ALE B315 EDITING & PUBLISHING 2

END OF SEMESTER 2 2021/2022 EXAM

BACHELOR OF ARTS IN ENGLISH & LINGUISTICS

INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER QUESTION ONE & ANY OTHER TWO

2HOURS

QUESTION ONE

a) Define the following concepts in relation to editing and publishing

i. Copy Editing
ii. Manuscript
iii. Layout
iv. Illustration
v. Publishing (10 Marks)
b) Discuss the importance of proofreading and giving the appropriate layout of a copy
(10 Marks)
c) Explain why writers should cite sources in their work (6 Marks)

QUESTION TWO

a) Explain the reasons why some writers plagiarise. (10 Marks)

b) Describe the grammatical errors that need to be corrected in a copy of a manuscript.
(12 Marks)

QUESTION THREE

a) Describe the various technological tools available for copy editing. (8 Marks)
b) Discuss the various editorial decisions that an editor should make while working with an
author. (14 Marks)

QUESTION FOUR

Imagine you have been tasked with the role of assisting an author to publish a book, discuss the
stages that will be involved. (22 Marks)

QUESTION FIVE

Describe the ethical and legal issues that an editor should adhere to while discharging his or her
duties. (22 Marks)
 UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2020/2021 ACADEMIC YEAR
3rd YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS &
BED (ARTS)
COURSE CODE/ TITLE: ALE B315 EDITING AND PUBLISHING II
END OF SEMESTER: II DURATION: 2 HOURS
DAY/TIME: WEDNESDAY 12.00 – 2.00PM DATE: 18/8/21 (SBS 002)

INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER QUESTION ONE AND ANY OTHER TWO QUESTIONS

QUESTION ONE
a. Discuss the writing process. (18 marks)
b. Explain the consequences of plagiarism. (8 marks)

QUESTION TWO
a. What is a manuscript? (6 marks)
b. Describe manuscript appraisal or assessment in a publishing firm. (16 marks)

QUESTION THREE
a. Differentiate between reference list and bibliography. (6 marks)
b. Explain why it is important for writers to cite sources of their information as they
write. (16 marks)

QUESTION FOUR
a. Discuss the concept of Intellectual Property Rights to an editor. (12 marks)
b. Explain the following concepts in IPR (10 marks)
I. Trade mark
II. Patent
III. Copy right
IV. Counterfeit

QUESTION FIVE
Discuss the various types of editors and their roles in a publishing firm. (22 marks)
1 of 2
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2022/2023 ACADEMIC YEAR
3RD YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF
EDUCATION AND BACHELOR OF ARTS
COURSE CODE/TITLE: ALE B315: EDITING & PUBLISHING 2

END OF SEMESTER:II DURATION: 2 HOURS

DAY/TIME:FRIDAY:9.00 TO 11.00 A.M. DATE:12/5/2023 (PF 3)

INSTRUCTIONS
Answer Question ONE and any other TWO.
Question One
(a) In what ways is publishing related to the proliferation and expansion of knowledge
and information for human development? (16 marks)
(b) Briefly explain why editing is essential in the process of publication. (8 marks)
Question Two
(a) Discuss the initial steps that are envisaged by communication experts towards
the establishment of an accomplished write-up. (13 marks)

(b) What considerations are central in the author selection of genre of writing, style of
writing, and even the choice of channel for use in the delivery of communicative
content? (10 marks)

Question Three

Describe in detail what expository writing is about, what its salient features are, and
what a writer ought to do or not do in order to accomplish the set communicative
goals. (23 marks)

Page 1 of 2
Question Four

(a) Discuss the essence of homodiegetic and heterodiegetic techniques of

narration, using at least two examples (16 marks)

(b) Explain the reasons why an author may choose one of the techniques in lieu
of the other. (7 marks)

Question Five

(a) Give an account of the editorial process from the moment the ‘draft’ is placed
on the editor’s desk to the moment ‘draft’ is adopted for inclusion in a
publication outlet. (15 marks)

(b)When is Proof reading done, and what is its importance? (8 marks)

Page 2 of 2
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2022/2023 ACADEMIC YEAR
3RD YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF
EDUCATION AND BACHELOR OF ARTS
COURSE CODE/TITLE: ALE B315: EDITING & PUBLISHING 2

