D) √ corresponding to (A) and (B) respectively follow
2π M 2π 2M
the relation.
[25th July 2022]
16. If the time period of a two meter long simple
pendulum is 2 s, the acceleration due to gravity at
the place where pendulum is executing S.H.M. is:
[25 Feb, 2021]
(A) 2π2 ms −2 (B) 16 m/s 2
(C) 9.8 ms −2 (D) π2 ms −2

17. Two identical spring of spring constant ' 2 K ′ ' are

attached to a block of mass m and to fixed support (A)
T1
=
3
T2
(see figure). When the mass is displaced from √2

equilibrium position on either side, it executes (B)

T1
=√
3
T2 2
simple harmonic motion. Then time period of
oscillations of this system is: (C)
T1
=√
2
T2 3
T1 √2
(D) =
T2 3

21. When a particle executes Simple Hormonic Motion,

the nature of graph of velocity as a function of
displacement will be :
[26th July 2022]
(A) Circular
m m (B) Elliptical
(A) π√ (B) π√
k 2k (C) Sinusoidal
(D) Straight line
m m
(C) 2π√ (D) 2π√ 22. The time period of oscillation of a simple pendulum
k 2k
[25 Feb, 2021] of length L suspended from the roof of a vehicle,
which moves without friction down an inclined
18. The displacement of simple harmonic oscillator plane of inclination α, is given by:
after 3 seconds starting from its mean position is [29th July 2023]
equal to half of its amplitude. The time period of (A) 2π√L/(gcos α)
harmonic motion is : (B) 2π√L/(gsin α)
[27th June 2022]
(C) 2π√L/g
(A) 6 s
(B) 8 s (D) 2π√L/(gtan α)
(C) 12 s
(D) 36 s

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23. T is the time period of simple pendulum on the 27. A particle executes S.H.M. of amplitude A along x -
earth's surface. Its time period becomes x T when axis. At t = 0, the position of the particle is x =
A
2
taken to a height R (equal to earth's radius) above
and it moves along positive x -axis. The
the earth's surface. Then, the value of x will be:
displacement of particle in time t is x = A sin (wt +
[25th Jan. 2023]
δ, then the value of δ will be
(A) 4
1 [10th April 2023]
(B) (A)
π
2
2
(C) 2 π
1 (B)
(D) 3
π
4 (C)
4
π
24. The maximum potential energy of a block executing (D)
6
simple harmonic motion is 25 J. A is amplitude of
oscillation. At A/2, the kinetic energy of the block is 28. The variation of kinetic energy (KE) of a particle
[31th Jan. 2023] executing simple harmonic motion with the
(A) 9.75 J displacement (x) starting from mean position to
(B) 37.5 J extreme position (A) is given by
(C) 18.75 J [11th April 2023]
(D) 12.5 J

25. Choose the correct length (L) versus square of the

time period (T2) graph for a simple pendulum
executing simple harmonic motion.
[1st Feb. 2023]

29. Which graph represents the difference between

total energy and potential energy of a particle
26. A mass m is attached to two strings as shown in executing SHM vs it's distance from mean position
figure. The spring constants of two springs are K1 ?
and K 2 . For the frictionless surface, the time period [13th April 2023]
of oscillation of mass m is :
[6th April 2023]

m
(A) 2π√
K1 +K2
m
(B) 2π√
K1 −K2

1 K1 +K2
(C) √
2π m
1 K1 −K2
(D) √
2π m

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30. In a linear Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) 2. Two masses m1 and m2 connected by a light spring of
[15th April 2023] natural length ℓ0 is compressed completely and tied
(A) Restoring force is directly proportional to the by a string. This system while moving with a velocity
displacement. v0 along +ve x -axis pass through the origin at t = 0.
(B) The acceleration and displacement are At this position the string snaps. Position of mass m1
opposite in direction. at time t is given by the equation x1 (t) = v0 t − A(1 −
(C) The velocity is maximum at mean position. cos ωt).
(D) The acceleration is minimum at extreme Calculate:
points. (i) position of the particle m2 as a function of time.
Choose the correct answer from the options given (ii) ℓ0 in terms of A.
below: [IIT-JEE 2003]
(A) (A), (B) and (D) only
(B) (C) and (D) only 3. A block P of mass m is placed on a frictionless
(C) (A), (B) and (C) Only horizontal surface. Another block Q of same mass is
(D) (A), (C) and (D) only kept on P and connected to the wall with the help of a
spring of spring constant k as shown in the figure, μs
31. In simple harmonic motion, the total mechanical is the coefficient of friction between P and Q. The
energy of given system is E. If mass of oscillating block move together performing SHM of amplitude A.
particle P is doubled then the new energy of the The maximum value of the friction force between P
system for same amplitude is: and Q is
[4th April 2024] [IIT-JEE 2004]

