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Deep Learning Tutorial

Last Updated : 16 Dec, 2024

Deep Learning tutorial covers the basics and more advanced topics, making
it perfect for beginners and those with experience. Whether you’re just
starting or looking to expand your knowledge, this guide makes it easy to
learn about the different technologies of Deep Learning.

Deep Learning is a branch of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that enables

machines to learn from large amounts of data.
It uses neural networks with many layers to automatically find patterns
and make predictions.
It is very useful for tasks like image recognition, language translation, and
speech processing.
Deep learning models learn directly from data, without the need for
manual feature extraction.
Popular applications of Deep Learning include self-driving cars, chatbots,
medical image analysis, and recommendation systems.

Introduction to Neural Networks

Neural Networks are fundamentals of deep learning inspired by human
brain. It consists of layers of interconnected nodes, or “neurons,” each
designed to perform specific calculations. These nodes receive input data,
process it through various mathematical functions, and pass the output to
subsequent layers.

Biological Neurons vs Artificial Neurons

Single Layer Perceptron
Multi-Layer Perceptron
Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)

Basic Components of Neural Networks

The basic components of neural network are:

Neurons
 Layers in Neural Networks
Weights and Biases
Forward Propagation
Activation Functions
Loss Functions
Backpropagation
Learning Rate

Optimization Algorithm in Deep Learning

Optimization algorithms in deep learning are used to minimize the loss

function by adjusting the weights and biases of the model. The most
common ones are:

Gradient Descent
Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD)
Mini-batch Gradient Descent
RMSprop (Root Mean Square Propagation)
Adam (Adaptive Moment Estimation)

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are a class of deep neural
networks that are designed for processing grid-like data, such as images.
They use convolutional layers to automatically detect patterns like edges,
textures, and shapes in the data.

Basics of Digital Image Processing

Need for CNN
Strides
Padding
Convolutional Layers
Pooling Layers
Fully Connected Layers
Batch Normalization
Backpropagation in CNNs

To learn about the implementation, you can explore the following

articles:
 CNN based Image Classification using PyTorch
CNN based Images Classification using TensorFlow

CNN Based Architectures

There are various architectures in CNNs that have been developed for
specific kinds of problems, such as:

1. LeNet-5
2. AlexNet
3. VGG-16 Network
4. VGG-19 Network
5. GoogLeNet/Inception
6. ResNet (Residual Network)
7. MobileNet

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs)

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are a class of neural networks that are
used for modeling sequence data such as time series or natural language.

Vanishing Gradient and Exploding Gradient Problem

How RNN Differs from Feedforward Neural Networks
Backpropagation Through Time (BPTT)
Types of Recurrent Neural Networks
Bidirectional RNNs
Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)
Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM)
Gated Recurrent Units (GRU)

Generative Models in Deep Learning

Generative models generate new data that resembles the training data. The
key types of generative models include:

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)

Autoencoders
Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs)

Variants of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)

GANs consists of two neural networks – the generators and the
discriminator that compete with each other in a game like framework. The
variants of GANs include the following:

Deep Convolutional GAN (DCGAN)

Conditional GAN (cGAN)
Cycle-Consistent GAN (CycleGAN)
Super-Resolution GAN (SRGAN)
Wasserstein GAN (WGAN)
StyleGAN

Types of Autoencoders

Autoencoders are neural networks used for unsupervised learning that

learns to compress and reconstruct data. There are different types of
autoencoders that serve different purpose such as noise reduction,
generative modelling and feature learning.

Sparse Autoencoder
Denoising Autoencoder
Undercomplete Autoencoder
Contractive Autoencoder
Convolutional Autoencoder
Variational Autoencoder

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL)

Deep Reinforcement Learning combines the representation learning power
of deep learning with the decision-making ability of reinforcement learning.
It enables agents to learn optimal behaviors in complex environments
through trial and error, using high-dimensional sensory inputs.

Reinforcement Learning
Markov Decision Processes
Function Approximation

Key Algorithms in Deep Reinforcement Learning

Deep Q-Networks (DQN)

REINFORCE
Actor-Critic Methods
 Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO)

Application of Deep Learning

Image Recognition: Identifying objects, faces, and scenes in photos and
videos.
Natural Language Processing (NLP): Powering language translation,
chatbots, and sentiment analysis.
Speech Recognition: Converting spoken language into text for virtual
assistants like Siri and Alexa.
Medical Diagnostics: Detecting diseases from X-rays, MRIs, and other
medical scans.
Recommendation Systems: Personalizing suggestions for movies, music,
and shopping.
Autonomous Vehicles: Enabling self-driving cars to recognize objects
and make driving decisions.
Fraud Detection: Identifying unusual patterns in financial transactions
and preventing fraud.
Gaming: Enhancing AI in games and creating realistic environments in
virtual reality.
Predictive Analytics: Forecasting customer behavior, stock prices, and
weather trends.
Generative Models: Creating realistic images, deepfake videos, and AI-
generated art.
Robotics: Automating industrial tasks and powering intelligent drones.
Customer Support: Enhancing chatbots for instant and intelligent
customer interactions.
FAQS on Deep Learning

Which language is used for deep Learning?

Deep learning can be implemented using various programming

languages, but some of the most commonly used ones are Python,
C++, Java, and MATLAB.

What is the First Layer of Deep Learning?

The input layer is the first layer in any deep Learning Model.

How can I start learning deep learning?

You can easily start deep learning by following the given Steps:

1. First, Learn machine learning basics.

2. Start Learning Python.

3. Choose a deep learning framework.

4. Learn neural network basics.

5. Practice with toy datasets.

6. At Last, Work on real-world projects.

Is CNN deep learning?

Yes, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are a type of deep

learning model commonly used in image recognition and computer
vision tasks.

What is the difference between AI and deep learning?

 Deep learning is a type of Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning
that imitates the way humans gain certain types of knowledge.

What are the four pillars of Machine Learning?

The four pillars of deep learning are artificial neural networks,

backpropagation, activation functions, and gradient descent.

Where can I practice Deep Learning interview questions?

You can prepare interview with our recommended Deep Learning

Interview Question and answer

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Introduction to Deep Learning

Similar Reads
Deep Learning Tutorial
Deep Learning tutorial covers the basics and more advanced topics, making it perfect for beginners and
those with experience. Whether you're just starting or looking to expand your knowledge, this guide…

5 min read

Introduction to Deep Learning

Basic Neural Network

Activation Functions

Artificial Neural Network

Classification

Regression
Hyperparameter tuning

Introduction to Convolution Neural Network

Recurrent Neural Network

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