Classiftealon
Dvsin Gymno perm
|Cou -Confopsida
|Order - Cornifrales
lamily- Pinaceoee
Genus- Pinus
folage leaves
wneedle)
Scale a dvorf shoot
leaves
Scale leaves
long shot
port of slen thoning
fig S0.4: of Abranches.
DATE :/4.10. 2025 ExPE RIMENT 10
A
IM OF THE EXPERI MENT:
and
he syplied pacimen
PkE PARAIDN OF SLIDE
s ta ken on Ahe slide and staine!
Le Small poreion he speci men
he
with safeanin. Aece to the Jhalls
maleial s mountecl with fo
Spieimen à talen The stained
ver slip and sea let
.
and then Cover ed with corer
61 the omiéroAcpe.
obsere ve it cndere the
obsereve
wifh DP. X. Ler thu,
DBSERVAI ON
1. STUDy 0F Ex TERNAL feATURES :
tal conlcal
() I cs a talu teee and and Jherora, Communty jrouped
under conj es.
) The planf bocly is cifren tialed iato reoots slem and leaves.
) nderg round too ysem D ,lolo by tap eools ohieh clisappenne
and on lateral eoot pesut lajer
rools genenaly Suerounded
the ecto Ynephie my comnhie. Covered
( deual breanch ystem
ys Consitfs
consicte 9f ylindical orough (beng
CHh scaly bark) and branched sfem.
monopoclial an he branches are
(vi) the branching
io whoes.
(ii) ghe breanches are dimorphie los two pe)- branche
unlimiel 9rcocth bre long shoot and brcanehes limitel
Sholla.
) Branohe an limileel goewh orr ony shoots aee preesen t
the main Vrunk. Jhese ioter val.
C) Branehes al imited lwanf shool one boren e on the
shooto in the axile 6oale leayes,
main sfem and
scale leaves and bear
Waar shooa leaves
alo Possess
at the
l(x) Jhe leaves arce dimorephe (5
alao dimorphie (of two ypes) - scale leaves and
(eaves .
i) 6cale leaves brown memb reaneous and small, Jhey arre
present On beth Ihe pe breanches (ie, long ane lsoafshoob.)
are boren e
|(xi) foliage eaves aree geen aeiculare ane' needle ke .Jh
shoots.
ongy the uinß nealle like folioge leaves
s knolon as a
|(Ci) d dra wf wilk a group ofreeles
a
vareies
folan spu&. The number bf"has a ingle eaf groap
and spur known as
o sooec'es . P. monephylla
foilar , ohileto tn P. Sy/vea tre's
Syreste's two lekves are present and Splur
monoo geoa neoliana ,hey anare
Cs caed as bifoilan . Ja Vp. longko l'a and P.
eias oalleel a trijolioe
haee in num ben, the spure Qnd
Buadijeilar spur being
in P. eroelsa
the needle vaeies
fo heir number ia a
(xi) Jhe shape le needle in a
spure. Jh 2. sylestis7S. (oth bijo lian
Semi- cculoarc io while tn P.
neelle almost uagulae
mon oecLo ws. Plaat bears male and female epecducftive
v) Pinu
in Cones he same plat.
boren e on ateral breanehes enlinited
kvi) Jhe male lon es
are
ace
prro cluoeo/ in clesfers and meplace Dhe duab
Qe
formed earler in Seas on than he
he
female Cones
borne ermina lly
oree
branches of tolimiteel
kvi) The femle
place he long shoot. The
Cones
ingh and
9rath. hey are pro cluced eey
Vfemale con agpeas afle
epidtrmis hypodermis
cuticle
sloma
Sub- stomatal cavity
endo dermis
pericyele < >Mesophyll
’medullory ray
sphloem
resin Canbium
Canal
Vaspular mel anylem
bundle
trans{usion Mprotonglem
issue
cellular delails
dneedle (folkage leaf)-
Fig 10.2.: Pinus. T.6.
ane not bn one ant
|(xvü) Generra lty male and Cones
Came breanch
SHODT AT UPPEK END:
2. STUD y DE S. DE THE DwARF at it bese.
tally slomilo to one
() he struetue eAsen
the duark shool,
sheol. towareta
towa rocls he lppen pontang
the
( ) he tissues of to Yhe nunber
pan ta, eoreregponliny
besome seperateel into qualPnus gerrarecliana whh foifoliar pur
leaves ghoet into fo hree egual pant hle
Show's dlivisior b6 he olwonß
inequalPquedele
pora
with
stomate poresent all
epide rems wh
Cü)ak art shows dittintt
Ovee.