(A) kA
kA
(B)
2
(C) zero
(D) μs mg
(A) E/√2
(B) 2E 4. A simple pendulum has time period T1 . The point of
(C) E√2 suspension is now moved upward according to the
(D) E relation y = Kt 2 , ( K = 1 m/s 2 ) where y is the vertical
displacement. The time period now becomes T2 . The
EXERCISE - JEE ADVANCED T2
1. For a particle executing SHM the displacement x given ratio of 1
is: (g = 10 m/s 2 )
T2
2
by x = Acos ωt. Identify the graph which represents [IIT-JEE 2005]
the variation of potential energy (PE) as a function of (A)
6
5
time t and displacement x: 5
[IIT-JEE 2003] (B)
6
(C) 1
4
(D)
5

5. A small body attached to one end of a vertically

hanging spring is performing SHM about the mean
position with angular frequency ω and amplitude a. If
at a height y from the mean position the body gets
detached from the spring, calculate the value of y so
(A) I, III that the height H attained by the mass is maximum.
(B) II, IV The body does not interact with the spring during it's
(C) II, III subsequent motion after detachment. (Aω2 > g).
(D) I, IV [IIT-JEE 2005]

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6. Function: x = Asin2 ωt + Bcos 2 ωt + Csin ωtcos ωt

represents SHM:-
[IIT-JEE 2006]
(A) for any value of A, B and C (except C = 0 )
(B) if A = −B, C = 2B, amplitude = |B√2|
(C) if A = B; C = 0
(D) if A = B; C = 2 B, amplitude = |B|

7. A block (B) is attached to two unstretched springs S1 Paragraph for Q. 9 to Q. 11

and S2 with spring constants k and 4k, respectively A uniform thin cylindrical disk of mass M and radius
(see figure I). The other ends are attached to identical R is attached to two identical massless springs of
supports M1 and M2 not attached to the walls. The spring constant k which are fixed to the wall as shown
springs and supports have negligible mass..There is in the figure. The springs are attached to the axle of
no friction anywhere. The block B is displaced the disk symmetrically on either side at a distance d
towards wall 1 by a small distance x (figure II) and from its centre. The axle is massless and both the
released. springs and the axle are in a horizontal plane. The
[IIT-JEE 2008] unstrethced length of each spring is L. The disk is
initially at its equilibrium position with its centre of
mass (CM) at a distance L from the wall. The disk rolls
without slipping with velocity ⃗V0 = V0 î. The
coefficient of friction is μ.
[IIT-JEE 2008]

The block returns and moves a maximum distance y

towards wall 2. displacements x and y are measured
with respect to the equilibrium position of the block
y
B. The ratio is
x
(A) 4
(B) 2
1
(C)
2
1
(D)
4

8. Column I gives a list of possible set of parameters 9. The net external force acting on the disk when its
measured in some experiments. The variations of the centre of mass is at displacement x with respect to its
parameters in the form of graphs are shown in equilibrium position is
Column II. Match the set of parameters given Column (A) −kx
I with the graphs given in Column II. Indicate your (B) −2kx
2kx
answer by darkening the appropriate bubbles of the (C) −
3
4 × 4 matrix given in the ORS. 4kx
(D) −
[IIT-JEE 2008] 3

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10. The centre of mass of the disk undergoes simple 14. A uniform rod of length L and mass M is pivoted at the
harmonic motion with angular frequency ω equal to centre. Its two ends are attached to two springs of
k equal spring constant k. The springs are fixed to rigid
(A) √ supports as shown in the figure, and the rod is free to
M
2k oscillate in the horizontal plane. The rod is gently
(B) √ pushed through a small angle θ in one direction and
M
2k released. The frequency of oscillation is:
(C) √ [IIT-JEE 2009]
3M
4k
(D) √
3M