END OF SEMESTER:II DURATION: 2 HOURS

DAY/TIME:FRIDAY:9.00 TO 11.00 A.M. DATE:12/5/2023 (PF 3)

INSTRUCTIONS
Answer Question ONE and any other TWO.
Question One
(a) In what ways is publishing related to the proliferation and expansion of knowledge
and information for human development? (16 marks)
(b) Briefly explain why editing is essential in the process of publication. (8 marks)
Question Two
(a) Discuss the initial steps that are envisaged by communication experts towards
the establishment of an accomplished write-up. (13 marks)

(b) What considerations are central in the author selection of genre of writing, style of
writing, and even the choice of channel for use in the delivery of communicative
content? (10 marks)

Question Three

Describe in detail what expository writing is about, what its salient features are, and
what a writer ought to do or not do in order to accomplish the set communicative
goals. (23 marks)

Page 1 of 2
Question Four

(a) Discuss the essence of homodiegetic and heterodiegetic techniques of

narration, using at least two examples (16 marks)

(b) Explain the reasons why an author may choose one of the techniques in lieu
of the other. (7 marks)

Question Five

(a) Give an account of the editorial process from the moment the ‘draft’ is placed
on the editor’s desk to the moment ‘draft’ is adopted for inclusion in a
publication outlet. (15 marks)

(b)When is Proof reading done, and what is its importance? (8 marks)

Page 2 of 2
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2021/2022 ACADEMIC YEAR
3RD YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF
EDUCATION (ARTS) AND BACHELOR OF (ARTS)
COURSE CODE/TITLE:ALE B315:EDITING AND PUBLISHING II

END OF SEMESTER:I DURATION: 2 HOURS

DAY/TIME:FRIDAY:9.00 TO 11.00 A.M. DATE:3/12/2021(H4)

INSTRUCTIONS
Answer question ONE and any other TWO.
Question One
a) Describe FIVE ways in which book publishing has contributed to the development of
education in the 21st century. (10 marks)
b) Outline FOUR types of editors and the role they play in the publishing process.
(8 marks)
c) Describe FOUR ways in which ICT is used in book publishing. (8 marks)
Question Two
a) Kenyan’s have a poor reading culture. Discuss this in relation to the publishing
industry in Kenya. (12 marks)
b) Describe the writing process. (10 marks)
Question Three
a) Discuss how government legislation affects the publishing industry in Kenya.
(10 marks)
b) Write an essay entitled: Should parents be held responsible for the crimes of
their children? (12 marks)

Page 1 of 2
Question Four
Explain the following terms as used in editing and publishing
a. Trade name
b. Patent
c. Copy right
d. IPR
e. Difference between counterfeit and forgery (22 marks)
Question Five
Describe the editorial process in a publishing company. (22 marks)

Page 2 of 2
 UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2016/2017 ACADEMIC YEAR

3RD YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF

ARTS

SPECIAL/SUPPLEMENTARY EXAM

COURSE CODE/ TITLE: ALE B304 SECOND LANGUAGE

ACQUISITION

END OF SEMESTER: II DURATION: 3 HOURS

DAY/TIME: TUESDAY 9.00 – 12.00 PM DATE: 12/9/2017

INSTRUCTIONS:
Answer question ONE and any other TWO questions

Question One (Compulsory)

Distinguish between the following set of concepts as used in second language
acquisition studies:

a) First language and second language. (4 marks)

b) Interlanguage and L1 transfer (4 marks)
c) Behaviorist and innatist perspective to first language learning. (6 marks)
d) Natural language learning setting and instructional language learning setting.
(4 marks)
e) Errors and mistakes (2 marks)
f) Positive and negative transfer (4 marks)

Question Two
Discuss contrastive analysis as a hypothesis of second language acquisition.
(22 marks)

Question Three
a) Explain the role of learners’ own output in second language acquisition.
(10 marks)
b) How is language input important to a second language learner? (10 marks)

Question Four
Summarize the claims of behaviorist psychology on second language acquisition using
the concepts of habits and errors. (20 marks)

Page 1 of 2
Question Five
Explain any five hypotheses of the Stephen Krashen’s theory of second language
acquisition and learning. (20 marks)

Page 2 of 2
 UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2014/2015 ACADEMIC YEAR

1ST YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTERS IN ARTS

COURSE CODE/ TITLE: ARE G851 ISLAM IN EAST AFRICA

END OF SEMESTER: II DURATION: 3 HOURS

DAY/TIME: WEDNESDAY 3.00-6.00PM DATE: 15/4/15 – MT2

Instructions:
Answer any THREE questions.

