Object-Oriented Programming:

Core Features
This presentation will explore the core features and benefits of object-
oriented programming (OOP), a powerful paradigm that has
revolutionized software development.

by Ashutosh Singh

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What is Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)? A
paradigm shift
Shifting Perspectives Objects as Building Blocks

OOP moved away from procedural programming, which OOP views software as a collection of objects, each
focuses on a sequence of instructions. Instead, it containing data and methods that define its behavior.
emphasizes data structures and interactions between These objects interact with each other to achieve the
objects. program's functionality.

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Key Feature 1: Encapsulation - Bundling data and
methods
Protecting Data Controlled Access

Encapsulation encloses an object's data and methods This protection ensures data integrity and consistency by
within a single unit, preventing direct access from outside. allowing access only through controlled methods, known
as getters and setters.

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Key Feature 2: Abstraction - Hiding complexity,
showing essentials
Focus on What Matters Simplifying Interactions

Abstraction presents a simplified view of an object, Developers interact with abstract classes or interfaces,
highlighting its essential properties and methods. reducing the need to understand the intricate details of
implementation.

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Key Feature 3: Inheritance - Creating new classes
from existing ones
Reusing Code Extending Functionality

Inheritance allows creating new classes that inherit The new class, called a child class, can add its own unique
properties and methods from existing parent classes. features while still benefiting from the parent's
functionalities, promoting code reuse and reducing
development time.

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Key Feature 4: Polymorphism - Many forms, one
interface
Flexibility and Adaptability Dynamic Behavior

Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be Polymorphism allows objects to respond differently to the
treated as objects of a common type, enabling code that same method call, making code more flexible and
can handle multiple types of objects with a single adaptable to changes.
interface.

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Other Important Features: Modularity & Reusability
Modular Design Code Reuse

OOP promotes breaking down a program into independent, Reusable modules can be shared and reused across
reusable modules, making it easier to understand, different projects, increasing efficiency and reducing
maintain, and modify. development time.

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Benefits of OOP: Increased productivity and
maintainability
Enhanced Code Reusability Improved Maintainability

OOP promotes code reuse through inheritance and Modular design and encapsulation make it easier to isolate
modularity, reducing development time and effort. and fix errors, leading to more maintainable and robust
software.

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OOP in Practice: Examples in
Java, Python, and C++

1 Java: A widely used OOP 2 Python: A versatile OOP

language known for its language with a focus on
platform independence. readability and ease of
use.

3 C++: A powerful OOP language that provides low-level control

and efficiency.

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Conclusion: The power and flexibility of OOP
A Powerful Paradigm A Foundation for Innovation

OOP has become a dominant paradigm in software Its principles continue to shape the future of software
development, enabling the creation of complex, development, driving innovation and advancing
maintainable, and adaptable software systems. technological progress.

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