Report of

stage pv1
2019 - 2020

Carried out by
Friguia Park

1
 Thank you

I would like to thank everyone who contributed to the success of my internship and its smooth running.
First of all, I would like to extend my thanks to my internship supervisor Dr. Mohamed Bayoudh, director and
zoo veterinarian Friguia, for his trust and the knowledge he was able to share with me. I
I also thank him for his availability and the quality of his supervision.
I would also like to thank the caregivers and the park staff for their warm welcome, their
kindness and their perpetual help as well as the sharing of their knowledge regarding the different
park services.
I also extend my thanks to my colleagues; Ilyes, Rim, Fedi, and Helmi.

2
 Objectives of the Internship
Discover the organization of a zoo and recognize its importance primarily in the
preservation of several species of wildlife.
Explore wild animals and discover their lifestyles, diets, and learn about
the characteristic traits of different species.
Learn about the housing arrangements for animals in a zoo and the measures put in place.
place to ensure their well-being by bringing them closer to their natural living environment.

3
 List of figures

Figure 1: Organization of the park.............................................................................................7

Figure 2: Circuit that leads Visitors inside the night shelter..........................9
Figure 3: Electric wire surrounding the sea lion pool fence.............................10
Figure 4: Reinforcing wire for the baboon enclosure fencing..........................10
Figure 5: setup of the shade structure..................................................................................11
Figure 6: awning
Figure 7: enclosure for young white tigers......................................................11
Figure 8: Compartment of plant-based foods...................................................14
Figure 9: Compartment of animal-origin foods.................................14
Figure 10: Preparation of Ground Meat
Figure 11: Meat refrigerator.......................................................................................15
Figure 12: The refrigerator thermometer.........................................................................15
Figure 13: Vegetable Refrigerator...................................................................................15
Figure 14: Vegetable Refrigerator...................................................................................15
Figure 15: Preparation of Fruits and Vegetables
Figure 16: Preparation of Fruits and Vegetables
Figure 17: Broyage du viandes................................................................................................16
Figure 18: feeding sheets of different animal species..........................................17
Figure 19: The tractor...............................................................................................................17
Figure 20: Security Measures...............................................................................................18
Figure 21: Pool Cleaning............................................................................................20
Figure 22: containment cage
Figure 23: containment cage ....................................................................................................21
Figure 24: Dimensions of the containment cage for lions and tigers............................................23
Figure 25: Pool cleaning products:
Figure 26: White lion
Figure 27: Tigre blanc................................................................................................................28
Figure 28: Bengal Tiger.......................................................................................................29
Figure 29: tigre de Bengale........................................................................................................30
Figure 30: Eléphant...................................................................................................................32
Figure 31: Shelter in the center of the Elephants enclosure.............................................................33
Figure 32: Elephant Watering Hole
Figure 33: Cleaning of the Elephant Skin.......................................................35
Figure 34: Cleaning of the Elephant Skin..................................................35
Figure 35: Separation Door
Figure 36 : Générateur de Courant Electrique........................................................................37
Figure 37: Elephant Night Shelter.........................................................................................37
Figure 38: Male and Female Giraffe.............................................................................................39
Figure 39: Giraffe Enclosure...................................................................................................41
Figure 40: Distribution of Foods
Figure 41: Acacia distribution in Giraffes............................................................42
Figure 42: Sea Lion Show
Figure 43: Indoor Swimming Pool
Figure 44: pH Measurement
Figure 45: Internal pool cleaning...................................................................................47
Figure 46 : Le cage d’Abri de nuit............................................................................................47
Figure 47: The air conditioner
Figure 48: Food of Otariids
Figure 49: Tri-B vitamin.........................................................................................................49
Figure 50: Calf Rearing
Figure 51: Insertion of the chip.................................................................................................50
Figure 52: Identification sheet................................................................................................51

4
 List of Tables

Table 1: species presentation............................................................................................22

Table 2: lion feeding sheet...................................................................................26
Table 3: Species presentation.............................................................................................27
Table 4: Presentation of species...............................................................................................29
Table 5: Tiger Feeding Sheet............................................................31
Table 6: Species Presentation.............................................................................................32
Table 7: Elephant feeding sheet.............................................................................39
Table 8: Presentation of species..............................................................................................40
Table 9: Giraffe feeding sheet..............................................................44
Table 10: species presentation...................................................................................................45

