TRANSPOSE OF A MATRIX

Transpose of a matrix is a matrix that is obtained by swapping the rows and

columns of the given matrix or vice versa,

i.e., for the given matrix the elements in rows are interchanged with the elements
in columns. For any given matrix A its transpose is denoted as At, or AT.
Representation of Transpose of Matrix

A = [a(ij)]m × n
At = [a(ji)]n × m
here i, j present the position of a matrix element, row-
and column-wise, respectively, such that,1 ≤ i ≤ m and 1
≤ j ≤ n.
How to Find the Transpose of a Matrix?

The transpose of any matrix can easily be found by changing the values in the
rows with the values in the columns.
For any matrix A2×3, the order is 2×3, which means it has 2 rows and 3 columns.
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
A=
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧

The transpose of matrix A is At of the order 3×2, having 3 rows and 2 columns. In
the transpose matrix, elements of the first row of the given matrix are changed
with the first column of the transpose matrix. Similarly, the elements of the
second row of the given matrix A are swapped with the second column of the
new matrix At, and so on till the whole matrix is swapped.
𝑎 𝑥
At = 𝑏 𝑦
𝑐 𝑧
Transpose of Row and Column Matrix

A matrix that has a single row is known as a row matrix, whereas a matrix that has a
single column is known as a column matrix. The transpose of a row matrix is a column
matrix and vice versa.
For example, if P is a column matrix of order "4 × 1," then its transpose is a row matrix
of order "1 × 4." If Q is a row matrix of order "1 × 3," then its transpose is a column
matrix of order "3 × 1."
𝑎
𝑡 𝑏
𝑃= 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑑 ⇒𝑃 =
𝑐
𝑑
𝑝
𝑄 = 𝑞 ⇒ 𝑄𝑡 = 𝑝 𝑞 𝑟
𝑟
Transpose of Horizontal and Vertical Matrices

If the number of rows in a matrix is less than the number of columns, then the matrix is
known as a horizontal matrix, and if the number of columns in a matrix is less than the
number of rows, then the matrix is known as a vertical matrix. The transpose of a
horizontal matrix is a vertical matrix and vice versa.

For example, if M is a horizontal matrix of order "2 × 3," then its transpose is a vertical
matrix of order "3 × 2."
2 0
2 0 −1
𝑀= ⇒ 𝑀𝑡 = 0 3
0 3 4 2×3
−1 4 3×2
2 3 4
2 4 6 8
4 6 8
𝑁= ⇒ 𝑁 𝑡 = 3 6 9 12
6 9 12
4 8 12 16 3×4
8 12 16 4×3
 Transpose of a Symmetric Matrix

A symmetric matrix is like a special kind of pattern where the numbers are arranged in a way
that mirrors each other across the diagonal line from the top left to the bottom right. The
transpose of a matrix means flipping the matrix over this diagonal line.
For example,
1 2 3
2 4 5
3 5 6
The numbers on either side of the diagonal line are the same: 2 is across from 2, 3 is across from
3, and so on. Now, if we take the transpose of this matrix, we simply flip it over the diagonal line.
So, the numbers that were originally in rows become columns and vice versa.
𝑇
1 2 3 1 2 3
2 4 5 = 2 4 5
3 5 6 3 5 6
the original matrix and its transpose are the same. That's because when you transpose a
symmetric matrix, you get the same matrix back! This is a special property of symmetric matrices.
Transpose of a Diagonal Matrix

A diagonal matrix is like a pattern where the numbers only appear along the diagonal line from
diagonal matrix

the top left to the bottom right, while all other entries are zeros. The transpose of a matrix
means flipping the matrix over this diagonal line.
For example,
2 0 0
0 3 0
0 0 5
the numbers 2, 3, and 5 appear along the diagonal, while all other entries are zeros. Since a
diagonal matrix is already symmetric over its diagonal, the transpose of a diagonal matrix is
simply itself:
𝑇
2 0 0 2 0 0
0 3 0 = 0 3 0
0 0 5 0 0 5
Transpose of a Transposed Matrix

When you transpose a matrix, you essentially flip it over its diagonal line. So, transposing a matrix
that has already been transposed means flipping it back to its original orientation.
For example,
1 4
1 2 3
= 2 5
4 5 6
3 6

Now, if we take the transpose of this transposed matrix:

𝑇
1 4
1 2 3
2 5 =
4 5 6
3 6
Transpose of a Square Matrix

Square matrices are matrices that have an equal number of rows and columns. For any square matrix
Square matrices

An×n, its transpose has the same order i.e., the transpose of A, At has order n × n. The rows and
columns are interchanged in the transpose of a square matrix.

Transpose of a 2 × 2 Matrix Transpose of a 3 × 3 Matrix

For any 2 × 2 matrices A, For any 3 × 3 matrices A,
𝑎 𝑥 𝑎 𝑥 𝑝
A= 𝑏 𝑦
A= 𝑏 𝑦 𝑞
its transpose is At, 𝑐 𝑧 𝑟
𝑎 𝑏
At =
𝑥 𝑦
its transpose is At,
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
At = 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
𝑝 𝑞 𝑟
ACTIVITY:
6.
4.
1 2
1. Find the transpose of matrix A =
3 4

1 2 3 5.
7.
2. Find the transpose of matrix A = 4 5 6
7 8 9

𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
3. Find the transpose of the matrix A =
𝑝 𝑞 𝑟
ACTIVITY: Solution:
1 2
1. Find the transpose of matrix A =
1 2 Transpose of the matrix A = is
3 4 3 4
1 3
At =
2 4

1 2 3 1 2 3
2. Find the transpose of matrix A = 4 5 6 Transpose of the matrix A = 4 5 6 is
7 8 9 7 8 9
1 4 7
At = 2 5 8
3 6 9

𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 The transpose of matrix A is At

3. Find the transpose of the matrix A =
𝑝 𝑞 𝑟
𝑎 𝑝
At = 𝑏 𝑞
𝑐 𝑟
 ANSWER:

4. 4.

5.
5.
 ANSWER:

6.
6.

7. 7.