Class 10th - Economics

Development
 Class 10th - Economics - Development - Full Chapter Explanation

The idea of development

Individual Country

The questions associated with it.

Development

● As an idea is complex, inter-disciplinary and related to the democratic political process.

Class 10th - Economics - Development - Full Chapter Explanation

What Development Promises - Different People, Different Goals

Different People Different Goals

Boys
Farmer

Tribals
Girls

Businessman
 Class 10th - Economics - Development - Full Chapter Explanation

Notion for development is In fact, at times two person or groups may seek
different for different people. things which are conflicting.

Explain

A demonstration meeting against raising the height

of Sardar Sarovar Dam on Narmada River
 Class 10th - Economics - Development - Full Chapter Explanation

Income and other Goals

Try to understand the heading

Goals ≠ High Income only

There are goals other than income. Explain

● Besides seeking more income, one-way or the other, people also seek things like equal
treatment, freedom, security, and respect of others.
● Quality of our life depends on: Material + Non-material things.
● It will be wrong to conclude that what cannot be measured is not important.
● E.g. What factors would you see before accepting a job.

Similarly, for development people at a mix of goals.

 Class 10th - Economics - Development - Full Chapter Explanation

National Development

What is national development?

● Individuals seek different goals, then their notion of national development is also
likely to be different.

Similar to developmental goals

It is very important to keep in mind that different persons could have

different as well as conflicting notions of a country’s development.

● How to decide what is best? + Associated questions

 Class 10th - Economics - Development - Full Chapter Explanation

How to Compare different Countries or State?

Development Different notions for different people.

How come some countries are generally called developed and others under developed?

Understand with the example of comparing students in your class.

Usually we take one or more important characteristics of persons

and compare them based on these characteristics.
 Class 10th - Economics - Development - Full Chapter Explanation

What is the income of the country?

Income of all the resident of the country = Total income

Not such a useful measure. Why?

∴ Comparison should be based on the average income.

Total Income
Average Income =
Total Population

● It is also known as per capita income.

 Class 10th - Economics - Development - Full Chapter Explanation

World Development Report

● Brought out by the World bank.

● Used to compare countries on the basic of income.

● Countries with per capita income of US$ 63,400 per annum and above in 2023, are
called high income or rich countries and those with per capita income of US$ 2400
or less are called low-income countries.

● India comes in the category of low middle income countries because its per capita
income in 2023 was just about US$10030 per annum.

● The rich countries, excluding countries of Middle East and certain other small
countries, are generally called developed countries.
 Class 10th - Economics - Development - Full Chapter Explanation

Limitation of average income

● Averages are useful for comparison, but they hide disparities.

Explain
● It does not tell how the income is distributed among the people.
 Class 10th - Economics - Development - Full Chapter Explanation

Income and other Criteria

We found that people not only think of better income but also have goals such as security, respect
for others, equal treatment, freedom, etc. in mind.

+
The same applies for the nation.

Analyse
 Class 10th - Economics - Development - Full Chapter Explanation

Public Facilities

“Money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that you may need to live well.”

Example

● Pollution free environment.

● Protection from infectious disease.
 Class 10th - Economics - Development - Full Chapter Explanation

Significance of Public facilities

I. For many of the important things in life the best way,

also the cheapest way, is to provide these goods and
services collectively.

Example: Security, transportation.

II. With the increase in public facilities other criteria also enhances.

Public facilities Health and Education Analyse

Development
 Class 10th - Economics - Development - Full Chapter Explanation

Example -
● Kerala has a low Infant Mortality Rate because it has adequate provision of basic health
and educational facilities.
● Similarly, in some states, the Public Distribution System (PDS) functions well.
● Health and nutritional status of people of such states is certainly likely to be better.
 Class 10th - Economics - Development - Full Chapter Explanation

How to find out BMI (Body Mass Index)?

Weight of the person in Kg, Height in meter square.

Weight (Kg) 25
Example: = = 25
Height (m)2 (1)2

In this case:
● Less than 18 = Undernourished
Exception -
● More than 25 = Overweight Growing childrens are not evaluated
on body mass index.
● Between 18-25 = Nourished
 Class 10th - Economics - Development - Full Chapter Explanation

Human Development Report

Income An inadequate measure of the level of development.

Then what is the other criterion?

Health, education and standard of living are also

some important factors.

Human Development Report

 Class 10th - Economics - Development - Full Chapter Explanation

UNDP (United Nation Development Programmes) Human Development Report

Compares countries based on the educational levels of the

people, their health status and per capita income.

HDI (Human Development Index)

Analyse

● Do you think there are certain other aspects that should be considered
in measuring human development.
 Class 10th - Economics - Development - Full Chapter Explanation

Sustainability of Development

● What is sustainable development?

Challenges
Is development sustainable?

Development Requires consumption of resources. Depletion 🠋

∴ Sustainable use of resources is required and

development should be sustainable.
 Connect with us on Instagram
Join our telegram channel

Team - DSR Digraj_Singh_Rajput

Digraj Singh Rajput

Next Toppers
The Social Brains

Please the channels

For Upcoming sessions