11. The maximum value of V0 for which the disk will roll
without slipping is
M
(A) μg√
k
M
(B) μg√
2k
1 2k
(C) μg√
3M (A) √
k 2π M
1 k
(D) μg√
5M (B) √
2k 2π M
1 6k
(C) √
12. The x-t graph of a particle undergoing simple 2π M

harmonic motion is shown below. The acceleration of 1 24k

(D) √
the particle at t = 4/3 s is 2π M
[IIT-JEE 2009]
Paragraph for Q. 15 to Q. 17
When a particle of mass m moves on the x-axis in a
potential of the form V(x) = kx 2 , it performs simple
harmonic motion. The corresponding time period is
m
proportional to √ , as can be seen easily using
k
dimensional analysis. However, the motion of a
√3
(A) π2 cm/s 2 particle can be periodic even when its potential
32
−π2 energy increases on both sides of x = 0 in a way
(B) cm/s 2
32 different from kx 2 and its total energy is such that the
π2
(C) cm/s 2 particle does not escape to infinity. Consider a
32
√3 particle of mass m moving on the x-axis. Its potential
(D) − π2 cm/s 2 energy is V(x) = αx 4 (α > 0) for |x| near the origin
32
and becomes a constant equal to V0 for |x| ≥ X0 (see
13. The mass M shown in the figure oscillates in simple figure)
harmonic motion with amplitude A. The amplitude of [IIT-JEE 2010]
the point P is:
[IIT-JEE 2009]

k1 A
(A) 15. If the total energy of the particle is E, it will perform
k2
(B)
k2 A periodic motion only if:
k1 (A) E < 0
k1 A
(C) (B) E > 0
k1 +k2
k2 A (C) V0 > E > 0
(D) (D) E > V0
k1 +k2

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16. For periodic motion of small amplitude A, the time

period T of this particle is proportional to:
m
(A) A√
α
1 m
(B) √α
A
α
(C) A√
m
1 α
(D) √m
A

17. The acceleration of this particle for |x| > X0 is:

(A) proportional to V0
V
(B) proportional to 0
mX0
V0
(C) proportional to √
mX0
(D) zero 20. The phase space diagram for simple harmonic motion
is a circle centered at the origin. In the figure, the two
18. A 0.1 kg mass is suspended from a wire of negligible circles represent the same oscillator but for different
mass. The length of the wire is 1 m and its cross- initial conditions, and E1 and E2 are the total
sectional area is 4.9 × 10−7 m2 . If the mass is pulled a mechanical energies respectively. Then
little in the vertically downward direction and
released, it performs simple harmonic motion of
angular frequency 140rads −1. If the Young's modulus
of the material of the wire is n × 109 Nm−2 , the value
of n is
[IIT JFE 2010]

COMPREHENSION TYPE QUESTIONS Paragraph for Q. 19

to Q. 21
Phase space diagrams are useful tools in analyzing all
kinds of dynamical problems. They are especially
useful in studying the changes in motion as initial
position and momentum are changed. Here we
consider some simple dynamical systems in one- (A) E1 = √2E2
dimension. For such systems, phase space is a plane (B) E1 = 2E2
in which position is plotted along horizontal axis and (C) E1 = 4E2
momentum is plotted along vertical axis. The phase (D) E1 = 16E2
space diagram is x(t) vs. p(t) curve in this plane. The
arrow on the curve indicates the time flow. For 21. Consider the spring-mass system, with the mass
example, the phase space diagram for a particle submerged in water, as shown in the figure. The
moving with constant velocity is a straight line as phase space diagram for one cycle of this system is:
shown in the figure. We use the sign convention in
which position or momentum. upwards (or to right)
is positive and downwards (or to left) is negative.

19. The phase space diagram for a ball thrown vertically

up from ground is:

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(A) √50 m/s

(B) √51 m/s
(C) √52 m/s
(D) √53 m/s

25. Two identical discs of same radius R are rotating

about their axes in opposite directions with the same
22. A point mass is subjected to two simultaneous constant angular speed ω. The discs are in the same
sinusoidal displacements in x-direction, x1 (t) = horizontal plane. At time t = 0, the points P and Q are
2π
Asin ωt and x2 (t) = Asin (ωt + ). Adding a third facing each other as shown in the figure. The relative
3 speed between the two points P and Q is vr . In one
sinusoidal displacement x3 (t) = B sin (ωt + ϕ) time period (T) of rotation of the discs, vr as a
brings the mass to a complete rest. The values of B function of time is best represented by
and ϕ are
3π 4π
(A) √2 A, (B) A,
4 3
5π π
(C) √3 A, (D) A,
6 3

