Solution
THERMODYNAMICS & KTG
JEE main - Physics
1.
(d)
Explanation:
In the given fig.,
Process A → B ⇒ Isobaric
Process B → C ⇒ Isothermal
Process C → D ⇒ Isochoric
Process D→ A ⇒ Isothermal
Hence the process is correctly represented in fig.
2.
(b) change in temperature
Explanation:
In the adiabatic process, no heat is taken or given by the system i.e., ΔQ = 0 ⇒ ΔW = −ΔU
If ΔW is negative (work done on the system), then ΔU increases & temperature increases and vice-
versa. So work done in an adiabatic change in particular gas (ideal gas) depends on the change in
temperature.
3.
(d) zeroth law of thermodynamics
Explanation:
So, the thermometer shows the temperature that it has and it actually has the temperature of the
object.
So, temperature measurement is actually a measurement of the degree of hotness or coldness based
on the zeroth law of thermodynamics.
4.
(c) B
Explanation:
According to Wein's displacement law, λm T = b = Wien's constant.
If vm is the frequency corresponding to wavelength, λm , then,
(
c
vm
)T =b
, i.e., vm∝ T
c
⇒ vm = T
b
∴ vm- T graph is a straight line, which is shown as B in the given figure.
5.
(d) 227°C
Explanation:
1/9
227°C
6.
(d) I → H2, II → N2, III → O2, IV → Cl2
Explanation:
−
−−−
vrms = √
3RT
M0
∴ vrms ∝ 1
√M0
Hence, higher the molar mass (M0), lower is the vrms of gas.
∴ M0(H2) = 2 g/mol → I
M0(N2) = 28 g/mol → II
M0(O2) = 32 g/mol → III
M0(Cl2) = 70.9 g/mol → IV
7.
(d) kT
Explanation:
kT
8.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation:
The emissivity of black cloth is greater than that of white cloth hence a black robe will absorb more
net energy from sunshine than a white robe and thus will be at higher temperature. The air inside the
black robes get more warm than white. The warmer air then rise faster and leaves through the porous
fabric, while external air is drawn into the robe through its open bottom. Thus the black fabric
enhances air circulation under the robe and that keeps person from getting any hotter than a person
in white robe. In fact, the continuous breeze blowing past his body may even make him feel more
comfortable.
9.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation:
Only the energy of translatory motion of molecules is represented by temperature. Others forms of
energy such as intermolecular potential energy, energy of molecular vibration, etc. are not
represented by temperature. Hence at absolute zero, the translatory motion of molecules ceases but
other forms of molecular energy do not become zero. Therefore absolute zero temperature is not the
temperature of zero energy.
10.
(d) Both A and R are false.
Explanation:
Specific heat of a body is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of unit mass of the
body through unit degree. When mass of a body is less than unity, then its thermal capacity is less
than its specific heat and vice-versa.
11.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation:
2/9
We can change the temperature of a body without giving (or taking) heat to (or from) it. For example
in an adiabatic compression temperature rises and in an adiabatic expansion temperature fall,
although no heat is given or taken from the system in the respective changes.
12.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation:
−
−−−
As vrms = √
3RT
.
M
At same temperature, vrms oc ,
1
√M
i.e., at the same temperature root-mean square speed of molecules of lighter gases will be more.
13.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation:
A is true but R is false.
