EVALUATION OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE

Educational-Clinical Questionnaire: Anxiety and Depression

CECAD
 SUMMARY OF THE TEST VALUATION

Overview

Characteristics Description

Test name Educational-Clinical Questionnaire: Anxiety and Depression

Luis Lozano González, Eduardo García Cueto and Luis

Author Manuel Lozano Fernández.

Editor of the test in its original version TEA Editions

Original test publication date 2007

Date of the last review of the test in your

2013
Spanish adaptation
Evaluated construct Anxiety and Depression

§ Clinical Psychology
Application area § Educational Psychology

Support Pencil and Paper

General assessment

Characteristics Valuation Punctuation

Quality of Materials and
Excellent 4.5
documentation
Theoretical foundation Good 4
Analysis of the items Excellent 5
Content validity Good 4
Construct validity Excellent 5
Bias analysis It is not contributed --
Predictive validity It is not provided --
Reliability: equivalence It is not provided --
Reliability: internal consistency Excellent 5
Reliability: stability It is not provided. --
Barometers Excellent 4.5

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 General comments

The CECAD is a brief questionnaire that is easy to apply and was constructed in Spain about a

well-founded theoretical corpus, a comprehensive psychometric analysis, and a large sample of

benchmarking. The items are easy to read and understand and provide fundamental information about
two common emotional disorders, anxiety and depression, as well as other clinical aspects
such as uselessness, irritability, thinking problems, and psychophysiological symptoms.
The scale allows for quick and easy access to complete information about the
emotional state of the evaluated person, and provides information about the internalized symptoms
(thoughts and feelings) that are difficult to access through simple observation by the psychologist.

It is noteworthy that the CECAD allows for the evaluation of these disorders in ages.
early, from 7 years old.

The estimated values of reliability understood as internal consistency of the scores.

elevated for all scales and age groups assessed.

The validation of the CECAD scores has focused on a study of

dimensionality internal structure based on the theoretical foundation used in its construction.

The scale has been designed for evaluation in general population by age
understood between 7 and 80 years; in this sense, the normative sample has focused between 7 and
the age of 12 years (71.7% of the sample belongs to this age group), and 6.3% of the
Sample exceeds 18 years.

Improvement proposals for future revisions:

Reliability: Include studies on the temporal stability of scores to broaden the concept of
reliability.

Validation: Complete the validity evidence with more information about the validation
estimated concurrent as correlations of CECAD scores with other scales
psychological factors that can hypothesize the value of the observed correlations.
Given the clinical use of the questionnaire, include clinical samples that allow for contribution.
evidence about the discriminative capacity of the scale.

Benchmarking: Expand the sample of benchmarking related to people over 18 years old. Include
substantive and/or statistical criteria in the establishment of cut-off points.

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 DETAILED ANALYSIS OF THE TEST
1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE TEST

1.1. Nombre del test

Clinical Educational Questionnaire: Anxiety and Depression (CECAD)
1.2. Name of the test in its original version
Clinical Educational Questionnaire: Anxiety and Depression (CECAD)
1.3. Author
Luis Lozano González, Eduardo García Cueto and Luis Manuel Lozano Fernández
1.4. Author of the Spanish adaptation
Not applicable

1.5. Test editor in its original version

TEA Ediciones, S.A.U.
1.6. Editor of the Spanish adaptation

1.7. Date of publication of the original test

2007
1.8. Date of publication of the test in its Spanish adaptation

1.9. Date of the last revision of the test in its Spanish adaptation
2013
1.10. General area of the variable that the test aims to measure
§ Personality
1.11. Brief description of the variable that the test aims to measure
CECAD is a questionnaire made up of 50 items that evaluates the presence of two
internalized emotional disorders: anxiety and depression; and four
aspectos clínicos: inutilidad, irritabilidad, problemas de pensamiento y síntomas
psychophysiological.
The Depression scale is designed to identify the symptoms of depression in
children, adolescents and young adults, in line with the criteria set by the DSM-IV.
A high score on the depression scale indicates a mood
depressive or irritable, insomnia or hypersomnia, worthlessness, loss of energy,
decreased ability to think, loss of appetite, and suicidal thoughts.
The items of the scale of Anxiety they are representative of the symptoms
psychophysiological factors associated with this disorder, along with intrusive thoughts,

escape behaviors in social situations or overwhelm in crowded places.

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 The Uselessness Scale is made up of items that describe the perception that each
one has about their worth regarding the ability to face tasks
daily of their vital context.
High values on the Irritability scale indicate that the person perceives themselves as a
high capacity to get angry and an internal feeling of rage in situations
daily.
The Thinking Problems Scale measures the extent to which a person feels
flooded by intrusive thoughts, values things from the most
negative, she is afraid of losing control and of the things that might happen.
The Psychophysiological Symptoms Scale is an indicator of the extent to which the
the person appears tense, has body aches, respiratory problems,
difficulties in reconciliation or in maintaining sleep, hand tremors, etc.
1.12. Areas of application
§ Clinical Psychology
§ Educational Psychology
1.13. Format of the items
§ Likert
1.14. Number of items
50 total items
§ Depression: 26
§ Ansiedad: 19
§ Uselessness: 9
§ Irritabilidad: 7
§ Thinking issues: 8
§ Psychophysiological symptoms: 16
1.15. Support
§ Paper and pencil
1.16. Required qualification for the use of the test according to the provided documentation
§ It can be applied by different professionals under the supervision of a psychologist.
responsible
1.17. Description of the populations to which the test is applicable
§ General population aged between 7 and 80 years.
1.18. Existence or non-existence of different forms of the test and their characteristics

§ Unique form.
1.19. Correction procedure
§ Carried out exclusively by the managing company

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1.20. Procedure for obtaining direct scores
§ The scores are obtained through software application contracted through
the publishing company.