5
 Summary

Table of contents
I. Presentation of the park.................................................................................................................................7
II. Design of the park...................................................................................................................................8
1. Design of animal enclosures..........................................................................................................8
2. Design of visitor circuits.......................................................................................................12
III. Introduction of new animals..........................................................................................................13
IV. The park services..................................................................................................................................14
1. Animal cuisine
2. Predatory services.....................................................................................................................................18
A. Special security measures............................................................................................................18
B. Routine operations..............................................................................................................................19
The Lion of Africa
ii. TO BE OF SERVICE..........................................................................................................................23
The white lion
ii. TO HIS SERVICE...........................................................................................................................25
Mineral and vitamin supplement
The white tiger
ii. TO YOUR SERVICE...........................................................................................................................28
Bengal tiger
ii. TO BE AT YOUR SERVICE...........................................................................................................................30
3. Elephant service ...................................................................................................................................... 32
[Link] HIS SERVICE..........................................................................................................................33
4. Giraffe service.............................................................................................................................................39
ii. AT YOUR SERVICE...........................................................................................................................40
5. Sea lion service ............................................................................................................................................. 44
ii. AT YOUR SERVICE...........................................................................................................................45
V. Additional activities.........................................................................................................................50
1. Calf breastfeeding...................................................................................................................................50
2. Insertion of electronic chip.....................................................................................................................50

6
 [Link] of the park:

Figure 1: Organization of the park

Friguia Park is a zoological park located in the 'Enfidha' region and owned by a businessman.
Mr. Mohamed Abed Raouf Kateb.

This park, opened on November 11, 2000, aims to preserve the animal species most threatened by the
distinction.

It covers 36 hectares where the enclosures for animals, visitor circuits, and offices were designed.
the administration.

The park offers jobs for 75 workers, of which the conductor is Dr. Bayoudh Mohammed.

This large number of workers under the direction of the veterinarian facilitates the various tasks carried out within.
from the park and this within the framework of collective work

7
A. The different services of the park:
Given the large scale of the park and the significant number of animals, it has been subdivided into eight services:

Cuisine

Predator

Elephant

Giraffe

Ostrich

Dromedary

Antelope

Otari

The services are provided by the caregivers (usually two). These latter have a very important role.
as for the proper functioning of the park since they prepare the food and feed the animals
At the scheduled times, they clean and disinfect the cages, the enclosures, and the surroundings. They take care of and groom the

animals and assist the veterinarian during restraint to treat or vaccinate them.

[Link] design:

1. Design
of animal enclosures:
The design of animal enclosures in zoos takes into account not only the
animal welfare but also of two other factors whose aim is to promote a better
representation of animals to visitors and to ensure total safety of visitors and workers in
enclosing the pens with electric wires.

8
Figure 2: Circuit that leads Visitors Inside the Night Shelter to see the Giraffes up close

For safety: the fences of the enclosures must be reinforced with electric wires that will be monitored.
daily

9
.

Figure 3: Electric wire surrounding the

closure of the Sea Lion pool

Figure 4: Reinforced electrical wires

grilling of the baboon enclosure

10
 Improvement:
As part of a collective work carried out with my colleagues with the help of a caregiver and under the supervision of
veterinarian has carried out the following:
Cleaning the enclosure by picking up the waste and bones left by the animals after the meal.
Draining and then cleaning the basin with powdered chlorine, followed by filling it with clean water.
Construction of a shelter for better shading for the animals; which is very important especially during
the warm period. This was done by 2 greenhouses installed on the ground and initially covered with a mesh
then by bamboo trunks. Furthermore, we created more shade on the rocks of the enclosure. This work is illustrated
by the images below.

Figure 5: setup of the shade structure Figure 6: canopy

Figure 7: enclosure of young white tigers

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In general, what I noticed is that the nighttime shelter and the enclosures for large animals
Like giraffes, predators and elephants can be represented like this in this diagram:

[Link] of visitor circuits:

The design of the visitor circuits was done in a way that facilitates the observation of the animals as well.
that taking photos.

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 [Link] of new animals:
In order to properly manage the introduction of new animals and ensure their adaptation, it is necessary to...
first time presenting a favorable environment where these animals will be placed and secondly
respecting the different components for animal welfare means meeting the needs
physiologiques , de sécurités et les besoins comportementaux et sociaux.

