VELAMMAL BODHI CAMPUS – THENI
SUBJECT: BIOLOGY
MARKS 70 FULL PORTION QUESTION PAPER SET -2
SECTION A
1.. Anthers and filaments form the _____
a) gynoecium
b) calyx
c) androecium
d) corolla
2. What is the function of filiform apparatus in an angiospermic embryo sac?
(a) Brings about opening of the pollen tube
(b) Guides the pollen tube into a synergid
(c) Prevents entry of more than one pollen tube into a synergid
(d) None of these
3. Immediately after ovulation, the mammalian egg is covered by a membrane
known as
(a) chorion
(b) zona pellucida
(c) corona radiata
(d) vitelline membrane.
4. Which method can be used for women that cannot produce ovum but can
provide suitable environment ?
(a) IUD
(b) GIFT
(c) IUI
(d) ICSI
5. Intensely lactating mothers do not generally conceive due to the
(a) suppression of gonadotropins
(b) hypersecretion of gonadotropins .
(c) suppression of gametic transport
(d) suppression of fertilisation.
6. In sickle cell anaemia glutamic acid is replaced by valine. Which one of the
following triplets codes for valine ?
(a) GGG
(b) A AG
(c) G A A
(d) GUG
7. Which of the following will not result in variations among siblings ?
(a) Independent assortment of genes
(b) Crossing over
(c) Linkage
(d) Mutation
8. If a double stranded DNA has 20% of cytosine, what will be the percentage
of adenine in it ?
(a) 20%
(b) 40%
(c) 30%
(d) 60%
9.The stomach of various ruminants contains _________
(a) Acidophiles
(b) Halophiles
(c) Methanogens
(d) All of the above
10. The three steps involved in PCR are ________
a) annealing, extension, and denaturation
b) extension, denaturation, and annealing
c) denaturation, annealing, and extension
d) denaturation, extension, and annealing
11. α -1 antitrypsin is
(a) An antacid
(b) An enzyme
(c) Used to treat arthritis
(d) Used to treat emphysema.
12. The 10% energy transfer law of food chain was given by
a) Tansley
b) Stanley
c) Weismann
d) Lindeman
(A) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct
explanation of assertion (A).
(B) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
13.Assertion (A) : In human male, testes are extra abdominal and lie in scrotal
sacs.
Reason (R): Scrotum protects the testes
14. Assertion [A]: Evolution is a continuous process that takes millions of years
for speciation.
Reason [R]: During evolution, the only mutation leads to speciation.
15. Assertion (A): Fever is a symptom for infection.
Reason(R): Pathogens cannot tolerate high temperatures.
16. Assertion : Conservationists have identified the biodiversity hotspots for
maximum protection.
Reason : The species that are found in these areas have less significance than
the ones in other parts of the world.
SECTION-B
17. Why do most zygotes develop after a certain amount of embryo is formed?
18. Give an example of a gene responsible for multiple phenotypic expressions.
What are such genes called ? State the cause that is responsible for such an
effect?
19. Name the host and the site where the following occur in the life-cycle of a
malarial parasite:
(a) formation of gametocytes (b) fusion of gametocytes.
20. Name the source of Taq polymerase. Explain the advantage of its use in
biotechnology.
21. Explain with the help of two examples, how the pyramid of number and the
pyramid of biomass can look inverted.
OR
Describe how do oxygen and chemical composition of detritus control
decomposition.
SECTION C
22. Draw a diagram of the microscopic structure of human sperm. Label the
following parts in it and write their functions.
(a) Acrosome (b) Nucleus (c) Middle piece
OR
Read the graph given above and correlate the uterine events that take place
according to the hormonal levels on
(i) 6-15 days
(ii) 16-25 days
(iii) 26-28 days (if the ovum is not fertilised)
(b) Specify the sources of the hormones mentioned in the graph.
23. Identify ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, ‘d’, ‘e’ and ‘f ’ in the table given below.
24.
(a) What is this diagram representing?
(b) Name the parts a, b and c.
(c) In the eukaryotes the DNA molecules are organized within the nucleus. How
is the DNA molecule organised in a bacterial cell in absence of nucleus?
25. Australian marsupials and placental mammals are suitable examples of
adaptive radiation and convergent evolution. Explain giving reasons.
26. Identify a, b, c, d, e and f in the table given below:
27. Explain enzyme- replacement therapy to treat adenosine deaminase
deficiency. Mention two disadvantages of this procedure.
28. Since the origin of life on Earth, there were five episodes of mass extinction
of species.