14. 300.0
Explanation:
Given:
P = 2000 W , η = 70%
rated
−1
−1
s = 4200 J Kg K , m = 2 kg
∘ ∘
T1 = 10 C, T = 60 C
2
Power used = P
rated
×η
700
⇒ P = 2000 × = 1400 W
used 1000
Heat required to change temperature
Q = mΔT
4
= 2 × 4200 × (60 − 10) = 42 × 10 J
Now Pused
Q
=
t
Q 420000
⇒ t = = = 300 s
P 1400
used
15. -113
Explanation:
T
Sink
Efficiency, η = 1 −
T
Source
T
Sink
0.6 = 1 − [∵ TSource = 127 + 273 = 400k]
400
400 - Tsink = 240 ⇒ TSink = 160 k
∴ Tsink = 160 - 273 = -113oC
16. 2400
Explanation:
For adiabatic process,
γ−1
T2 V1
= ( )
T V
1 2
∴ T2 = 300 × (32)0.4
For isobaric process,
W = PΔV = nRΔT
i.e., V ∝ T
3/9
T3 V3 2 V
2
∴ = =
T V V
2 2 2
∴ T3 = 300 × (32)0.4 × 2
= 300 × (32)2/5 × 2
= 2400 K
17. 10
Explanation:
Q TL
2
β = =
W TH −TL
TL = 273 K, TH = 303 K and W = 1 J
273 273
∴ Q2 = ×1 = ≃ 9J
303−273 30
Hence, heat delivered to surroundings,
Q1 = Q2 + W = 9 + 1 = 10 J
18. 18
Explanation:
We know, ΔQ = ΔU + ΔW . Since, heat is released by the system, ΔQ = -20 J
As work is done on the gas, ΔW = -8 J
∴ -20 J = ΔU - 8W
ΔU = -12 J or Uf - Ui = -12 J
or Uf = Ui - 12 = 30 - 12 = 18 J
19. 400.0
Explanation:
−
−−−
rms speed of molecule is vrms = √ 3RT
M
−
−
∴ vrms ∝ √T
Now,
−−
( vrms )
=√T
2 T2
∴
( vrms ) 1
1
T1 = 300 K and T2 = 400 K
−−
−
( vrms )
=√ =
2 400 2
∴
( vrms ) 300 √3
1
= = = m/s
2 2 400
⇒ ( vrms ) ( vrms ) × 200
2 1
√3 √3 √3
20. 2
Explanation:
Ideal gas equation is given by:
PV = nRT ...(i)
For oxygen: p = 1 atm; V = 1 L; n = nO 2
Therefore, eqn. (i) becomes,
∴ 1 × 1 = nO RT or nO =
1
2 2 RT
For nitrogen: p = 0.5 atm; V = 2 L; n = nN
∴ 0.5 × 2 = nN RT or nN =
1
RT 2 2
For mixture of gas: Pmix. Vmix. = nmix. RT
Here, nmix = nO + nN 2
Pmix Vmix 1 1
∴ = +
RT RT RT
or [Link]. = 2
∴ Vmix. = 1 L; Pmix. = 2atm
21. 5
Explanation:
Using ideal gas equation, PV = nRT
⇒ P1V1 = nR × 250 [∵ T1 = 250 K] ...(i)
4/9
⇒ P2(2V1 = 5n
R × 2000 [∵ T2 = 2000 K] ...(ii)
4
Dividing eq. (i) by (ii),
= =5
P1 4×250 P1 1 P2
= ⇒ ∴
2P2 5×2000 P2 5 P1
22. 3600
Explanation:
Here, nCvΔT = mv2
1
For monoatomic gas, Cv = R
3
T=
1 m 2 2
⇒ Δ ( )⋅ (30)
2 n 3R
Lets assume mass per mole = 4 kg/mol
= 2 × 4 × 3R × 30 × 30 = 3R
1 2 3600
∴ X = 3600
23.
(d) (A) - (Q), (B) - (P), (C) - (S), (D) - (R)
Explanation:
Root mean square speed of gas molecule
−
−−−
Vrms = √
3RT
Pressure exerted by ideal gas = 1
nmv2
3
Average kinetic energy of molecule = KBT
3
Total internal energy of gas (u) = RT
n
Hence,
n=1
f=5
u = 2 RT
5
(A) → (Q)
(B) → (P)
(C) → (S)
(D) → (R)
24.
(d) (i) - (q), (ii) - (r), (iii) - (s), (iv) - (p)
Explanation:
(i) - (q), (ii) - (r), (iii) - (s), (iv) - (p)
25.
(c) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
Explanation:
According to 1st law of thermodynamics
ΔQ = ΔU + W
If ΔQ > 0, ΔU < 0 and W > 0 is also possible.
Hence ΔT < 0, so T decreases.
Statement I is false
W > 0; ∫ PdV > 0
Therefore volume of system must increase during positive work done by the system.
Statement II is true.
26.
(b) 6.6 × 105 J, 17.14 J/mol-K
Explanation:
5/9
dQ = dU + dW = 1.8 × 105 + 4.8 × 105 = 6.6 × 105 J
(dQ)R
C=
dQ
=
μdT
PF VF − P1 VI
5
6.6 × 10 × 8.31
= = 17.14 J/mol-K
5
10 (8 × 0.5 − 4 × 0.2)
27.
(c) 20 g
Explanation:
Let x grams of water is evaporated.
According to the principle of calorimetry,
Heat lost by freezing water (that turns into ice) = Heat gained by evaporated water
Given, mass of water = 150 g
⇒ (150 - x) ×10-3 × 3.36 × 105 = x × 10-3 × 2.10 × 106
⇒ (150 - x) × 3.36 = 21x
∴ x ≈ 20g
28.