y the ceetin. Resin ana la
coreter sla mat port
G) Pareenchymatew in he Coe
aree voscular
joial, collaterra l and endarch Cistinc t endodema
Centae ho Con Sure ounded
() Ja he These arce
bundles re prresent .
nd perteyle. :
NEEDL E CLEAF)
3. STUDy OF TS.
0F o the species
bech'on spur is bifolio)
(i) The outlne the
ifoli'an , Sem - cireular
spur is mesphyll and slele
(Teianqulbn clyerenlatel ibto epiclerma,
(ü) Jhe Deeelle is ond hiaiy
cingle
uteul areiz ed cels.
preaent all the
Sunken. hese ae
C) Stormata asee Ceatl fo be amphsto ma te
Jhe peeclle
epdorns
stoma kal
o pidermis ancl -2 layerel in oher par ádelemenoby oma fus
Ahe Co ren ees egten. Celle aee
chamberes occus tn hu
onel fibmous.
ypodermsH mte
o0 esphyll la be los he bypedermisI
wth the 06lorupasts umnous
forrenehyme tous el, denely lled
tnto the
ike igotdings preject oells. ell
plot the wall omesop hyll
n the scle nolie
M) fesin tanal 9enena lly Occure
also 0Ccure On
in thel mesphyll tissue
Censpicucus. Cells ae barnel shaped and tangentey
(viw Endlodermis
penicyele. hu tissue.
(x) tuo as Cular bunclles cemain buerounded
generaeobus, here only on e vascular bundlle ).
one an ofher
C) he asculan bunelles aree sepera tecl
lissuk.
Shaped -hick trcns fulion
walec
lar bunclle cA conjoint ooer.
Collafera l andabaxial
Cx) Each sCu tocate On he Side
adaxia/ sde. Phbem
Ore eom one anoth er by
ü) lem ond phloem groups
blae'the néedle anb by parenchy ma tdlas
oambiun at the blse
celle io the uppere region.
ny litle luing which the medalaay y
(ut) Becondary an phloem.
Peature of peoral inlerest . II shows the
(x) Characteres
Narow aci cular
a)
(b) Paesence h,
Bte
thick
natuee
a) Snken sto omata.
(e) Thickened andsolereenohy ora tous hypoclermi.
() Safolded pg- Gke sleaetures th mesophyll.
tissue.
vas cul are
Io 1
Scale
leaves
cluster of male cone
female
COne folioge
leaves
long sho¡i. dwarf shoob
fiq t0.3: Atuwig with male and female Cone.
cones in cluster
Fq Jo.4: Male
yL LS AND MICRO -
6 STU>Y OF MALE CONE, MIlCKD SPOKOPH
-SPoRANGIA :
boch male one oreise a tho
() ale con es reeploce he dwark shoota. baeh
axle efo a scale laf. he mple shoel, on nhich hese ee
pooleceet, Continu es fanthen
io elusl ers on the shoo ta of he Same
() Uale cone Orre
grouped
arcund tohel
(ü) Each male Cone has sinsle cenleally located cone axa
arce
may scay miono poryla
Ev) Eock nicreosporophyll hu an expanded truiangular cenfeal porl
base , lermine/ part pojeotV tnto a tip.
and stalk - like .
are sterile, and do not beare male
) fes lower most sporo phylla
eprto duotive Suctures
fwo ovold
miero &po reophyll beans two
) Co the abaxial stele, each
poller lateral side.
hih enoloses many
(bi) Eeh miero sporangium has ita bon oall
(micrco spores . and
|(i) he mier opore gphevial in shay
uni nucleate.
wall
gralh shows two eidlialcells. ayers
(éx) o matre oni'creo spore bre poller anthe
exin e and intine two pcothallca? cellu anc
has a thik erplanded exine in he form ß
) Pollen grains by a smoeth intine.
the sieles folloced
ongs 'on
’miorosporohylls
>Cove axis
’ mirosçorores
(pollen qrains)
miorosporan qium
(poller sao)
Fig d0.5: L.s. of male cone
micro cporangia
(pollen sac)
Fig 90.6: Amicro spurophl with
two micro sporangia Seen
from lower side
It prohe llal cel
z And prolhellial
nucleus cell
Cyeplasm -extine
antherndal
intine cell.