1.21. Transformation of scores

Normalized
1.22. Scales used
§ T scores (Mean 50 and standard deviation 10)
1.23. Possibility of obtaining automated reports
No
1.24. Offer from the publisher for a service for proofreading and/or editing
reports
Yes
1.25. Estimated time for administering the test
§ In individual application:..................10-20 minutes
§ In collective application:...................10-20 minutes
1.26. Documentation provided by the editor
Manual
1.27. Price of a complete test game
67.46€; includes 25 corrections
1.28. Price and number of copies of the booklet package
The correction kit with 25 samples and a pin for correction costs €56.19.
1.29. Price and number of copies of the answer sheet package

1.30. Price for the correction and/or preparation of reports by the editor

1.31. Basic bibliography about the test provided in the documentation

The bibliography is updated and suitable both from a substantive point of view.
as methodological.

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 2. EVALUATION OF THE TEST CHARACTERISTICS

General aspects

Content
Valuation Score
2.1. Quality of the test materials Excellent 4.5

2.2. Quality of the provided documentation Excellent 4.5

2.3. Theoretical Foundation Good 4

2.4. Test adaptation Does not proceed

2.5. Quality of the instructions Excellent 4.5

2.6. Ease of understanding the task Excellent 4.5

2.7. Ease of recording responses Excellent 5

2.8. Quality of the items (formal aspects) Excellent 5

2.9. Data on item analysis Excellent 5

Content validity

Content Assessment Score

2.10.1.1. Quality of content representation or
Excellent 4.5
domain
2.10.1.2. Consultations with experts Adequate 3

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 Construct validity

Content Valuation Score

§ Correlations with other tests

2.10.2.1. Designs used § Exploratory factor analysis
§ Confirmatory factor analysis

2.10.2.2. Tamaño de las muestras Excellent 5

Stratified with a subsample
2.10.2.3. Sample selection procedure
random
2.10.2.4. Median of the test correlations with others 5
Excellent
similar tests
2.10.2.5. Quality of the tests used as a criterion or 4
Good
marker
2.10.2.6. Differences between groups Buena 4

2.10.2.7. Results of the multirisk matrix- It is not provided

multimethod
2.10.2.8. Results of the factorial analysis Excellent 5

2.10.2.9. Data on bias/functioning

Not provided
differential of the items

Predictive validity
Criteria used and the characteristics of the populations.

Content Content Score

2.10.3.1. Criteria used It is not provided

2.10.3.2. Design of selection criteria It is not provided

2.10.3.3. Sample Size Not provided

2.10.3.4. Sample selection procedure Not provided

2.10.3.5. Median of the test correlations with the
Not provided
criteria

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 General comments on validity

Internal structure. The validation of the questionnaire has focused on studying its
internal structure. The manual provides detailed information about the results of the
application of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses that support the structure
theoretical proposal.

Convergent validation. The relationship of CECAD with similar scales is limited to its phase
experimental in which it correlates with the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) using
a sample of 120 people.

In order to provide validation evidence related to the use of CECAD, it would be

It is interesting to delve into the relationships between the CECAD and similar scales, as well as

design and conduct a predictive validation study in clinical and school settings
that allows evaluating the discriminative capacity of the scale.

Reliability

Content Valuation Scoring

Internal consistency coefficients by
2.11.1. Data provided on reliability age groups and scale

Equivalence of parallel forms

Content Valuation Score

2.11.2.1. Sample size Is not provided

2.11.2.2. Equivalence coefficients Not provided

Internal consistency

Content Valuation Score

2.11.3.1. Sample size Excellent 5

2.11.3.2. Coefficients of internal consistency
Alpha coefficient
presented
2.11.3.3. Median of the consistency coefficients Excellent 5

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 Stability (test-retest)

Content Valuation Score

2.11.4.1. Tamaño de las muestras It is not provided

2.11.4.2. Stability coefficients It is not provided

Quantification of precision through TRI

Content Valuation Score

2.11.5.1. Sample Size suitable 3

General comments on reliability

Reliability is evaluated from the traditional perspective of consistency of the

scores, which are analyzed by scale and age group. The values of the alpha coefficient of
Cronbach's alpha is greater than 0.83 in all cases.

The manual provides information on adjusting the graded response model.

Samejima.

It would be advisable to extend the concept of reliability to the study of temporal stability.
from the measures through a test-retest design.

Baremo

Content Valuation Score

2.12.1. Quality of the standards Good 4

2.12.2. Sample size Good 4

2.12.3. Sample selection procedure Stratified random

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 General comments on scoring

The scales offered by strata are easy to read and interpret.

The empirical scores, after a normalization process, are transformed into

T scores (Mean 50, standard deviation 10).

It would be advisable to add distributional characteristics of the sample.

Cut-off points based on the normative distribution of the group are proposed.
it is interesting to contrast them with clinical samples.

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