For this, almost for the case of all the animals in the park, the enclosure consists of a night shelter, a meadow.
enclosure and the enclosure itself. In fact, each new individual must go through the park's clinic before
He will be moved to his enclosure where the caretaker only leaves the night shelter and the pasture accessible by
the animal during the first two weeks. During this adaptation period, the animal is doing well
to know one's living environment and he will know that the night shelter is the place where he will lie down and the meadow

enclosure where he goes to find his food and walk around. He will also be conditioned by the time when the
The caretaker will bring him into the night shelter. After the first two weeks, the caretaker opens the
gate that is located between the enclosed meadow and the enclosure, the animal will subsequently discover the new environment

little by little and as it is

Conditioned by the time to enter the night shelter, the caregiver will not find.

a difficulty in gathering the animals.

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 [Link] services:

[Link] cuisine:
The 'animal cuisine' service is the first link in the chain that contributes to feeding animals.
(The absence of one of the links in this chain will present a real problem for meal distribution to
animals).

Indeed, it is in the animal kitchen where the preparation of rations is done by a team composed of two.
people, one takes care of preparing plant-based rations

intended for herbivorous and omnivorous animals and the other takes care of the preparation of the rations of origin
animal. The rest of the chain is made up of another person who transports the rations by tractor to the
enclosed and also by the caregivers who are concerned not only with the distribution of food to the animals
but also by other daily tasks.

Figure 7: preparation of vegetable rations Figure 8: compartment of plant-based foods

Figure 9: compartment of animal origin foods Figure 10: preparation of minced meat

14
 A refrigerator for vegetables
A meat refrigerator where we also find
inside a freezer

Figure 12: The Refrigerator Thermometer

Figure 11: Meat Refrigerator

Figure 13-14: Vegetable refrigerator

15
 Figure 15-16: Preparation of fruits and vegetables

A machine used to grind meat and prepare soups for..birds

Figure 17: Meat Grinding

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In a corner of the kitchen, there are feeding charts for the various animal species developed.
by the park veterinarian. According to these sheets, the kitchen workers prepare the rations and put them
in bags or boxes to be transported by the tractor to the animal enclosures.

Figure 18: feeding sheets of different animal species

Figure 19: The tractor

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 2. Predator services:

[Link] security measures:

During the design of predator enclosures, and more specifically felids, several measures of
security measures have been taken.

In fact, the fences of a minimum height of 2 meters are made of mesh.

electrified topped with a one meter return oriented at 45° towards the inside of the enclosure.

Electric Wire

Figure 20: security measures

The electric current has a voltage of 1050.

mV, it is noted that each grid is equipped with 12
electric wires separated from each other by a
distance of 25cm.

But, to avoid any risk, during the contact of

eclectic wires with the mesh, there is a
separation between the two (the wire and the mesh)
at a distance of 10cm by insulators

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The leopard enclosure is an exception as it is completely covered by a double electrified mesh.
this is to ensure the impossibility of escape of these animals that are endowed with speed
enormous and thus capable of jumping to incredible heights.

[Link] operations:

Figure 20: The leopards' enclosure

Every morning all the caregivers make sure to follow the same steps;

As they approach, they ensure that the animals are well in their night shelters.

Check the corners of the enclosures, the barriers, the electric wires, etc.

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Empty the pool and the troughs, clean them and refill them, clean the waste left by the animal and
remnants of the offal (bones).

Draining and cleaning the pool is not a daily operation.

Figure 21: Pool Cleaning

Distributing food: In order to get as close as possible to the conditions of the natural environment
caretakers encourage the animal to make an effort to feed itself; to do this, they hide the meat or
the attachment to a tree trunk...

Sometimes, the caretaker distributes the meat in the night shelters and this is for the purpose of not
to have the bones (remains of meats) in the animal exhibition enclosure. In this case, the operation
it is very easy since the animals will head towards it, just after catching the smell of the meat,
towards the crash and therefore getting them into the night shelters doesn't take much time.

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 Figure 22-23: Containment Cage

After taking the animals out, they take care to observe their behaviors (unable to)
stand up, problem while walking, loneliness, rejection of food, or
heat behaviors ...