(a) How is the ‘Sixth Extinction’, presently in progress, different from the
previous episodes?
(b) Who is mainly responsible for the ‘Sixth Extinction’?
(c) List any four points that can help to overcome this disaster
29.
30. Study the graph given below and answer the questions that follow.
(a) Write the status of food and space in the curves A and B.In the absence of
predators, which one of the two curves would appropriately depict the prey
population?
(b) Time has been shown on X-axis and there is a parallel dotted line above it.
Give the significance of this dotted line.
31.
OR
32. What is an operon? Explain an inducible operon.
Or
(i)Which law states that the sum of allelic frequencies in a population is
constant? List the five factors that influence the law.
(ii) If the industries were removed, what impact would it have on the population
of moths in England?
33. (i)State the significance of mother’s milk to a new-born infant.
(ii) How is active immunity different from passive immunity?
OR
(i) Identify A, B, C and D in the following table:
(ii) (a)Cancer is one of the most dreaded disease.
Explain ‘contact inhibition’ and ‘metastasis’ with respect to the disease.
(b) Name the group of genes that have been identified in normal cells that could
lead to cancer. How do these genes cause cancer?
(c) Name any two techniques that are useful in detecting cancers of internal
organs.
ANSWER KEY:
1. C
2. B
3. C
4. B
5. A
6. D
7. C
8. C
9. C
10. C
11. D
12. D
13. B
14. B
15. A
16. C
17. As an adaptation to give guaranteed sustenance to the developing embryo,
the zygote divides only when a particular amount of endosperm is created.
18. Multiple alleles is the presence of more than two alleles of a gene. they are
produced due to repeated mutation of the same gene but in different directions
and show meristic type of germinal variations, e.g.,
eye colour in Drosophila. Multiple alleles occur on the same gene locus of the
same chromosome or its homologue and are responsible for multiple phenotypic
expression.
19. (a) Formation of gametocytes takes place in human host in red blood cells.
(b) Fusion of gametocytes takes place in mosquito, in its stomach.
20. Thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus is the source of thermostable
DNA Taq polymerase. Taq polymerase is a thermostable DNA polymerase
isolated from thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus. Taq polymerase is
heat stable enzyme and is able to withstand high temperature induced
denaturation of DNA during PCR hence it is preferred in PCR reactions.
21. Pyramid of number is inverted in parasitic food chain. Here, a single large
sized producer like tree provides nourishment to several herbivores (e.g., fruit-
eating birds) and each herbivore in turn may support a still larger population of
parasities. thus, from the producer towards consumers, the number of organisms
gradually shows an increase, making the pyramid inverted in shape. Pyramid of
biomass is inverted in shape in aquatic habitats where the biomass of a trophic
level depends upon reproductive potential and longevity of its members. In a
pond, the producers are small organisms, so their biomass is least and this value
gradually shows an increase towards the apex of the pyramid, thus making the
pyramid inverted in shape.
22. The diagram of a human sperm with labeled parts–acrosome, nucleus and
middle piece is as follows:
(a) Acrosome – It contains enzymes called spermlysins that are used to contact
and penetrate the egg at the time of fertilisation.
(b) Nucleus : It contains chromatin material which will be responsible for the
genetic make-up of the future zygote.
(c) Middle piece : It contains mitochondria that provide energy for the
movement of the sperm.
OR
(a) (i) It is the follicular phase during which FSH stimulates the ovarian follicles
to secrete estrogen which in turn stimulate the proliferation of the
endometrium of the uterine wall. the endometrium becomes thicker
accompanied by increase of uterine glands and blood vessels.
(ii) From 16-25 days, secretion of progesterone stimulates the uterine glands to
produce increased amount of watery mucus. Progesterone is also essential for
the maintenance of endometrium which is necessary for the implantation of
fertilised ovum and other events of pregnancy.
(iii) If the ovum does not get fertilised, corpus luteum degenerates which
decrease the level of progesterone. this causes disintegration of the
endometrium leading to menstruation.
(b) Estrogen is secreted by ovarian follicles and progesterone is secreted by
corpus luteum.
23. (a) (i) Partially opened mouth with furrowed tongue.
(ii) Palm is broad with palm crease
(b) Both
(c) Klinefelter’s
(d) Male
(e) (i) Sterile female with poorly developed ovaries and under developed
breasts.
(ii) Webbed neck and broad chest
(f) Female
24. (a) The diagram represents the structure of a nucleosome.