Question One
Discuss the significance of the maulidi ritual as performed in East Africa under the
following:

a) Maulidi as unifying the global and the local. (8 marks)

b) Maulidi as discourse of internal pluralism. (6 marks)
c) Maulidi as manifestations of external reformism. (6 marks)

Question Two
“Debates on Islamic practices in East Africa are a reflection of a strong influence of
recent Islamic reformism.” Identify the debates and discuss those using ideas of
different ulama. (20 marks)

Question Three
Discuss the different ways in which colonial and post-colonial governments in East
Africa come to terms with „Islamic popular culture.‟ (20 marks)

Question Four
Using examples from East Africa discuss the following: (20 marks)
a) Islam in Africa
b) African Islam

Question Five
Discuss the biography of one Islamic reformer in East Africa. (20 marks)

Page 1 of 1
 UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2019/2020 ACADEMIC YEAR

3RD YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF

ARTS

COURSE CODE/ TITLE: ALE B304 SECOND LANGUAGE

ACQUISITION

END OF SEMESTER: II DURATION: 2 HOURS

DAY/TIME:THURSDAY 9.00 – 11.00 AM DATE:14/01/21 (GF001)

INSTRUCTIONS
Answer Question ONE and any other TWO Questions

Question One

a) Describe any three practical problems that applied linguistics attempts to solve.
(9 marks)
b) Discuss any three criticisms that have been levelled at the Contrastive Analysis
Hypothesis. (12 marks)

c) Suggest three ways in which the Behaviourist approach is of practical use to the
teacher of English as a second language? (9 marks)

Question Two

Discuss the notion of “distance” in the Acculturation model. (20 marks)

Question Three

a) Discuss the steps you would follow in carrying out an error analysis. (15 marks)

b) Using relevant examples, describe any three interlingual errors that can occur in
learning a second language. (5 marks)

1 of 2
Question Four

With suitable illustrations, distinguish the following concepts as used in Second

Language Acquisition studies:

a) Mistakes and errors

b) Language learning and language acquisition
c) Second Language and foreign language
d) Semantic simplification and linguistic simplification
e) Fossilization and backsliding.

Question Five

Discuss any four hypotheses of Krashen’s Monitor model and show how their
knowledge is relevant to a language teacher. (20 marks)

2 of 2
 UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2017/2018 ACADEMIC YEAR

INSTITUTIONAL BASED

3rd YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF

EDUCATION (ARTS), BACHELOR OF EDUCATION (SPECIAL NEEDS)

COURSE CODE/TITLE: ALE B304 SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

END OF SEMESTER: I DURATION: 2 HOURS

DAY/TIME: WEDNESDAY:9.00- 11.00AM DATE:10/04/2018 (NEW LIB)

Question One

a) Explain the following terms in Second Language Acquisition giving examples where
possible (12 marks)

(i) Interlanguage

(ii) Fossilization

(iii) Language Acquisition

(iv) Error

b) Giving clear examples, distinguish between a foreign and second language. (4 marks)

c) Explain the Second Language Acquisition concept of overgeneralization. (4 marks)

d) Differentiate between intralingual and interlingual errors giving examples. (6 marks)

Question two

a) Discuss the following hypotheses of the Monitor Model:

i. Monitor Hypothesis (8 marks)
ii. Input hypothesis (8 marks)

Page 1 of 2
 b) In which three ways can knowledge of the hypotheses in (a) benefit a language teacher.
(6 marks)

Question three

a) With clear examples explain the following concepts in relation to the Interlanguage theory:
i. Hypothesis-testing. (4 marks)
ii. Fossilization (4 marks)
iii. Interlanguage continuum (4 marks)

b) Describe five possible implications of the Interlanguage Theory to second language

acquisition. (10 marks)

