GE-PH RIPH&MBHSKNP

Compiled by SHELLAWIN M. OMAR

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SHELLAWIN M. OMAR, JD
1ST SEMESTER, SY 2021-2022
 GE-PH RIPH&MBHSKNP
Compiled by SHELLAWIN M. OMAR

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 GE-PH RIPH&MBHSKNP
Compiled by SHELLAWIN M. OMAR

F. ACT OF PROCLAMATION OF INDEPENDENCE OF THE FILIPINO PEOPLE

Primary Source:

ACT OF PROCLAMATION OF INDEPENDENCE OF THE FILIPINO PEOPLE

(Acta de la proclamación de la independencia del pueblo Filipino)

In the town of Cavite-Viejo, Province of Cavite, this 12th day of June 1898:

BEFORE ME, Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista, War Counsellor and Special Delegate designated to
proclaim and solemnize this Declaration of Independence by the Dictatorial Government of the Philippines,
pursuant to, and by virtue of, a Decree issued by the Egregious Dictator Don Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy,

The undersigned assemblage of military chiefs and others of the army who could not attend, as well
as the representatives of the various towns,

Taking into account the fact that the people of this country are already tired of bearing the ominous
yoke of Spanish domination,

Because of arbitrary arrests and abuses of the Civil Guards who cause deaths in connivance with
and even under the express orders of their superior officers who at times would order the shooting of those
placed under arrest under the pretext that they attempted to escape in violation of known Rules and
Regulations, which abuses were left unpunished, and because of unjust deportations of illustrious Filipinos,
especially those decreed by General Blanco at the instigation of the Archbishop and the friars interested in
keeping them in ignorance for egoistic and selfish ends, which deportations were carried out through
processes more execrable than those of the Inquisition which every civilized nation repudiates as a trial
without hearing,

Had resolved to start a revolution in August 1896 in order to regain the independence and
sovereignty of which the people had been deprived by Spain through Governor Miguel López de Legazpi
who, continuing the course followed by his predecessor Ferdinand Magellan who landed on the shores of
Cebu and occupied said Island by means of a Pact of Friendship with Chief Tupas, although he was killed in
battle that took place in said shores to which battle he was provoked by Chief Kalipulako of Mactan who
suspected his evil designs, landed on the Island of Bohol by entering also into a Blood Compact with its Chief
Sikatuna, with the purpose of later taking by force the Island of Cebu, and because his successor Tupas did
not allow him to occupy it, he went to Manila, the capital, winning likewise the friendship of its Chiefs
Soliman and Lakandula, later taking possession of the city and the whole Archipelago in the name of Spain
by virtue of an order of King Philip II, and with these historical precedents and because in international law
the prescription established by law to legalize the vicious acquisition of private property is not recognized,
the legitimacy of such revolution cannot be put in doubt which was calmed but not completely stifled by the
pacification proposed by Don Pedro A. Paterno with Don Emilio Aguinaldo as President of the Republic
established in Biak-na-Bato and accepted by Governor-General Don Fernando Primo de Rivera under terms,
both written and oral, among them being a general amnesty for all deported and convicted persons; that by
reason of the non-fulfillment of some of the terms, after the destruction of the Spanish Squadron by the North
American Navy, and bombardment of the plaza of Cavite, Don Emilio Aguinaldo returned in order to initiate
a new revolution and no sooner had he given the order to rise on the 31st of last month when several towns
anticipating the revolution, rose in revolt on the 28th, such that a Spanish contingent of 178 men, between
Imus and Cavite-Viejo, under the command of a major of the Marine Infantry capitulated, the revolutionary
movement spreading like wild fire to other towns of Cavite and the other provinces of Bataan, Pampanga,
Batangas, Bulacan, Laguna, and Morong, some of them with seaports and such was the success of the victory
of our arms, truly marvelous and without equal in the history of colonial revolutions that in the first mentioned
province only the Detachments in Naic and Indang remained to surrender; in the second, all Detachments
had been wiped out; in the third, the resistance of the Spanish forces was localized in the town of San
Fernando where the greater part of them are concentrated, the remainder in Macabebe, Sexmoan, and
Guagua; in the fourth, in the town of Lipa; in the fifth, in the capital and in Calumpit; and in the last two
remaining provinces, only in their respective capitals, and the city of Manila will soon be besieged by our
forces as well as the provinces of Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, Pangasinan, La Union, Zambales, and some others in
the Visayas where the revolution at the time of the pacification and others even before, so that the
independence of our country and the revindication of our sovereignty is assured.
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Compiled by SHELLAWIN M. OMAR

And having as witness to the rectitude of our intentions the Supreme Judge of the Universe, and
under the protection of the Powerful and Humanitarian Nation, the United States of America, we do hereby
proclaim and declare solemnly in the name and by authority of the people of these Philippine Islands,

That they are and have the right to be free and independent; that they have ceased to have any
allegiance to the Crown of Spain; that all political ties between them are and should be completely severed
and annulled; and that, like other free and independent States, they enjoy the full power to make War and
Peace, conclude commercial treaties, enter into alliances, regulate commerce, and do all other acts and things
which an Independent State has a right to do,

And imbued with firm confidence in Divine Providence, we hereby mutually bind ourselves to
support this Declaration with our lives, our fortunes, and with our most sacred possession, our Honor.