23. A metal rod of length ' L ' and mass ' m ' is pivoted at
one end. A thin disk of mass ' M ' and radius ' R ' (< L)
is attached at its center to the free end of the rod.
Consider two ways the disc is attached: (case A). The
disc is not free to rotate about its center and (case B)
the disc is free to rotated about its center. The rod-
disc system performs SHM in vertical plane after
being released from the same displaced position.
Which of the following statement(s) is(are) true?
[IIT-JEE 2011]
(A) Restoring torque in case A = Restoring torque in
case B
(B) Restoring torque in case A < Restoring torque in 26. A particle of mass m is attached to one end of a mass-
case B less spring of force constant k, lying on a frictionless
(C) Angular frequency for case A > Angular horizontal plane. The other end of the spring is fixed.
frequency for case B The particle starts moving horizontally from its
(D) Angular frequency for case A < Angular equilibrium position at time t = 0 with an initial
frequency for case B velocity u0 . When the speed of the particle is 0.5u0 , it
collies elastically with a rigid wall. After this collision:
24. A small block is connected to one end of a massless [IIT-JEE 2013]
spring of un-stretched length 4.9 m. The other end of (A) the speed of the particle when it returns to its
the spring (see the figure) is fixed. The system lies on equilibrium position is u0 .
a horizontal frictionless surface. The block is (B) the time at which the particle passes through the
stretched by 0.2 m and released from rest at t = 0. It m
equilibrium position for the first time is t = π√ .
then executes simple harmonic motion with angular k
π
frequency ω = rad/s. Simultaneously at t = 0, a (C) the time at which the maximum compression of
3
small pebble is projected with speed v from point P at the spring occurs is t =
4π m
√k.
an angle of 45∘ as shown in the figure. Point P is at a 3

horizontal distance of 10 cm from O. If the pebble hits (D) the time at which the particle passes throughout
the block at t = 1 s, the value of v is (take g = the equilibrium position for the second time is t =
10 m/s 2 ) 5π m
√k.
[IIT-JEE-2012] 3

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27. Two independent harmonic oscillators of equal mass 29. A block with mass M is connected by a massless
are oscillating about the origin with angular spring with stiffness constant k to a rigid wall and
frequencies ω1 and ω2 and have total energies E1 and moves without friction on a horizontal surface. The
E2 , respectively. The variations of their momenta p block oscillates with small amplitude A about an
a
with positions x are shown in the figures. If = n2 equilibrium position x0 . Consider two cases: (i) when
b
a the block is at x0 ; and (ii) when the block is at x =
and = n, then the correct equation (s) is (are)
R x0 + A. In both the cases, a particle with mass m(<
[IIT-JEE -2015] M) is softly placed on the block after which they stick
to each other. Which of the following statement(s) is
(are) true about the motion after the mass m is placed
on the mass M ?
[IIT-JEE 2016]
(A) The amplitude of oscillation in the first case
M
changes by a factor of √ , whereas in the second
m+M

(A) E1 ω1 = E2 ω2 case it remains unchanged

ω
(B) 2 = n2 (B) The final time period of oscillation in both the
ω1 cases is same
(C) ω1 ω2 = n2 (C) The total energy decreases in both the cases
E E
(D) 1 = 2 (D) The instantaneous speed at x0 of the combined
ω1 ω2
masses decreases in both the cases
28. A particle of unit mass is moving along the x-axis
under the influence of a force and its total energy is 30. A spring-block system is resting on a frictionless floor
conserved. Four possible forms of the potential as shown in the figure. The spring constant is
energy of the particle are given in column I (a and U0 2.0 N m m−1 and the mass of the block is 2.0 kg.
are constants). Match the potential energies in Ignore the mass of the spring. Initially the spring is in
column I to the corresponding statement(s) in an unstretched condition. Another block of mass 1.0
column II. kg moving with a speed of 2.0 ms −1 collides
Column I Column II elastically with the first block. The collision is such
U0 x 2
2 that the 2.0 kg block does not hit the wall. The
(A) U1 (x) = [1 − ( ) ] (P) The force distance, in metres, between the two blocks when the
2 a
acting on the spring returns to its unstretched position for the first
particle is zero at time after the collision is ________.
x = a. [JEE-Advance (P1) 2018]
U0 x 2
(B) U2 (x) = () (Q) The force
2 a
acting on the
particle is zero at
x = 0.
U0 x 2 x 2
(C) U3 (x) = ( ) exp [− ( ) ] (R) The force
2 a a
acting on the
particle is zero at
x = a.
U0 x 1 x 3
(D) U4 (x) = [ − ( ) ] (S) The particle
2 a 3 a
experiences an
attractive force
towards x = 0 in
the region |x| <
a.
(T) The particle
with total energy
can oscillate
about the point
x = a.