Question four

Explain any four simplification strategies that learner language may employ as they strive to
acquire a second language. (22 marks)

Question five

Discuss why Chomsky's perspective of Universal Grammar isn’t sufficient in explaining second
language acquisition. (22 marks)

Page 2 of 2
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2022/2023 ACADEMIC YEAR

3RD YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF

EDUCATION AND BACHELOR OF ARTS

COURSE CODE/TITLE: ALE B304: SECOND LANGUAGE

ACQUISITION

END OF SEMESTER:II DURATION: 2 HOURS

DAY/TIME:TUESDAY:12.00 TO 2.00 P.M. DATE:9/5/23(SBN 339 +SBS 339)

INSTRUCTIONS

Answer question One and any other Two

Question One

a. Elaborate on four ways in which developing competence in your mother tongue

differed from your second language (8 marks)

b. Examine four linguistic levels in which interlanguage errors may occur in Second
Language Acquisition. (12 marks)
c. To what extent is the Behaviorist view inadequate in fully explaining the process
of language acquisition. (6 marks)

Question Two

Demonstrate how distance, according to the Acculturation Model, can hinder the
acquisition of a second language. (22 marks)

Question Three

Distinguish the following concepts as used in Second Language Acquisition studies:

a. Foreign language and second language

b. Semantic simplification and linguistic simplification

Page 1 of 2
 c. Fossilization and backsliding
d. Habits and errors
e. Naturalistic and classroom SLA (22 marks)

Question Four

Explain how Chomsky accounts for the process of second language acquisition through
his Universal Grammar Hypothesis (22 marks)

Question Five

Describe any four hypotheses of Krashen’s Monitor Model showing how they may apply
in teaching English to secondary school students in Kenya. (22 marks)

Page 2 of 2
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2022/2023 ACADEMIC YEAR

3RD YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF

EDUCATION AND BACHELOR OF ARTS

COURSE CODE/TITLE: ALE B304: SECOND LANGUAGE

ACQUISITION

END OF SEMESTER:II DURATION: 2 HOURS

DAY/TIME:TUESDAY:12.00 TO 2.00 P.M. DATE:9/5/23(SBN 339 +SBS 339)

INSTRUCTIONS

Answer question One and any other Two

Question One

a. Elaborate on four ways in which developing competence in your mother tongue

differed from your second language (8 marks)

b. Examine four linguistic levels in which interlanguage errors may occur in Second
Language Acquisition. (12 marks)
c. To what extent is the Behaviorist view inadequate in fully explaining the process
of language acquisition. (6 marks)

Question Two

Demonstrate how distance, according to the Acculturation Model, can hinder the
acquisition of a second language. (22 marks)

Question Three

Distinguish the following concepts as used in Second Language Acquisition studies:

a. Foreign language and second language

b. Semantic simplification and linguistic simplification

Page 1 of 2
 c. Fossilization and backsliding
d. Habits and errors
e. Naturalistic and classroom SLA (22 marks)

Question Four

Explain how Chomsky accounts for the process of second language acquisition through
his Universal Grammar Hypothesis (22 marks)

Question Five

Describe any four hypotheses of Krashen’s Monitor Model showing how they may apply
in teaching English to secondary school students in Kenya. (22 marks)

Page 2 of 2
 UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2018/2019 ACADEMIC YEAR

3RD YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF

ARTS

COURSE CODE/ TITLE ALE B304: SECOND LANGUAGE

ACQUISITION

END OF SEMESTER II DURATION: 2 HRS

DAY/TIME:WEDNESDAY 3.00PM – 5.00PM DATE:24/4/2019

INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER QUESTION ONE AND ANY OTHER TWO.