Finally, the caretakers proceed with the cleaning and disinfection of the night shelters with water.
bleach and/or biocide

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 [Link] lion of Africa:

[Link] :

Class Mammal
Diet Carnivore

Gestation 3.5 months

Scope 1 to 6 small
Distribution Africa
Habitat Savannahs, plains and mountains
Table 1: Presentation of species

Like all felines, the lion is a predator, scavenging on occasion. The adult male shares
essentially spending her time between monitoring her territory and resting. The lionesses take care of the essentials.
hunts and supplies thus males and cubs.

They discreetly encircle the chosen prey, some allowing themselves to be seen while others hide.
the hunting hide a few dozen meters from the game, and the hunters, one or two lionesses, sometimes a lion,
charging at a speed of 40 to 60 km/h.
Majestic and respected, men have given him the name king of the animals.

One of the impressive aspects of the lion is its powerful voice: it is the only feline that truly roars.
and this scream is really impressive.

It roars especially at sunset (it can do so for 1 hour) and presumably to announce
that he is the master of his territory.

Another remarkable characteristic of the lion is its mane, a notable secondary sexual trait.
qui permet de distinguer le mâle de la femelle (dimorphisme sexuel), qu’il porte sur les épaules et sur le
cough, a color darker than that of her dress. It would be intended to cushion the blows of paws and
possible bites that rivals may inflict during fights.

MARK ONE'S TERRITORY

The urine of felines contains ammonia, which gives it a strong odor, very useful for marking.
territory

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.

[Link] THE SERVICE:

We dedicated two days to this service, the third and fourth days at the park. We met the
caregiver who spoke to us about his work in this sector.

Then we began the work, we moved from one enclosure to another after bringing in the animals, of course.
in their night shelter except for the hyenas and the wild dogs where we could enter their enclosure without them.
put them in their night shelters. The caretaker, of course, told us to be careful, to be quick and cautious and
especially not to disturb them.
For the case of felids, bringing them into night shelters is not a feasible task for us.
interns neither for the veterinarian, the only one who is able to do it is the caregiver of this service, in fact,
when he prepared to let them in, he asked us to hide behind the trees to
so that it can guide the animals to the 'holding pen'. The holding pen is a kind of
circuit in the form of a small corridor made of metal that is located between the enclosure and the enclosed meadow. It
measure 3 meters in length for lions and tigers, and 2 meters for leopards.

Figure 24: The dimensions of the holding cage for Lions and Tigers

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The routine operations for this service are to
cleaning the enclosures, that is to say, picking up the leftovers of the
slaughtered distributed to animals as well as their waste. The
Pool cleaning is an operation that is carried out.
generally every 3 days but this period can
vary depending on the degree of dirtiness of the water.

After cleaning the large enclosure; the caretaker

give the lions some water jets in their shelters
at night they appreciate it well - to refresh them.

Figure 25: Pool Cleaning Products: chlorine

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 [Link] white lion:

[Link]
It is not a different species from the lion we know except that its fur is white or
practically white and her eyes are golden or blue. Contrary to what some believe,
White lions are not affected by albinism: this characteristic is called leucism.

It is the most powerful and the largest carnivore in Africa. The white lion is not a different breed and we
is now found in captivity or in the wild. It is because of its particular genetics. It lacks
pigmentation, that is to say
of melanin. Because of its color, it is difficult for it to camouflage itself in nature but as
There are few, and we rarely see them.

[Link] THE SERVICE:

At Friguia park, we counted 4

individuals of white lions including two
males and two females. Their enclosure
is located between the lion's enclosure
from Africa and that of the lycaons.

It has been noticed that the white lions

are the most lively of predators. At

every time when it is very close
of them, they start to roar and to Figure 26: White Lion
mark their territory with urine.
During the food distribution, the caregiver told us to often keep the large pieces of
red meat for the lions and leave the rest (of small size) for the tigers and leopards.

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FOOD SHEET
Food per day and per adult

Sex Ingredients Measure Weight Distribution

Male Red meat - 10 kg Wednesday, Friday,
with chicken Sunday

2 kg twice a month

Rumen (BV) 2 kg
female Red meat with bone - 4 kg Wednesday, Friday,
Chicken Sunday

3 kg twice a month

Rumen (BV) - 1 kg
Sub - Bone-in red meat 3 kg Wednesday, Friday
adult chicken Sunday

2 kg

Young Chicken + bone/meat - 2 kg Monday, Tuesday, Thursday

(minced) +dog enforcement 1 cc/5kg Saturday
PV

Elderly woman Chicken - 8 kg Wednesday, Friday

Sunday
Table 2: Lion Feeding Sheet

Mineral and vitamin supplement:

Dog food: 50 g per meal in the first week of each month Olive oil: 1 tsp at each meal

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 [Link] white tiger:

[Link] :

Class Mammal
Diet Carnivore
Gestation 3 to 4 months
Scope 1 to 7 small
Distribution Asia
Habitat Forest
Table 3: Presentation of Species

The white tiger has a genetic trait called leucism, a deficiency in melanin (pigment).
natural) responsible for the coloration of its fur. Nevertheless, it cannot be classified as "albino".