A
Wing B
lig l0.7: Mirocpores (Pallen orain) .A young B. 0ld
5. STUD y 0F LS. OF MALE CONE :
Cone axis beaning a omienosponophyls.
() The one axs centraly looated.
are ypina y aranged .. hese ae
and expancecl.
to the Cone a Xis a stal - ke base.
iv) Jf b ataahed
( The cuter espancle! port abasin! suaface.
) licro kporcan gta present on the
the
Oce
lowee
has a wall hat encloses a covthy
iam
reong em
mierorospoSporeag
(vii) The val! Consib
wall piderma, bvall layers and
(is) he Cavity shows humeeous micraspor ea
development.
CONE
6. STUD y 0F MDRPAOLD &y DF THE FEMALE
borene at
han the male cone, Jhey are the shoof
() Female Cone Ovee largere elongated shoob
Ihe apiees o he sho).
Unlimited grsc,h (ong which a
four female con
Cone
to matunes in hree
() Single Shoot omay bear one
eans
colo e and
Neddish - geen ac e
Con es are Co
mpoct and Sporo
to nature
Cones ae
and cuoedy
(v) Jhe 6econd yeen
OUee
bet
hird Cone beco m es axs
o he the Cone
bne anolher dlue
Cons ts
Gv) Each female Cone
Qxis.
aroundl the Cone
Fig fo.e : 1st year
fem ale cone
Itq 10.9: Znd Year
{emale cone
Fig 10.40 : }rd Year
emale Cone
outer flauh hcopgle
tone axIS layer
middle pollen chamber
sluey layer nucellar beak
inner {lashy
(ayer
ovule ardh eqoniune ardegonol
Chamber
brocl
Scale
ovalferous
Stale fomale
nucleu gamdtephye
(ondospan)
ig s0.J2: L-S. of ovale.
7 STUDy THE L.S. DF FEMALE CONE :
(E) female Cone %centraly locateel Cone ari and
spiealy annanged sporophyll
two kinds
[cale br Cone soale and 9 ovuleferous scale seminifereous
scale.
Cü) any small
small onel hio brract scales are arerea
arra nged piraly
arouñd the con e axs They dieecty borene on he coCone
are
axu . Eoch
ach o thee à preient on the abaxial llower) aide B
the ovalfercous scale.
(üo On the adarial bspper) stole if the bract crale, a hick, large,
lwoocy anal tiangulan ovubferous scale b preuent -
Jhe övaliferous scale in the midldle paet the cone are he
lrgest and get gradualy smalen fowandi it base and
) Ovilerous scale and bract seale are fused distanse
Dean the Cone axu while (reee af a ldisto n a Ctle
cohile ance
) Ovelifenas seale s short'y stalked and cest he poet à
eyonded.
|(M) t he base o thu exp onded , liansulor part, tuo naked cnd
seuile ovale Qe pa esent Jhese ane Vsituated on the adaxial
the (erous sca le , at ia base , wth their
miertopyles clirested owards axs.
(an) The torminal paret he buulijeroas seale u broad ad
and' sterile ond
10 13
8. STUDy Of L.S. DE OVULE
() Ovule s log ated in shaye.
nitegmic and the integument is thzee layered. Jhe ouleme
layen b hin
hia. he midldle layén à stony Gnd pominent, he
toneremost layon s tony fliahy and well develpmest.
( ucellus es fused wh inner layer ol he iateg um ent, except at
forns Qn olonfated ,D and slerr micnapyle
diree ted fowaras the cone axs.
G) a the
() nucellan rgion lies a Small fpasite tho
pollen ahambol
|00 Aenalkanthegonia (endespern) differen tiated from
gan ehphyteare (endaspen) nucellus. Ahet
egib, at he
situated in fhis eegion micropylan
2nd neare the bae he anchegontal chamber.
9 STUD y OF SEED :
) feret i'sed onales get tronsformed isto se ecls whech aree Stuated on
the aclaxial sidle o the ovuliferous scale
kcale atat itsit base neare the cone
Jhe
CÖ) Seecle are Smal, elongatecl ond wtnsed. Jhe olg u a th
fissue plte ohe aaxial the
soale.
(Seed lon be best stuc'ed seelion
Seed
|Jhe Ceal s coverred oth red Qnd broon Tesfa.
') Toner he nlgument still persusti . If a menbran
- e0s ) hia and fermed
() The nucells is pruent as a 7hin layere anc Q nuce lluas
at the micxopylar nd
() The he seed conss to