We recognize, approve, and ratify, with all the orders emanating from the same, the Dictatorship
established by Don Emilio Aguinaldo whom we revere as the Supreme Head of this Nation, which today
begins to have a life of its own, in the conviction that he has been the instrument chosen by God, in spite of
his humble origin, to effectuate the redemption of this unfortunate country as foretold by Dr. Don José Rizal
in his magnificent verses which he composed in his prison cell prior to his execution, liberating it from the
Yoke of Spanish domination,

And in punishment for the impunity with which the Government sanctioned the commission of
abuses by its officials, and for the unjust execution of Rizal and others who were sacrificed in order to please
the insatiable friars in their hydropical thirst for vengeance against and extermination of all those who oppose
their Machiavellian ends, trampling upon the Penal Code of these Islands, and of those suspected persons
arrested by the Chiefs of Detachments at the instigation of the friars, without any form nor semblance of trial
and without any spiritual aid of our sacred Religion; and likewise, and for the same ends, eminent Filipino
priests, Doctor Don Jose Burgos, Don Mariano Gomez, and Don Jacinto Zamora were hanged whose
innocent blood was shed due to the intrigues of these so-called Religious corporations which made the
authorities to believe that the military uprising at the fort of San Felipe in Cavite on the night of January 21,
1872 was instigated by those Filipino martyrs, thereby impeding the execution of the decree-sentence issued
by the Council of State in the appeal in the administrative case interposed by the secular clergy against the
Royal Orders that directed that the parishes under them within the jurisdiction of this Bishopric be turned
over to the Recollects in exchange for those controlled by them in Mindanao which were to be transferred to
the Jesuits, thus revoking them completely and ordering the return of those parishes, all of which proceedings
are on file with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to which they are sent last month of last year for the issuance
of the proper Royal Degree which, in turn, caused the growth of the tree of liberty in this our dear land that
grew more and more through the iniquitous measures of oppression, until the last drop from our chalice of
suffering having been drained, the first spark of revolution broke out in Caloocan, spread out to Santamesa
and continued its course to the adjoining regions of the province where the unequalled heroism of its
inhabitants fought a onesided battle against superior forces of General Blanco and General Polavieja for a
period of three months, without proper arms nor ammunitions, except bolos, pointed bamboos, and arrows.

Moreover, we confer upon our famous Dictator Don Emilio Aguinaldo all the powers necessary to
enable him to discharge the duties of Government, including the prerogatives of granting pardon and amnesty,

And, lastly, it was resolved unanimously that this Nation, already free and independent as of this
day, must use the same flag which up to now is being used, whose design and colors are found described in
the attached drawing, the white triangle signifying the distinctive emblem of the famous Society of the
"Katipunan" which by means of its blood compact inspired the masses to rise in revolution; the three stars,
signifying the three principal Islands of this Archipelago-Luzon, Mindanao, and Panay where this
revolutionary movement started; the sun representing the gigantic steps made by the sons of the country along
the path of Progress and Civilization; the eight rays, signifying the eight provinces-Manila, Cavite, Bulacan,
Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Bataan, Laguna, and Batangas - which declared themselves in a state of war as soon
as the first revolt was initiated; and the colors of Blue, Red, and White, commemorating the flag of the United
States of North America, as a manifestation of our profound gratitude towards this Great Nation for its
disinterested protection which it lent us and continues lending us.

And holding up this flag of ours, I present it to the gentlemen here assembled:
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Compiled by SHELLAWIN M. OMAR

Don Segundo Arellano Don Fausto Tinorio Don Sixto Roldan

Don Tiburcio del Rosario Don Rosendo Simón Don Luis de Lara
Don Sergio Matias Don Leon Tanjanque Don Marcelo Basa
Don Agapito Zialcita Don Gregorio Bonifacio Don José Medina
Don Flaviano Alonzo Don Manuel Salafranca Don Epifanio Crisia
Don Mariano Legazpi Don Simon Villareal Don Pastor López de León
Don José Turiano Santiago y Don Calixto Lara Don Mariano de los Santos
Acosta Don Buenaventura Toribio Don Santiago García
Don Aurelio Tolentino Don Zacarias Fajardo Don Claudio Tria Tirona
Don Felix Ferrer Don Florencio Manalo Don Estanislao Tria Tirona
Don Felipe Buencamino Don Ramon Gana Don Daniel Tria Tirona
Don Fernando Canon Faustino Don Marcelino Gómez Don Andrés Tria Tirona
Don Anastacio Pinzun Don Valentin Polintan Don Carlos Tria Tirona
Don Timoteo Bernabe Don Felix Polintan Don Sulpicio P. Antony
Don Flaviano Rodríguez Don Evaristo Dimalanta Don Epitacio Asunción
Don Gavino Masancay Don Gregorio Álvarez Don Catalino Ramon
Don Narciso Mayuga Don Sabas de Guzmán Don Juan Bordador
Don Gregorio Villa Don Esteban Francisco Don José del Rosario
Don Luis Pérez Tagle Don Guido Yaptinchay Don Proceso Pulido
Don Canuto Celestino Don Mariano Rianzares Bautista Don José María del Rosario
Don Marcos Jocson Don Francisco Arambulo Don Ramón Magcamco
Don Martin de los Reyes Don Antonio Gonzales Don Antonio Calingo
Don Ciriaco Bausa Don Juan Arevalo Don Pedro Mendiola
Don Manuel Santos Don Ramon Delfino Don Estanislao Calingo
Don Mariano Toribio Don Honorio Tiongco Don Numeriano Castillo
Don Gabriel Reyes Don Francisco del Rosario Don Federico Tomacruz
Don Hugo Lim Don Epifanio Saguil Don Teodoro Yatco
Don Emiliano Lim Don Ladislao Afable José Don Ladislao Diwa,

Who solemnly swear to recognize and defend it unto the last drop of their blood.:

In witness thereof, I certify that this Act of Declaration of Independence was signed by me and by
all those here assembled including the only stranger who attended those proceedings, a citizen of the U.S.A.,
Mr. L. M. Johnson, a Colonel of Artillery.

Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista

War Counselor and Special Delegate-Designate