By not allowing the animal to camouflage itself in the vegetation of the tropical forest, this anomaly reduces
considerably its life expectancy in the wild. The orange coat of other tigers constitutes a
camouflage that allows them to hide in the tall grass when they hunt and to protect themselves from
predators during their first months of life. In contrast, white tigers are rarely observed in the wild.
natural because their light coat is easily spotted by potential predators, as well as by the prey, which
They flee at their sight, diminishing their ability to feed.

The tiger is one of the most endangered species on the planet. The reasons are poaching and habitat destruction.
its habitat. Out of the nine identified subspecies of tigers, three are already extinct.

The tiger's roar is called a roar. Its vocalizations vary depending on their use: indication of presence,
call of a female, attack cry…

27
 ii. WITHIN THE SERVICE:
After finishing the various tasks in the enclosure of the African lions and the white lions, we have
passed by the enclosure of the white tigers which is located right next to that of the African lions. A corridor of
Two meters in width separate the two areas.

The work is the same, but what we've noticed is that there is a male who always stays in the shelter.
night. We questioned the caregiver about that and he told us that often disputes will occur.
when the two males
find themselves together in the enclosure, that is why the caretaker and the veterinarian decided to
separate one from another.

Figure 27: White Tiger

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 [Link] Bengal tiger:

i. ENCYCLOPEDIA :
Class Mammal
Diet Carnivore
Gestation 3 to 4 months
Scope 1 to 7 small
Distribution Sumatra Island (Asia)
Habitat Wet forests
tropical

Tableau 4: presentation of the species

Figure 29: Bengal Tiger

DESCRIPTION OF THE BENGAL TIGER

The Bengal tiger is the most well-known of the different tiger subspecies. Its fur varies in
the different shades of red or orange are streaked with brown or black stripes. The underside of its
the body is a bit lighter but also striped with black. These colors allow it to blend in.
in its environment, the black stripes that could pass for shadowed areas between the trees.
Although it is smaller than its cousin the Siberian tiger, it has a lean and powerful body.

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BEHAVIOR OF THE BENGAL TIGER

The Bengal tiger is solitary and hunts in the dark. It marks its territory covering generally a
hundreds of square kilometers, by urinating or marking trees with deep claw marks. They
cover their feces with soil or plant debris. Although the Felin is large in size, it is
is discreet and easily goes unnoticed among the trees. The animal fiercely defends its territory which
can cover those of several females.

[Link] THE SERVICE:

For the Bengal tigers, four individuals have been counted, all of whom are in the enclosure where they are.
exposed to visitors. Their enclosure is located right next to that of the white tigers where the two are separated.
as in the other case by a corridor two meters wide.

It has been noted that in the case of tigers (white and Bengal) the night shelter is not like that
The white lions enclosure consists of several cages, meaning that the animals inside the shelter are...
nights will be separated.

We questioned the veterinarian about this and he informed us that the correct model is the one of the
Sumatran tigers (the other night shelters must be identical to this one). Normally, the opening of
these cages must be handled by a color system to facilitate door opening, but this
is not the case which raises a problem of distinguishing between the cage doors. Inside, there is a
zone where the caregiver is located and which is clearly separated from the area where the animals are by a
barrière en métal qui permet à l’ouvrier d’observer les animaux à l’intérieur de l’abri de nuit et donclui
give the opportunity to see if the animals have injuries or not.

