Topic 2 - Data

Analysis and Data for

Graphics
Introduction - Definition

Data analysis is defined as a process of

cleaning, transforming, and
modeling data to discover useful
information for decision-making.
Introduction
The purpose of data analysis are:

• To extract useful information from data and

taking the decision based upon the data
analysis.

• To describe data in meaningful terms.

• To detect patterns, relationships or trends.

Investigate:

1) challenge
2) context
3) data sources
4) preliminary
hypotheses
 Understand:

1. the attributes of the

data.

2. data volume and total

number of variables in the
data.

3. problems with the data,

such as missing values,
inaccuracies, and outliers.

4. the inconsistencies in
the data.
Process of removing
or modifying data
that is:
1. Incorrect
2. Incomplete
3. Irrelevant
4. Duplicated
5. Improperly formatted.
 Process that involves
adding new data
elements/variable to
an existing database.
 Use data analysis
tool/software to:

1. extract raw data

2. organize it
3. analyze it
4. transform it
from incomprehensible
numbers into coherent,
intelligible information
 Data visualization is
the graphical
representation of
information and data.
By using visual
elements like charts,
graphs, and maps, data
visualization tools
provide an accessible
way to see and
understand trends,
outliers, and patterns
in data.
 Why is Data Analysis Important?
1) Better User Targeting

You don’t want to waste your business’s precious time, resources, and money
putting together advertising campaigns targeted at demographic groups that have
little to no interest in the goods and services you offer.

Data analysis helps you see where you should be focusing your advertising efforts.

2) Know Your Target User Better

Data analysis tracks how well your products and campaigns are performing within
your target demographic.

Through data analysis, your business can get a better idea of your target audience’s
spending habits, disposable income, and most likely areas of interest
 Why is Data Analysis Important?

3) Reduce Operational Costs

Data analysis shows you which areas in your business need more resources and
money, and which areas are not producing and thus should be scaled back or
eliminated outright.

4) Better Problem-Solving Methods

Informed decisions are more likely to be successful decisions. Data provides

businesses with information. You can see where this progression is leading.

Data analysis helps businesses make the right choices and avoid costly pitfalls.
 Why is Data Analysis Important?

5) Get More Accurate Data

If you want to make informed decisions, you need data, but there’s more to
it. The data in question must be accurate.

Data analysis helps businesses acquire relevant, accurate information,

suitable for developing future marketing strategies, business plans, and
realigning the company’s vision or mission.
 Understanding the Graphical
Representation of Data
An appropriate presentation of data involves organization of data in such a
manner that meaningful conclusions and inferences can drawn to answer the
research question.
A chart is a visual representation of information A graph is a chart that uses mathematical
or data. equations to visualize data and analyze
relationships and trends.
The purpose of a chart is to help viewers
understand and analyze information easily with For a chart to be a graph—and not another type
the help of visuals. of chart—it must involve a mathematical
analysis, generally using the x and y axis to plot
Charts can be stand-alone visuals or grouped to data points.
create infographics, dashboards, and other more
complex data visualizations. Common graphs use lines and bars to visualize
data quantities, relationships, and trends.
How to Use
Charts &
Graphs
How to Present Charts & Graphs

The most efficient way to present charts and

graphs is to follow this formula:

1) Introduce the graph.

2) Identify the variables.
3) Highlight key info.
4) Share conclusions.
The need of presenting data graphically
Graphics are used to represent large volume of data. They are
necessary:

1 4
Graphical form makes it
Create an imprint on mind
possible to easily draw visual
for a longer time.
impressions of data.

2 5
The graphic method of the
representation of data It represents characteristics in
enhances our a simplified way.
understanding.

3 6
These makes it easy to
It makes the comparison easy. understand the patterns and
trends
Graphical Representation of Data
Tables: This consists of rows and columns used to compare variables. Tables can show a great deal of information
in a structured way, but they can also overwhelm users that are simply looking for high-level trends.

Pie charts and stacked bar charts: These graphs are divided into sections that represent parts of a whole. They
provide a simple way to organize data and compare the size of each component to one other.

Line charts and area charts: These visuals show change in one or more quantities by plotting a series of data
points over time and are frequently used within predictive analytics. Line graphs utilize lines to demonstrate these
changes while area charts connect data points with line segments, stacking variables on top of one another and
using color to distinguish between variables.

Histograms: This graph plots a distribution of numbers using a bar chart (with no spaces between the bars),
representing the quantity of data that falls within a particular range. This visual makes it easy for an end user to
identify outliers within a given dataset.

Scatter plots: These visuals are beneficial in reveling the relationship between two variables, and they are
commonly used within regression data analysis. However, these can sometimes be confused with bubble charts,
which are used to visualize three variables via the x-axis, the y-axis, and the size of the bubble.

Heat maps: These graphical representation displays are helpful in visualizing behavioral data by location. This
can be a location on a map, or even a webpage.

Tree maps: which display hierarchical data as a set of nested shapes, typically rectangles. Treemaps are great for
comparing the proportions between categories via their area size.
Graphical Representation of Data
Resource:

1) https://www.intellspot.com/types-graphs-charts/

2) https://piktochart.com/blog/types-of-graphs/

3) https://visme.co/blog/types-of-graphs/