Question one

a) Examine any five criticisms that have been levelled against the Behavioral
Theory. (15marks)
b) Describe any three ways in which a learner may ease the task of learning a
Second Language. (15marks)

Question Two

Describe any four hypotheses of the monitor model showing how they apply to the
teaching and learning of English as a Second Language. (20marks)

Question Three

a) What is an Interlanguage? (2marks)

b) Discuss three principle features of an Interlanguage. (12marks)
c) Highlight any three limitations of the Interlanguage Theory. (6marks)

Question Four

Discuss Schumann’s (1978) Acculturated Theory and its impact on Second Language.
(20marks)

Page 1 of 2
Question Five

Discuss the following notions as used in Second Language Acquisition studies.

i) Habit formation
ii) Proactive inhibition
iii) Social distance
iv) Fossilization
v) Foreign language (20marks)

Page 2 of 2
 UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2016/2017 ACADEMIC YEAR

3RD YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF

EDUCATION (ARTS)

COURSE CODE/TITLE:ALE B304: SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

END OF SEMESTER:I I DURATION: 3 HOURS

DAY/TIME: MONDAY:1.00 TO 4.00 P.M DATE: 19/6/2017

INSTRUCTIONS

Answer question ONE and any TWO other questions.

Question One

a) Explain and give examples of the following Scenarios (6 marks)

i) Informal learning

ii) Formal learning

iii) Learning

b) Use examples to support your distinction of simultaneous multilingualism and

sequential multilingualism. (4 marks)

c) Explain the difference between errors and mistakes. Illustrate your answer
(6 marks)
d) Explain any three sources of the errors that second language learners make
(6 marks)
Question Two

a) Explain why it is important to analyze the errors of second language learners.

(12 marks)
b) Explain the importance of motivation in second language learning. (10 marks)

Page 1 of 2
Question Three

Explain any four premises of interlanguage. (22 marks)

Question Four

Explain the five hypotheses of Stephen Krashen’s theory of second language

acquisition (22 marks)

Question Five

Discuss any four individual characteristics in second language learners, assessing how
each may impact on the learning of a second language. (22 marks)

Page 2 of 2
 UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2020/2021 ACADEMIC YEAR

3rd YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS

& BED (ARTS)

COURSE CODE/TITLE:ALE B304: SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

END OF SEMESTER: II DURATION: 2 HOURS

DAY/TIME:MONDAY 9.00 – 11.00 AM DATE: 16/8/21 (GFE001)

INSTRUCTIONS:
Answer Question ONE and any other TWO questions

Question One

a) Discuss three ways in which a learner can make the burden of learning a second
language lighter (12 marks)

b) In what two ways can psychological distance hinder the learning of a second
language? (8 marks)

c) With illustrations, describe two ways in which learning your mother tongue
differed from how you learnt English. (6 marks)

Question Two

a) Discuss four hypotheses of the Monitor Model. (12 marks)

b) In which way can knowledge of the hypotheses in (a) benefit a language

teacher? (10 marks)

Question Three

a) With illustrations, distinguish between an error and a mistake (6 marks)

b) Describe four intralingual errors made by learners of a language (16 marks)

1 of 2
Question Four

a) Define the term Interlanguage (4 marks)

b) Distinguish between fossilization and backsliding in the Interlanguage Theory

(6 marks)
c) With relevant examples, illustrate three main characteristics of the interlanguage
(12 marks)

Question Five

Describe the Behaviourist Theory of language learning using the notions of habits and
errors and highlight its relevance to second language acquisition. (22 marks)

2 of 2
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2022/2023 ACADEMIC YEAR
3RD YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF
EDUCATION AND BACHELOR OF ARTS
COURSE CODE/TITLE: ALE B308: INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH
METHODS IN LINGUISTICS

END OF SEMESTER:II DURATION: 2 HOURS

DAY/TIME:THURSDAY:9.00 TO 11.00 A.M. DATE:11/5/2023(SHSS 006)
INSTRUCTIONS
ANSWER Question ONE (Q.1.) and any other TWO questions in this paper.
Question One
(a) What are the main goals of Linguistics, or the study of Language? (8 marks)
(b) What is research, and how does it contribute towards the achievement of the goals
of Linguistic study? (8 marks)
(c) Briefly explain ‘observational’, ‘descriptive’ and ‘explanatory’ adequacies in
regard to the theory or body of knowledge on Language. (8 marks)
Question Two
Distinguish between the following TWO research paradigms:
(i) Experimental research design
(ii) Quasi-Experimental or Ex Post Facto research design (23 marks)
Question Three
(a) What research variables? (3 marks)
(b) Explain the importance of the following variables in the research process:
(i) Independent variables (5 marks)
(ii) Dependent variables (5 marks)
(iii) Intervening variables (5 marks)