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FOOD SHEET
Food per day and per adult

Gender Ingredients Measure Weight Distribution

Male Red meat - 11 kg Wednesday, Friday,
with chicken Sunday

2 kg

Rumen (BV) 2 kg twice a month

female Red meat - 8 kg Wednesday, Friday
with chicken Sunday

2 kg

Rumen (BV) - 2 kg twice a month

Sub - Red meat 4 kg Wednesday, Friday,
adult with chicken Sunday

3 kg Tuesday and Thursday

1

Young Chicken + bone - 0.5 kg Monday, Tuesday, Thursday,

/meat (ground) + 1 cc/5kg PV Saturday
dog force

Table 5: Tiger Feeding Sheet

Mineral-vitamin supplements:
Canine force:

Adults: 50g/meal the first week of each month

Young: 2cc/day

Olive oil: 1 teaspoon at each meal (for adults)

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 [Link] service:

[Link] :

Class Mammal
Diet Herbivore
Gestation 22 months
Scope 1 small
Distribution Africa
Habitat Savannas, prairies, deserts
arid...
Table 6: presentation of the species

Figure 30: Elephant

TWO DISTINCT SPECIES

For a long time, scientists believed that there was only one species of African elephant,
differentiated into 2 subspecies. Advances in genetics have shown that it is
consists of 2 fully distinct species: the savanna elephant and the forest elephant. The savanna elephant is the most
the largest of the 2 species in Africa. It has larger tusks than the forest elephant because it does not
rarely moves in the forest cover. It also has larger ears, which it
allow to regulate its body temperature.

The largest land mammal, the African savanna elephant can weigh over 7 tons and measure
up to 4 meters in height.

32
A MAMMAL TO PROTECT

In its natural habitat, the species remains greatly threatened, both in Africa and Asia (poaching and
illegal ivory trade, accidents among animals exploited in the forestry industry...

[Link] THE SERVICE:

The fifth and sixth days were dedicated to this service.

As with the rest of the services, two caregivers take care of this species. The work starts at
around 8 a.m.
We started with the caretaker by cleaning the enclosure and then distributing food under a shelter in the center.
of the enclosure.

Regarding the food, we put two bales of hay, meaning each two elephants share.
a single ball. We also had fun distributing the cut fruits and vegetables in different places
from the enclosure, this is intended later to force the elephants to use their trunks as much as possible
of
time to have the opportunity to observe them and see if they show any anomalies or anything.

Figure 31: Shelter in the center of the elephant enclosure

It should be noted that the water troughs are equipped with an automatic filling system; it just needs to be monitored.
From time to time, the water level in the tank.

33
 Figure 32: Elephant Watering Hole

Then we met the second caretaker who took us to clean the night shelters. But, before
We cleaned the elephants with tap water using a hose.

During this stage, the veterinarian told us to be careful by often keeping a distance of
safety between us and the elephant because of direct contact with these wild animals in particular
the elephant that is called the "man killer" a simple blow of its trunk can lead to death,
so the safety distance is the distance that the caregiver must maintain so that when the elephant
spreading its trunk cannot reach the latter.
It is necessary to clean the elephants daily since their skin is folded and constitutes a
favorable place for pathogens and bacteria.

34
 Figure 33-34: In direct contact with an elephant: cleaning the animal's skin

After cleaning the animals, they were let out of their night shelter, thus the animals go through there.
door that separates the night shelter from the enclosed meadow to then find itself in the enclosed area itself. A wire
The electric one is located at the opening that separates the enclosure from the enclosed area.

35
 Metal door
sliding that
separate the night shelter
the male of the meadow
Open at the center of
male enclosure.
meadow enclosure

Electric wire for reinforcement

the door
Figure 35: Separation door between the night shelter and the male enclosure pasture

Often, one of the females when she has the freedom to leave her night shelter (in the morning), she heads towards
the male's enclosure, waits for the caretaker to open the door and then they head out together
towards the exhibition enclosure!

However, when the male sees the female outside of his night shelter, he starts to trumpet and turn around.
his night shelter, at this moment, it is better to get him out of his night shelter quickly.
The first thing we started doing after this step is to turn on the current.
electricity that powers the electrical wires, this is essential for the safety of the caregivers as well as
that of the visitors.

36
 Figure 36: Electric current generator

Cleaning the night shelters is a daily task, which is why the caregivers as well as we
interns must be equipped with a waterproof bot to avoid all diseases coming from
animal waste.

Figure 37: Elephant night shelter

This photo shows:

At the bottom, an opening for waste disposal during cleaning

5 windows that contribute to better ventilation of the night shelter

Cleaning is not done only with water using a hose, but it is necessary to clean the walls.
with the help of a "pressure washer" making it easy to remove waste stuck to the walls.
It's not just that since it's necessary to clean the walls with hot water every two days.