(c) 39oC
Explanation:
Coefficient of performance β
=
T2
β
( T1 −T2 )
(273−13)
5=
T1 −(273−13)]
5T1 - 1300 = 260
5T1 = 1560
T1 = 312 K or 39oC
29. (a) 1024p
Explanation:
Since,
PV
γ
= constant
γ γ
P1 V = P2 V
1 2
γ
P2 V1
= ( )
P1 V2
γ
P2 V1
= ( V
)
P1 1
64
= (64)5/3
P2
P1
P2 = 1024P1
30.
(b) 30 J
Explanation:
ΔQ = ΔU + ΔW = (Uf - Ui) + ΔW
∴ -10 = (Ur - 25) - 15
∴ Uf = 30 J
31.
(b) 10 J
6/9
Explanation:
In the given cyclic process
work done ∮ = area enclosed by the cycle = height of triangle (CAB) made by cycle
1
pdV × base ×
2
1
= ( V2 − V1 ) ( p2 − p1 )
2
From graph, given
m graph, given
V2 = 5m3, V1 = l m2,
p2 = 6 Pa, p1 = 1 Pa
=
1
(5 − 1)(6 − 1) =
1
×4×5 = 10 J
2 2
32.
(d) 1.4
Explanation:
Volume of the gas
v= and
m
Using P V γ
= constant
γ
′ ′
P V d
= ′
= ( )
P V d
or 128 = (32)γ
∴ γ = = 1.4
7
33. (a) 4 × 105 J
Explanation:
W = P (V2 -V1)
= 105 × (6 - 2)
= 4 × 105 J
34.
(b) 300R joules
Explanation:
For one mole of gas, ΔQ = CVΔT + PΔV
At constant volume, ΔV = 0
For two moles of gas, ΔQ = 2CVΔT
From PV = nRT = 2R × 300
and V = 2RTf
P
∴ Tf = 150K
∴ Δ O = 2CV(Tf - Ti) = 2Cv(150 - 300)
= -300Cv, joule
In the next process: ΔQ - 2CpΔT = 2Cp(300 - 150)
= 300 Cp joule
∴ Net heat absorbed = -300 Cv + 300 Cp
= 300(Cp - Cv) = 300 R joule
35. (a) 588 J
Explanation:
In adiabatic process,
P3V5 or PV5/3= constant
∴ γ =
5
3
, Hence, CV =
3R
2
, CP =
5R
7/9
In another process,
ΔQ = nCpΔT + nCvΔT
5 3
= nR ( TB − TA ) + nR ( TC − TB )
2 2
5 3
ΔQ = ( PB VB − PA VA ) + ( PC VC − PB VB )
2 2
Putting values, we get:
ΔQ = 587.5J ≃ 588J
36. (a) -2.5 × 1025
Explanation:
From pV = nRT = N
RT
NA
We have, nf
pV NA pV NA
− ni = −
RTf RTi
5
10 ×30 23 1 1
⇒ nf − ni = × 6.02 × 10 ⋅( − )
8.3 300 290
= -2.5 × 1025
25
∴ Δn = −25 × 10
37.
(b) 5 × 104 J
Explanation:
Thermal energy corresponds to internal energy,
Mass = 1 kg; Density = 4 kg/m3
mass
Volume = =
1 3
m
density 4
Pressure: 8 × 104 N/m2
Internal energy = = 5 × 104 J
5
∴ ×p×V
2
38. (a) 500 ms-1
Explanation:
−
− −
− −
−−−
2 2 3RT
vmp = √ vrms = √ ×√
3 3 M
−−−−−−−−−
2×8.31×(421)
= √ −3
28×10
−−−−−−−−
500 ms-1
2×8.31×421
= √ −3
≅
28×10
39.
(b) 327 oC
Explanation:
If K1 is kinetic energy at T1 = 27oC = 27 + 273 = 300 K
K2 is kinetic energy at new temperature T.
f
Kinetic energy = 2
kT
8/9
= = (∵ K2 = 2 K1)
K1 T1 300
⇒
K T T
2 2
T = 600 K ⇒ T = 327oC
40.
(c) 10.64
Explanation:
P1V1 = P2V2
2 atm = 2(0.76) = 1.52 m
4 3 4 3
∴ (1.52 + h) ( π r ) = (1.52) ( π) (2R )
3 3
or h = 10.64 m
9/9