Page 1 of 2
 (c) How may research variables be operationalized by the researcher? (5 marks)
Question Four
(a) What is research data, and how does it relate to the research objectives?
(8 marks)
(b) What is a research ‘subject’ and how does a researcher get an appropriate
sample of data? (7 marks)

(c) What are research data-gathering tools, and how are they designed to capture
appropriate and relevant data? (8 marks)

Question Five

(a) Explain the elements and strengths of a bankable research proposal in

Linguistics. (15 marks)
(b) What are the two major aspects of a well conceptualized ‘Statement of the
Problem’ in a research proposal? (8 marks)

Page 2 of 2
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2022/2023 ACADEMIC YEAR
3RD YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF
EDUCATION AND BACHELOR OF ARTS
COURSE CODE/TITLE: ALE B308: INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH
METHODS IN LINGUISTICS

END OF SEMESTER:II DURATION: 2 HOURS

DAY/TIME:THURSDAY:9.00 TO 11.00 A.M. DATE:11/5/2023(SHSS 006)
INSTRUCTIONS
ANSWER Question ONE (Q.1.) and any other TWO questions in this paper.
Question One
(a) What are the main goals of Linguistics, or the study of Language? (8 marks)
(b) What is research, and how does it contribute towards the achievement of the goals
of Linguistic study? (8 marks)
(c) Briefly explain ‘observational’, ‘descriptive’ and ‘explanatory’ adequacies in
regard to the theory or body of knowledge on Language. (8 marks)
Question Two
Distinguish between the following TWO research paradigms:
(i) Experimental research design
(ii) Quasi-Experimental or Ex Post Facto research design (23 marks)
Question Three
(a) What research variables? (3 marks)
(b) Explain the importance of the following variables in the research process:
(i) Independent variables (5 marks)
(ii) Dependent variables (5 marks)
(iii) Intervening variables (5 marks)

Page 1 of 2
 (c) How may research variables be operationalized by the researcher? (5 marks)
Question Four
(a) What is research data, and how does it relate to the research objectives?
(8 marks)
(b) What is a research ‘subject’ and how does a researcher get an appropriate
sample of data? (7 marks)

(c) What are research data-gathering tools, and how are they designed to capture
appropriate and relevant data? (8 marks)

Question Five

(a) Explain the elements and strengths of a bankable research proposal in

Linguistics. (15 marks)
(b) What are the two major aspects of a well conceptualized ‘Statement of the
Problem’ in a research proposal? (8 marks)

Page 2 of 2
 UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2019/2020 ACADEMIC YEAR

3RD YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF

ARTS

COURSE CODE/ TITLE: ALE B308 INTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTIC

RESEARCH METHODS

END OF SEMESTER: II DURATION: 2 HOURS

DAY/TIME:WEDNESDAY 9.00 – 11.00 AM DATE: 13/01/21 (PL 6)

INSTRUCTIONS
Answer Question ONE and any other TWO Questions

Question One

a) Identify a research topic in linguistics. (2 marks)

b) Write a one paragraph problem statement. (5 marks)
c) Write three specific objectives for your study. (6 marks)
d) Discuss any two main variables in your study. (8 marks)
e) State the differences between a sample and a population. (5 marks)

Question Two

Distinguish between the following perspectives of research:

a) The structure approach vs the unstructured approach.

b) Explanatory research vs exploratory research.
c) Pure research vs. applied research
d) Descriptive research vs correlational research.

Question Three

Discuss the fundamental ethical principles that guide linguistic research. (22 marks)

1 of 2
Question Four

a) Explain the characteristics of a good linguistic researcher. (12 marks)

b) Explain the importance of linguistic research. (10 marks)

Question Five

a) Discuss factors that should be considered while choosing a linguistic research

topic. (12 marks)

b) Explain the characteristics of a good objective. (10 marks)

2 of 2
 UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2020/2021 ACADEMIC YEAR
3rd YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS
& BED (ARTS)
COURSE CODE/ TITLE: ALE B308 INTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTIC
RESEARCH METHODS
END OF SEMESTER: II DURATION: 2 HOURS
DAY/TIME: TUESDAY 12.00 – 2.00PM DATE: 17/8/21 (PL 9)