37
FOOD SHEET
Food per day and per adult

ingredients measures Weight distribution

Carrot 6kg
Onion 500g twice a day
Apple 5kg twice a day
Green cabbage 1 head 1kg twice a day
Cauliflower 1 head
Pain 4
Pear 1kg
Fennel 500g
Carob tree 2kg
Horse pellets 3kg
Barley flour 3kg
Hay 20kg
Green lettuce 3kg
Sprouted oats 3kg Monday, Wednesday,
Friday
Acacia branch As desired
Table 7: Elephant feeding sheet

Mineral-vitamin supplements:
Calcium: 100g /head for the first 5 days of each month

Hydrosol E: 5ml/head from the 8th until the end of each month

At the beginning of spring, caregivers give oil baths to the elephants to prepare their skin for
exposure to the sun.

38
 4. Giraffe service:

[Link]
Class Mammal
Dietary Regime Folivore
Gestation 15 months
Scope 1 small
Distribution Africa
Habitat Savannah
Table 8: Presentation of the species

THE LARGEST LAND MAMMAL!

Giraffes are social animals that live in the African savannah. They live in groups of 5 to 6.
Individuals or sometimes alone, can measure up to 5.70 meters and weigh up to 1.9 tons.

Giraffes are perfectly adapted to a folivorous diet: their long neck, their immense legs, and their tongue
a 50 cm prehensile allows them privileged access to the leaves and branches of trees. They are fond of
particularly acacias. On the other hand, their size is a real handicap when it comes to drinking. Indeed,
they are forced to do the splits so that their head can reach the surface of the water and
thus find themselves at the mercy of predators such as lions or crocodiles.

Figure 38: Male and female giraffe

39
A GREATLY THREATENED SPECIES
Giraffes are present in 18 countries in Africa, extinct in 5, and have been reintroduced in 3.
In general, the giraffe population is declining.

SPECIES OR SUBSPECIES?

According to specialists, there are 9 subspecies of giraffes, more or less endangered in their natural habitat.
depending on the region where they are established. However, a genetic study conducted in 2016 by Chris
Woolston questions this statement. According to him, there would not be 1 species and 9 subspecies.
species but 4 distinct species. The specialists do not agree at the moment...

DID YOU KNOW?

The giraffe sleeps standing up and, at most, not more than 3 or 4 minutes at a time. In total, it only sleeps 2 hours a day.

day!

[Link] THE SERVICE:

This service is also considered one of the most important services in the park as it does not concern
not only giraffes but also other species such as zebras, donkeys, and wildebeests ...
We dedicated two days for this service. The first thing to do is to get the giraffes out of their
night shelters, then, as in the case of all other services, we cleaned the enclosure.

The enclosure of this service is the largest enclosure in the park since it includes several species. The
The park veterinarian always tries to integrate new species into this enclosure to enrich it.
and to make it appear as in nature but it is not an easy task since the integration of
new individuals require their adaptation with the old animals in the enclosure, it is for
One must always observe the behaviors of animals and the relationships that develop between them.
For the moment, the large enclosure of the giraffes contains giraffes, zebras, ostriches, and gnus.

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 Figure 39: Giraffe Enclosure: contains in this photo two giraffes, two zebras

Feeding of giraffes:
Regarding
the feeding of giraffes is divided between morning and afternoon, and vitamin supplements are
diluted and then administered in the food.

Knowing that the giraffe is a ruminant, its diet is designed to stimulate fermentative activity and
multiplication of its ruminal microflora.
The giraffe's diet also includes concentrate. The concentrate used is that of the dairy cow.
(Luzerne plugs).
The hay is distributed to the giraffes:
let it be in the night shelters
either in a feeder attached to a tree trunk planted in the center of the enclosure

Figure 40: Distribution of foods

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Note: The acacia leaves are soaked with water, allowing the animal to mark its pathways.
water points.
The giraffe is particularly vulnerable when it drinks because to drink it must spread its
previous members and lower its head by 5 m which could lead to too much blood flow
to the brain and cause fainting. To prevent this phenomenon, a system of valves
prevents blood from flowing too quickly.