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ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE - I
1. A 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. B
9. B 10. A 11. B 12. A 13. A 14. A 15. C 16. C
17. D 18. A 19. A 20. C 21. C 22. C 23. C 24. D
25. B 26. AC 27. AC 28. AC 29. AB 30. D 31. B 32. B
33. A 34. B 35. BCD
36. (A)→ Q; (B)→ P; (C)→ R; (D)→S;
37. B 38. B 39. A 40. C 41. A 42. B 43. C 44. B
45. D 46. C 47. B 48. C 49. 2 m/s 50. 1.8a
51. (i) x0 = 2 m; (ii) T = √2p sec.; (iii) 2√3
1 β
52. 0.06 m 53. √ 54. 1/√3 55. 100Nm−1
2π α
11 π 11
56. (a) m, (b) 5 sec., (c) x = 0.2 − cos ωt
5 5
17 L 2
57. 2π√18 g 58. (a) 2 sec, (b) T = 51/4 sec

5√37 1 1 g L k
59. 10/πHz, cm 60. (a) = 2π √L, (b) 3 61. ω = √(m+6M)
6 T

g π ℓ R
62. (a) T = mg + mgA2 sin2 t√ℓ ; (b) t = (2n + 1) 2 √g ; n ∈ I; Tmax = mg + mgA2 63.
√2

EXERCISE - II
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. D 7. C 8. B
9. D 10. B 11. C 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. A 16. A
17. B 18. B 19. A 20. A 21. C 22. A 23. D 24. CD
25. ACD 26. BC 27. ABCD 28. ABC 29. AC 30. BD 31. BC 32. AC
33. BC 34. BCD 35. ABC 36. AB 37. ABCD 38. BCD 39. AC
40. ABC 41. AC 42. A 43. C 44. B
45. (A)→QS; (B)→PQRT; (C)→ QS; (D)→ PQRT
46. y = 0.1sin (4t + π/4) 47. 3 cm, x = 10 − 3sin 5t; ΔE = 0.135 J
1 π
48. f= π
;E 2
= 4π × 10 −5
J; v = 2π × 10 −2
m/s 49. (a) 10 sec, (b) 4 cm, (c) 2.40 kg m/s.

50.

3√5 A 1 7 1 mg 2
51. 8
, tan−1 (2) 52. √8 A 53. a = (mg/x)√1 + 2hx/mg, 2 x (a + x
)

2 R 2
54. Will increase √1 + 5 ( ℓ ) times. It is taken into around here that the water (when in liquid phase)

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3g 2xℓ ℓ 1
55. ω = √ 2 (1 + mg ) 56. (a) T = 2π√3 g = 1.1 s; (b) E = 2 mgℓα2 = 0.05 J
1
57. ϕm = ϕ0 √1 + mR2 ω20 /2kϕ20 , E = 2 mgϕ2m 58. 4.20Ir, T = 2√(l/g)[π/2 + sin−1 (α/β)]
2T
59. ω = √ mℓ0 60. ω = √(I1 ω12 − I2 ω22 )/(I1 + I2 )
π
61. π√m/k + 2√2E/mg 2 62. 3
s

EXERCISE - JEE MAIN

1. (3) 2. (7) 3. (D) 4. (C) 5. (C)
6. (C) 7. (D) 8. (B) 9. (B) 10. (C)
11. (A) 12. (B) 13. (A) 14. (A) 15. (A)
16. (A) 17. (A) 18. (D) 19. (B) 20. (A)
21. (B) 22. (A) 23. (C) 24. (C) 25. (D)
26. (A) 27. (D) 28. (C) 29. (A) 30. (C)
31. (D)

EXERCISE - JEE ADVANCED

m1 m
1. A 2. (i) x2 = v0 t + m A(1 − cos ωt); (ii) ℓ0 = (m1 + 1) A
2 2
mg g
3. B 4. C 5. y= = ω2 < a 6. ABD 7. C
k
8. (A)→ PS; (B)→ QRS; (C)→ S; (D)→Q
9. D 10. D 11. C 12. D 13. D 14. C 15. C 16. B
17. D 18. 4 19. D 20. C 21. B 22. B 23. A 24. D
25. A 26. AD 27. BD
28. (A)→PQRT; (B) →QS; (C) →PQRS; (D) →PRT 29. ABD 30. 2.09

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