(b) a = Histone octamer
b = DNA molecule
c = Linker DNA
(c) In a bacterial cell, DNA lies in cytoplasm. It is supercoiled with the help of
RNAs and non-histone basic proteins like polyamines. the compacted mass
of DNA is called as nucleoid.
25. The process of evolution of different species in a given geographical area
starting from a point and literally radiating to other areas of geography
(habitats) is called adaptive radiation e.g., Darwin’s nches. Adaptive radiation
can be referred to as convergent evolution, when more than one adaptive
radiation appeared to have occurred in an isolated geographical area
(representing dierent habitats). E.g., A number of marsupials, each dierent from
the other evolved from an ancestral stock, but all within the Australian island
continent.
26. a - Helps in clearing blood clots inside the blood vessels through dissolution
of intravascular fibrin.
b - Trichoderma polysporum
c - Antifungal, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive prevents rejection
reactions in organ transplantation.
d - Statins
e - Help in lowering blood cholesterol level
f - Lactic acid
27. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) enzyme is crucial for the immune system to
function. Its deficiency is caused due to the deletion of the gene for adenosine
deaminase. In some patients, ADA deficiency can be cured by the bone marrow
transplantation. It can be treated by enzyme replacement therapy, in which
functional ADA is given to the patient by injection. Two disadvantages of
enzyme replacement therapy are :
(i) It is not permanent cure because the replacement patient of ADA deficiency
do not have functional T-lymphocytes, they cannot provide immune
responses against invading pathogens.
(ii) It is a costly method
28. (a) Sixth extinction, i.e., the current species extinction is 100 – 1000 times
faster than extinctions in pre-human times.
(b) Human activities like settlements, hunting, over exploitation and habitat
destruction are mainly responsible for ‘Sixth extinction’.
(c) this disaster can be overcome by the following ways:
(i) Planting large number of trees on road sides and where space is available.
(ii) Avoid introduction of invasive alien species.
(iii) Conserving biodiversity by maintaining National parks, zoos etc.
(iv) Deforestation and fragmentation of forested areas should be stopped.
29.
30. (a) There is ample food and space for the population depicted by the curve
A. When the resources are unlimited, the curve is exponential. There is limiting
food and space for the population depicted by the curve B. When the resources
are limiting, the curve becomes sigmoid. In the absence of predators, curve B
would appropriately depict the prey population.
(b) The dotted line represents the carrying capacity of the environment. The
carrying capacity represents the size of population that the environment can
hold by providing necessary resources. When a population reaches this line its
population size is stabilized by various environmental factors.
31.
(ii)
OR
(ii)
32. An operon is the functional unit of DNA that contains a cluster of genes
controlled by a single promoter. It consists of the following components:
The DNA fragment that transcribes the mRNA.
Regulator gene that codes for a repressor protein.
Inducer that prevents the repressor from binding to the operator.
A promoter where the RNA polymerase binds and initiates the transcription.
An operator that is a DNA sequence adjacent to the promoter where the
repressor protein binds.
The lac operon of E.coli is an inducible operon.
OR
(i) . The law is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The five factors influencing the
law are:
Genetic drift
Mutation
Gene flow
Genetic Recombination
Natural Selection
33. (i)Mother’s milk is considered essential because of the presence of the
colostrum which is a yellowish fluid secreted by the mother in the initial days of
lactation. It has antibodies(IgA) in abundance which is crucial in protecting the
infant from picking up infections.
(ii)
Active Immunity Passive Immunity
Produced by the immune system actively Produced by the immune system passively
Antibodies are produced by immunogens Antibodies are transferred not produced
It involves antigens Involves antibodies
It is durable It is transient
Natural active immunity is by clinical Natural passive immunity is by transfer of antibodies through the
infection placenta
OR
(i) A - Heroine
B - Cardiovascular system
C - Cocaine
D- Central nervous system
(ii) (a) the normal cells are characterised by contact inhibition by virtue of
which contact with other cells inhibits their uncontrolled growth.
Metastasis is a property shown by cancerous cells in which these cells detach
from the tumours and move to distant sites through body fluids and develop
secondary tumours. Metastasis is fatal because the cancerous cells damage other
normal cells, compete with them for vital nutrients and disrupt the normal
metabolism.
(b) Several genes called cellular oncogenes (c-onc) or proto oncogenes have
been identied in normal cells which, when activated under certain conditions,
could lead to oncogenic transformation of the cells (cancer).
(c) Radiography (X-rays) and CT (computerized tomography) are useful in
detecting cancer of internal organs.