Figure 41: distribution of acacia to giraffes

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FOOD SHEET
Food per day and per adult

Ingredients Weight (kg)

Carrot 7 to 8
Onion 1
Apple 4
Banana 0.7
Alfalfa corks 4 to 5
Cattle pellets 3
Green lucerne or berseem 10
Oat straw (quality At will
average)
Acacia branches As much as you want

Sprouted oats 2
Sprouted oats 2
Table 9: Giraffe feeding sheet
Mineral vitamin supplement:
hydrosol AD3E: 5 cc per head for the first 7 days of each month

(1 liter): vitamin A ........... 100,000,000 IU

vitamin D3……………. 20,000,000 IU
vitamine E..............................20 g
hydrosol E: 15 ml applied to the head from the 8th day until the end of each month

(1litre) : vitamine E..........................................100g

Sodium selenite … 45mg

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 5. Sea lion service:

[Link] :

Class Mammal
Diet Fish-eater
Gestation 11.5 months
Scope 1 small
Distribution North America
Habitat Coastal shores

Table 10: Species presentation

Sea lions are distinguished from seals by various criteria:

The ears that are visible while the seals do not have an outer ear.

The members of sea lions are larger than those of seals allow them to take
support on the ground so as to move more easily on land: in short, the seal walks.
while the seal tricks

The shape of the face clearly distinguishes them: a sea lion has a more developed snout and the
canines plus visible

Figure 42: sea lion show

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Dizzying dives

The sea lion is a marine mammal. It must surface to breathe and gives birth to its young on the
dry land. Very fast in the water, it can reach a speed of 40 km/h and dive down to nearly
300 meters deep (the equivalent of the height of the Eiffel Tower!).

The male is dark brown, the female and the young are reddish-brown.

She must absorb the equivalent of about 15% of her weight each day in order to maintain heat.
body necessary for its evolution in cold water.

It feeds on schools of herring and squid as well as sardines caught in two minutes at 75m.
in depth, around the Galápagos Islands.

However, during the breeding season (May to August), the male will fast and live on its fat reserves.
to protect his harem and defend the territory he has created during confrontations with other males.

After two weeks, he goes to feed at sea; and upon his return, he must reclaim his place.

On your marks! Ready? Go!

Despite appearances, and unlike the seal, the sea lion is very agile on land, where it is capable of
with the help of its fins, to move faster than a human in a race!

[Link] THE SERVICE:

One day was dedicated to this service since it only contains two individuals, an African seal and
another Californian.
Only one caretaker takes care of this service since it does not require much work. The nighttime shelter includes a
the only pool where you find both sea lions together

Figure 43: indoor pool

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So cleaning does not take much time. The cleaning is done
in three steps:

pH adjustment before cleaning

Cleaning
pH adjustment after cleaning

The cleaning is done by pouring 50° bleach with a pH of 11 (or with chlorine, but this is)
more toxic) which explains the need to adjust the pH after cleaning since the pH of the water of the
The pool must oscillate between the values of 7.2 and 7.6.

The measurement of pH is done using a simple pH measurement device.

Figure 44: pH measurement

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The cleaning of the night shelter pool is done every 2 days while the outdoor pool needs to be cleaned.
every 3 or 6 months and this depends on the climate.

Figure 45: cleaning of the internal pool

The night shelter also contains other cages but they are not connected to a pool.

Figure 46: the night shelter cage

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A fridge for food preservation knowing that this service is the only one where the food does not go through
the kitchen since there is no preparation of rations. It should also be noted that the night shelter is managed
of an air conditioner whose purpose is to maintain a specific temperature to keep these animals
in life as well as for the welfare of these beautiful creatures.

Figure 47: the air conditioner

Figure 48: Sea Lion Foods

Freezing helps reduce germs and eliminate certain parasites but must be supplemented with
vitamin B (triB: B1, B6, and B12) as well as vitamin E.

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Figure 49: vitamin Tri-B
 [Link] activities

Calf nursing
These are 2 female calves of a local breed that were entrusted to the park by the Gene Bank in order to
maintain and preserve the breed.
We breastfed them (due to 1kg of powdered milk per 7L of water), treated their diarrhea and we have
cleaned their box.

Figure 50: Calf Feeding

2. Insertion of microchip
Since the lemur family has welcomed a new young member, it is important to carry out its
identification by inserting and then reading an electronic chip.

Figure 51: insertion of the chip

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Following the identification by electronic chip insertion, we proceeded to fill out the form.
identification of the new lemur containing information regarding its identification number,
his gender, his parents and his date of birth.

Figure 52: Identification form

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