INSTRUCTIONS
Answer question ONE and any other TWO questions

Question One

a. Define the term “Research” (3 marks)

b. Discuss the importance of research questions in a research proposal (9 marks)

c. The following is a research topic for a second year student in Pwani University.
“The effect of Gikuyu language in spoken English among first year university
students. A case of Pwani University: Kenya”

i. Formulate and State the possible broad objective and any two specific
objectives from the research topic. (6 marks)

ii. State any two possible research questions from the research topic. (4 marks)

iii. State any two hypotheses from the research topic (4 marks)

Question Two

Discuss the ethical issues that a researcher has to consider while carrying out research
relating to:
a) The researcher (12 marks)

b) The sponsors (10 marks)

1 of 2
Question Three

a) Discuss why research is important (14 marks)

b) By use of clear illustrations, distinguish between the following terms:

(8 marks)

i) Independent variable and Dependent variable

ii) Pure research and applied research

Question Four
a) Discuss the importance of literature review in a linguistic research proposal.
i. (16 marks)
b) Outline the difference between a sample and a population in research.
(6 marks)
.

Question Five
a) Formulate a research topic and its related research specific objectives (4 marks)

b) Discuss the characteristics of a good objective drawing illustrations from the

examples given in question five (a) above. (18 marks)

2 of 2
UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2022/2023 ACADEMIC YEAR

3RD YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF

EDUCATION AND BACHELOR OF ARTS

COURSE CODE/TITLE: ALE B307 PSYCHOLINGUISTICS

END OF SEMESTER:II DURATION: 2 HOURS

DAY/TIME:WENESDAY:12.00 TO 2.00 P.M. DATE:10/5/2023 (LTN)

INSTRUCTIONS

Answer Question 1 (compulsory) and any other TWO questions in this paper.

Question One

(a) Explain Ivan Pavlov’s theory of ‘conditioning’ and how it relates language learning.
(8 marks)
(b) Briefly highlight the purpose of Psycholinguistics to both the Linguistics and
Psychology student. (8marks)

(c) Explain the Language Acquisition Device (LAD) concept and how it has been used
To explain the potential to acquire any language. (8 marks)

Question Two

Compare and contrast the stages of child first Language acquisition to the stages of
Second Language Acquisition (23 marks)

Question Three

Using information gathered during this course and your knowledge and examples from
experience, explain any TWO language processing brain maladies, their possible
cause(s), how they present in individuals, how they have technically been understood,
and how professionals may mitigate their effects. (23 marks)

Page 1 of 2
Question Four

Explain the following concepts as used in the cognitivist model for language processing:

(a) The Deep structure (5 marks)

(b) The Surface Structure (5 marks)

(c) The Mental Lexicon (8 marks)

(d) The Transformational Rules (5 marks)

Question Five

(a) Describe the importance of Lenneberg’s (1966) ‘Critical Period’ Hypothesis, and with
proper illustration
show how it leads to an understanding of how the knowledge of language is
developmental. (13 marks)

(b) What is the evidence for humans to possess the internal language processing
mechanism (LAD)? (10 marks)

Page 2 of 2
 UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2019/2020 ACADEMIC YEAR

3RD YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF

ARTS

COURSE CODE/ TITLE: ALE B307 PSYCHOLINGUISTICS

END OF SEMESTER: II DURATION: 2 HOURS

DAY/TIME:MONDAY 9.00 – 11.00 AM DATE: 18/01/21 (IFE00a)

INSTRUCTIONS
Answer Question ONE and any other TWO Questions

Question One

a) What is psycholinguistics, and what is the relationship between psychology and

the study of Language. (10 marks)

b) Briefly describe the theory of “classical” and “operant” conditioning and how it
relates to Language learning. (8 marks)

c) What is cognitivist psychology, and how does it relate to language acquisition

and learning. (8 marks)

Question Two

a) Explain the distinction between the human “brain” and the human “mind”
although both play complementary roles. (12 marks)

b) What is the “Mental Lexicon” and how has it been considered to work in
language processing. (10 marks)

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 Question Three

a) Briefly describe the stages of child first language acquisition. (14 marks)

b) Lenneberg (1996) proposed the “Critical Period” Hypothesis: describe this

hypothesis and explain its significance in language acquisition and learning.
(6 marks)

Question Four

a) Suggest five logical reasons why the Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
construct has been proposed to exist in the human mind. (10 marks)

b) Explain the similarities and differences between first language and second
language acquisition. (12 marks)

Question Five

Using your knowledge and examples from experience, explain the following language
processing problems as manifested in individuals:

a) Wernicke’s Aphasia (5 marks)

b) Broca’s Aphasia (5 marks)
c) Dyslexia (4 marks)
d) Dysgraphia (4 marks)
e) Dyspraxia (4 marks)

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UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2022/2023 ACADEMIC YEAR

3RD YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF

EDUCATION AND BACHELOR OF ARTS

COURSE CODE/TITLE: ALE B307 PSYCHOLINGUISTICS

END OF SEMESTER:II DURATION: 2 HOURS

DAY/TIME:WENESDAY:12.00 TO 2.00 P.M. DATE:10/5/2023 (LTN)

INSTRUCTIONS

Answer Question 1 (compulsory) and any other TWO questions in this paper.

Question One

(a) Explain Ivan Pavlov’s theory of ‘conditioning’ and how it relates language learning.
(8 marks)
(b) Briefly highlight the purpose of Psycholinguistics to both the Linguistics and
Psychology student. (8marks)

(c) Explain the Language Acquisition Device (LAD) concept and how it has been used
To explain the potential to acquire any language. (8 marks)

Question Two

Compare and contrast the stages of child first Language acquisition to the stages of
Second Language Acquisition (23 marks)

Question Three

Using information gathered during this course and your knowledge and examples from
experience, explain any TWO language processing brain maladies, their possible
cause(s), how they present in individuals, how they have technically been understood,
and how professionals may mitigate their effects. (23 marks)

Page 1 of 2
Question Four

Explain the following concepts as used in the cognitivist model for language processing:

(a) The Deep structure (5 marks)

(b) The Surface Structure (5 marks)

(c) The Mental Lexicon (8 marks)

(d) The Transformational Rules (5 marks)

Question Five

(a) Describe the importance of Lenneberg’s (1966) ‘Critical Period’ Hypothesis, and with
proper illustration
show how it leads to an understanding of how the knowledge of language is
developmental. (13 marks)

(b) What is the evidence for humans to possess the internal language processing
mechanism (LAD)? (10 marks)

Page 2 of 2
 UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2020/2021 ACADEMIC YEAR

3rd YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS

& BED (ARTS)

COURSE CODE/ TITLE: ALE B307 PSYCHOLINGUISTICS

END OF SEMESTER: II DURATION: 2 HOURS

DAY/TIME:MONDAY 12.00 – 2.00PM DATE: 9/8/21 (SBS 001)

INSTRUCTIONS
Answer Question ONE (compulsory) and any other TWO questions in this paper.

Question One

(a) “The „Critical Period‟ Hypothesis is the starting point of the understanding of how
language acquisition and learning occurs in children and adults.” Briefly discuss this
statement. (14 Marks)

(b) Using your own examples in each case, outline the stages of first Language acquisition.
(12 Marks)

Question Two

(a) What is the Language Acquisition Device? (10 Marks)

(b) Explain the logical and scientific evidence that may exist for the presence of the
language specific cognitive mechanism referred to as the Language Acquisition Device
(LAD). (12 Marks)

Question Three

Write short notes to explain each of the following concepts used in Psycholinguistics and
the Psychology of Language:

(a) Aphasia (4 Marks)

(b) Wernicke‟s area (4 Marks)

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 (d) Broca‟s area (4 Marks)

(d) The Brain (5 Marks)

(e) The Mind (5 Marks)

Question Four

(a)What is the „Mental Lexicon,‟ and how has it been considered to work in language
processing? (10 Marks)

(b) Describe the transformational (rules) component, and how these together with the
„Mental Lexicon‟ may be used to explain the knowledge of language or competence in
Language. (12 Marks)

Question Five
(a) Psycholinguistics takes a multi-disciplinary approach in its study. Explain how this
field benefits from various disciplines (10 Marks).

(b) Cognitivist psychology and Behaviorist psychology are but two sides of the same
coin.
Explain the similarities and differences between the two orientations. (12 Marks)

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